性别差异研究的四种取向

心理学家经常会以性别及性别刻板来理解人类的行为。在过去的几十年里,有关性与性别的研究在不断增多,并发展出了四种主要的研究取向:(1)将性别作为被试变量;(2)考察男性化、女性化和双性化的个体差异;(3)性别图式理论;(4)将性别看做一个社会范畴来进行研究。以这四种研究取向为线索来组织内容,可获得对性、性别以及人格领域有关问题的一个比较全面的探究。

Four Major Approaches to the Research of Sex Difference

Psychologists are intrigued by sex and sex stereotypes as ways of defining and understanding human behavior. In the past years, there has been a proliferation of research on the topic of sex and gender. This article identifies four major approaches to this research: (1) sex as a subject variable; (2) individual differences in masculinity, femininity, and androgyny; (3) gender schema theory; and (4) sex as a social category. Using these four categories to organize the material, this paper examines issues in the area of sex, gender, and personality.