论海权的宪法保护——“海洋条款”入宪及海权法律保障机制研究

西方海权理论带有浓重的海洋霸权主义色彩。中国海权是海洋主权、海洋权利和制海权的统一,具有自卫性和有限性。由于我国宪法未设"海洋条款",海权的法律保护存在宪法缺失、立法相对滞后及体系不平衡等不足。通过宪法保护海权有其必要性,解决海岛及海洋争端和提升我国海洋执法的正当性也需宪法提供明确的依据。党的十八大报告为"海洋条款"入宪创造了契机,海权的宪法保护路径在于:增设涉海条款直接保护和授权普通法律间接保护。

On Constitutional Protection of Sea Power---Study on Incorporation of Marine Clause into Chinese Constitution and Protection System of Sea Power Law

Western sea power theories are of a strong maritime hegemony color.China’s sea power is a uni-ty of marine sovereignty,sea rights and command of the sea,characterized by self-defense and limitation. Because of the absence of marine clause in Chinese Constitution,the legal protection of sea power in China has defects like lack of constitutional concern,lag of relative legislation and unbalanced system.The con-stitutional protection of sea power is necessary,which would provide a clear basis for solving island and maritime disputes and enhancing the legitimacy of the marine law enforcement.The report delivered at the 18th CPC National Congress has created the opportunity of putting marine clause incorporated into the Con-stitution.The constitutional path of sea power will provide the direct protection by marine clause and indi-rect protection by authorized common law.