瑕疵出资股东的股东权利及其限制的分类研究:规范、解释与实证

股东权利虽以股东身份为基础,但取得股东身份并不当然享有完整的股东权利,如股东存在出资瑕疵,其股权应当受到限制,且这种限制具有正当性。一般来讲,比例股权与股东出资以及股东自身利益的关系较非比例股权而言要更为密切,在股东瑕疵出资的情况下,对其比例股权进行相应的限制,具有制度上的合理性、法理上的正当性与现实上的可行性。因此,对于瑕疵出资股东,其比例股权的行使应根据其瑕疵出资的实际情况而受到相应限制,原则上应按照其实缴的出资比例行使;而非比例股权则不应受到限制而均可以完整享有并行使。关于瑕疵出资股东权利限制的此等一般性标准得以确立后,具体到个案涉及的各项股权的限制及实现该限制的路径,还需要司法基于公平正义之原则分别处理。

A Taxonomy of the Restrictions on the Shareholders' Right of Flaw Contribution: Regulation, Interpretation and Demonstration

Though the rights possessed by shareholders are based on their identity as a shareholder,a mere possession of shareholder status can not immediately result in the entire shareholder’s rights.For instance,when a shareholder flawed at his/her capital contribution to the corporation,then certain rights will be limited,and this kind of limitation is reasonable.Generally speaking,share rights performed in accordance with its proportion are more related with issues like capital contribution and shareholders’ interests compared with non-proportional shareholder’s rights.Under the circumstance that a shareholder violates the duties to the corporate,a corresponding limitation on his proportional shareholder’s rights shall be considered reasonable in system,legitimate in judicial theory and feasible in practice.Thus,to those who flawed at his/her contributions to the corporation,the performing of proportional shareholder’s rights shall be limited according to the practical flawed contribution.In principle,the rights to be executed by shareholders shall be in respond to his/her actual contributions to the corporation.Comparatively,non-proportion shareholder’s rights shall not be limited but be performed comprehensively.This is the establishment of general criteria of restrictions on rights possessed by its shareholders who flawed at contributions to the corporation.As to the specific rights of shareholders,it needs to be particularly analyzed in terms of how to limit their rights and the way to achieve that aim,all of which need to be further all-sided discussed.