汽车零部件供应商关系二维定量甄别研究

针对目前供应商关系识别以定性为主的现状,结合汽车零部件供应特征,建立了汽车零部件供应商关系二维定量甄别模型,从关系的类型和生命周期2个维度上对供应商关系进行定量甄别。在类型维度上将供应商关系分为合作伙伴、一般供应和临时采购3种关系类型,分类量化指标是价值比例、数量比例、到货及时率和潜在供应商数量,并采用Fisher判别分析法对其进行定量判别。生命周期维度上将供应商关系分为考察期、发展期、成熟期和衰退期4个阶段,将交易发展指数作为其量化指标。实证分析表明,所提出的供应商关系定量甄别指标和方法,能够有效地识别供应商关系的状态及其变化。     

两级再制造的S-M闭环供应链的决策与绩效分析

供应商是再制造战略研究中不可忽视的决策主体之一,因为制造商的产品回收再制造战略会对供应商的零部件供应决策产生影响,而且处于强势背景的供应商也有选择是否参与零部件的回收再制造的权利。为了探讨产品和零部件的两级再制造战略对供应商和零售商的定价决策及收益的影响,本文运用Stackelberg博弈,对供应商强势背景下供应商选择参与和选择不参与零部件的回收再制造的两种Supplier-Manufacturer闭环供应链模型进行了研究,并对两种情形下的定价决策与收益进行了对比分析。最后得出以下结论:再制造战略对批发价决策的影响与产品的市场需求状况有关,对零售价决策的影响与回收风险状况有关;供应商应积极参与两级再制造战略,因为供应商选择供应可再制造的零部件使自身受益,并且参与零部件的回收再制造可以在降低批发价和零售价的基础上使双方受益。最后,运用数值算例验证了本文的研究结论,丰富了再制造战略对定价决策及收益影响的研究成果。     

供应链合作伙伴之间的双向选择

供应链管理是企业管理的趋势,不可逆转。其中,供应链合作伙伴的选择和联盟关系的建立,是供应链管理的核心和关键。本文采用了供应商-制造商模型,在前人关于供应商选择方法研究的基础上,利用层次分析法(AHP)和线性规划(LP)建立了制造商关于供应商的选择模型;同时,利用激励约束说明了供应商对于制造商的选择问题。     

零售商对供应商的信任、控制机制使用和价值创造之间的关系研究

面对日益激烈的竞争环境,零售企业越来越注重与其供应商建立长期稳定的合作关系以应对挑战.本文研究的是垂直渠道关系中零售商对供应商的信任、控制机制的使用以及从与供应商关系中获得的关系价值之间的关系.通过对中国家电业414对零售商-供应商关系的问卷调研数据的分析,运用因子分析及结构方程的方法,验证了我们提出的概念模型及假设.本文研究结论表明零售商对供应商的不同水平的信任通过不同的控制机制的使用能为零售商带来不同的关系价值.     

一体化下游企业的零部件自制与外包决策的供应链短期均衡研究

企业常常面临选择:零部件生产是自己制造还是外包给零部件供应商,在产业组织理论中是一个企业纵向一体化的选择问题。在分析指出下游企业零部件生产的外包和自制的市场行为改变了该产业组织的结构的基础上,本文分别以上游供应商利润、下游企业利润和消费者剩余为优化目标,研究上游供应商的产品定价、下游企业零部件生产的外包和自制决策,将cournot博弈嵌套到Stackelberg博弈中,建立该产业组织的复合博弈模型,得到了该产业组织在不同结构下的不同均衡,即相关企业的最优生产经营决策。对于上游供应商,下游企业零部件生产的外包比自制总是可以获得较高的利润,并且两者的差距随着市场容量的增加而增大,对于下游企业,其零部件自制获得的利润总是高于外包获得的利润,其竞争的下游企业的利润则也是与之同方向变化。这些结果可供供应链的企业在竞争环境下制定最优市场策略时参考,尤其是可供企业在零部件外包或自制决策时参考。     

基于行业偏好的港口物流供应商多维度选择方法

港口物流供应商选择是制造企业全球供应链管理的关键环节,决策者的感知不确定性会影响供应商决策绩效。结合结构方程模型(SEM)和数据包络分析(DEA)的特点,提出了一种基于行业偏好的港口物流供应商多维度选择方法——SEM/DEA法。这种方法以大量的行业样本数据为基础,根据行业偏好来确定不同指标维度的权重,可以减小单个决策者感知误差对选择结果的负面影响,提高港口物流供应商选择决策的理性程度。     

供应链上的后向整合外包与协调策略分析

制造业企业在设计与构造供应链时所面临的一个核心问题是如何对纵向整合度进行权衡,通过一个单期、单制造商和单供应商的两级供应链模型研究这一问题.制造商生产最终产品所需的零部件被分为两类,核心零部件与非核心零部件.对于非核心零部件制造商既可以选择自制从而提高纵向整合度.也可以选择外包给上游供应商.首先给出了制造商的最优整合外包策略,然后分析了整合外包策略对上、下游企业及供应链整体绩效带来的影响,最后讨论了几种基于整合外包方式的供应链改进与协调策略.     

