论萨特的自由理论

萨特把人的自由上升到哲学本体论的高度 ,认为自由是与人的存在联系在一起 ,而人的自由之根源在于人的意识的虚无性、否定性与超越性。认为人作为自为的存在 ,与物作为自由的存在的差别在于人的存在先于本质 ,这正是人的自由的根本所在。人的自由在于意志的自由、选择的自由 ,而这种自由既是绝对的 ,又与责任密切相联。萨特的自由观最大的不足在于离开人的社会实践来谈自由 ,这使其自由观最终不过是抽象的个体自由与精神自由

Expounding Sartre's theory of freedom

Sartre ascended the human being's freedom as high as philosophical ontology. He thought that freedom was connected with the human being's truth, whose freedom came from nothingness, negation and transcendency of his consciousness, that as being for itself, there was a difference that the human being's existence was earlier than things, as being in itself, which was the root of the human being's freedom. The human being's freedom lied in the freedom of will and choices, which was not only absolute but also closely connected with his duty. The most serious shortcoming of Sartre's theory of freedom was that he talked about freedom, departing from the human being's social practice, which made his theory of freedom be just abstract individual and spiritual freedom.