供应商关键能力、产业品牌价值与采购商重购意愿

随着中国市场中采购商对供应商产品定制化需求日益提高,中国供应商面临的竞争环境越来越激烈,创造产业品牌价值进而提高采购商的持续购买意愿成为中国供应商发展的必然战略选择。 基于此,以产业市场中产业品牌化战略为研究背景,聚焦产业品牌价值形成的驱动因素,依据供应商能力-产业品牌价值-交易效果的理论逻辑提出10个假设。从供应商的产品研发能力和营销能力两方面的关键能力入手,探讨供应商关键能力对产业品牌的功能价值和情感价值这两类产业品牌价值的驱动作用以及产业品牌价值对采购商重购意愿的影响,并考察技术动荡性的调节效应。以分布在广东、福建、江苏和浙江4省产业市场中的采购商为研究对象,通过对采购商的中、高层管理人员进行问卷调研,获得212家采购商数据的研究样本,采用结构方程模型和多元回归分析的实证方法对研究假设进行检验。 研究结果表明,供应商产品研发能力对品牌的功能价值具有正向影响,但对品牌情感价值的影响不显著;供应商营销能力对两类品牌价值均有显著的正向影响;产品研发能力与营销能力的交互作用仅对品牌功能价值有显著影响;产业品牌的功能价值和情感价值均对采购商的重复购买意愿产生积极的影响;但技术动荡性强化功能价值与采购商重购意愿的关系,弱化情感价值对采购商重购意愿的作用。 研究结果为理解中国市场环境下供应商能力、产业品牌价值以及采购商重购意愿之间的关系提供了理论依据,以此为基础,为中国产业供应商有效创造和传递品牌价值提供对策和建议;同时,关注产业品牌价值对采购商购买行为的影响,从企业层面解决供应商资源投入转化为交易绩效的问题。研究结果对于指导产业供应商识别出驱动品牌价值的能力需求,并通过产业品牌价值的构建和传递,提高与采购商之间的交易效果具有一定的现实意义。     

通过顾客关系服务化来强化顾客价值过程--顾客关系时代的营销新命题

本文建立在这样一个全新的观念基础之上,即营销资源和活动必须与企业所面临的目标顾客相互一致,同时,顾客价值不是由制造商或服务提供者创造的,而是由顾客在其价值创造过程中创造的.企业的资源、流程和能力并不是企业的生产(如产品)、管理(如网站)、财务(如结算)、法律(如顾客申述的处理)及其它活动过程的结果,而应当被视为顾客价值创造过程的投入要素.因此,供应商的作用是通过向顾客提供恰当的资源要素,如产品、服务、信息、服务补救、个性化关怀等来支持顾客价值创造过程,并与顾客资源形成互动,惟此,顾客才会感知到价值被创造出来.要以此方式运营,企业必须将自己看作是服务企业,而且真正地为顾客服务.为强化顾客价值的生成,企业必须将其客户关系中的所有要素"服务化"(Servicizing),无论是与制造或服务相关的,还是管理、财务或者法律等常规活动.这些常规活动通常属于"隐性服务"(HiddenService),它们在价值创造中的潜力没有得到应有重视.相反,这些要素对顾客价值的生成过程常常起到破坏而不是支撑作用."服务化"意味着要将所有与顾客关系相关的要素,不管它们的类型和特性如何,转化为顾客价值创造过程中的投入要素.最后,本文还探讨了在顾客关系管理时代,如何配置企业营销资源及营销规划等问题.     

基于确定需求的VMI模式下供应链各节点同时受益条件的研究

以n个零部件供应商与1个制造商组成的供应链为研究对象,假设外界需求确定.充分考虑实施VMI前后,订货(配送)主动权的转移导致订货(配送)策略的不同,以及制造商对各零部件需求速率的不同,导致其对各零部件的订货周期也不一致的情况.通过建立数理模型,对实施VMI前后供应链各节点的经济效益进行比较.在此基础上,深入探讨制造商销售价格不变时,实施VMI后是否存在一个合理的供应商销售价格区间,该区间的价格既能弥补供应商因管理制造商零部件库存多消耗的成本,也能使各供应商和制造商的经济效益都有所提高,为VMI模式在供应链环境下成功地实施提供理论依据.     

Selecting a Portfolio of Technologies: An Application of Decision Analysis

The Department of Energy is faced with the critical and complex decision of selecting technologies for waste site remediation. This research focuses on developing a decision support tool which assists the decision maker to find an optimal portfolio. A portfolio consists of selecting the appropriate processes for a remediation site and, subsequently, selecting a technology for each process so that the decision maker's objectives are achieved. The measures supporting the objectives are risk, life-cycle cost, and time required for remediation. The model uses exponential attribute utility functions with an additive objective function. The model provides the decision maker with estimates of the cost and time distributions, and their associated utility. Cumulative frequency distributions illustrate the dominance of technology choices and the variance in the results. The model permits sensitivity analysis in the form of rainbow and tornado diagrams to display the effects of changes in the values of the input variables. Overall, the model provides a generic technology selection tool that can be used to make better informed decisions and may be easily manipulated to reflect changes in the remediation process.     

Supply chain environmental management: Elements for success

As environmental concerns reach the corporate boardrooms and the offices of upper management, firms continue to struggle with improving environmental performance throughout the entire organization. While changing the environmental performance from within is difficult, it is even more difficult to move outside of the organization. This process is especially challenging as firms look to improve environmental performance throughout the entire supply chain.In this article, Steve Lippman, the program manager in the Business and Environmental Program at Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), reports on the latest thingking in supply chain environmental management. The article shares the lessons that BSR has learned from leading firms about the types of activities companies are undertaking to influence their suppliers, the characteristics of effective supply chain environmental management programs, and the key steps for initiating or expanding these activities.     

Phased local search for the maximum clique problem

This paper introduces Phased Local Search (PLS), a new stochastic reactive dynamic local search algorithm for the maximum clique problem. (PLS) interleaves sub-algorithms which alternate between sequences of iterative improvement, during which suitable vertices are added to the current clique, and plateau search, where vertices of the current clique are swapped with vertices not contained in the current clique. The sub-algorithms differ in their vertex selection techniques in that selection can be solely based on randomly selecting a vertex, randomly selecting within highest vertex degree or randomly selecting within vertex penalties that are dynamically adjusted during the search. In addition, the perturbation mechanism used to overcome search stagnation differs between the sub-algorithms. (PLS) has no problem instance dependent parameters and achieves state-of-the-art performance for the maximum clique problem over a large range of the commonly used DIMACS benchmark instances.     

关联方关系及其交易的信息披露问题

上市公司关联方关系及其交易一直是证券市场关注的热点问题,对这一事项的信息披露是财务报表附注中的一项重要内容.因为关联方关系及其交易不同于-般的公司间关系及交易,有其自身独具的特点,因而成为投资者决策的一条主要依据.从中报和年报的总体来看,大部分上市公司能够比较客观、清楚地披露该项事宜,但仍然有一些上市公司不能按照准则要求去做,在信息披露中暴露出一些问题.因此,不论关联方关系及其交易的信息披露还是关联交易本身都有待于进一步规范.     

Corporate philanthropic selection using data envelopment analysis

This paper presents a case study involving quantitative models for the selection of corporate philanthropic projects. The four analytic techniques used by this company for ranking and selecting philanthropic projects are all based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Instead of relaying only on one traditional DEA model, the four approaches employed in this study enable the decision maker to identify the most deserving school.     

Use of Multicriteria Decision Analysis to Support Weight of Evidence Evaluation

Weight of evidence (WOE) methods are key components of ecological and human health risk assessments. Most WOE applications rely on the qualitative integration of diverse lines of evidence (LOE) representing impact on ecological receptors and humans. Recent calls for transparency in assessments and justifiability of management decisions are pushing the community to consider quantitative methods for integrated risk assessment and management. This article compares and contrasts the type of information required for application of individual WOE techniques and the outcomes that they provide in ecological risk assessment and proposes a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework for integrating individual LOE in support of management decisions. The use of quantitative WOE techniques is illustrated for a hypothetical but realistic case study of selecting remedial alternatives at a contaminated aquatic site. Use of formal MCDA does not necessarily eliminate biases and judgment calls necessary for selecting remedial alternatives, but allows for transparent evaluation and fusion of individual LOE. It also provides justifiable methods for selecting remedial alternatives consistent with stakeholder and decision‐maker values.     

Alumni Relationship Management als Erfolgsfaktor im Wettbewerb der Hochschulen

Alumni Relationship Management is an important attribute in the increasingly competitive environment of German universities. Alumni are ambassadors of their alma mater and are part of its reputation. The retention of alumni is of further importance because it enhances the transfer between the academic’s and practitioner’s worlds and can contribute to a sound financial basis of universities. This empirical survey of alumni organisations of universities shows two general types of alumni organisations which can be differentiated by their parameters and activities. The success of alumni relationship management is reflected by professionalism of its organisation and the quality, which is determined by its acceptance of its members.     

基于平衡计分卡的CRM有效性评价模型研究

客户关系管理(CRM)是二十一世纪的主导战略之一.由于CRM的复杂性,目前对CRM有效性评价的研究还很少.考虑到平衡计分卡(BSC)的优点,本文建立了一个基于BSC的CRM有效性评价模型,该模型包含四个视角:客户知识、客户交互、客户价值、客户感知价值.通过对四个视角的作用分析,构造了四个视角的评价矩阵,并通过一个案例研究验证了该模型的可行性和有效性.     

Selection of Logistic Service Providers for the transportation of refrigerated goods

The aim of this article is to propose a decision model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the evaluation and selection of Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) for a refrigerated products company. The results indicated that quality, responsiveness and reliability are the most important criteria for selecting an LSP for the transportation of perishable refrigerated goods, considering contractor’s profile, which is based on protection of its brand and reputation in the market. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed to verify priority ranking stability. Therefore, this research illustrates how AHP model could be implemented to help the decision-making process for selecting third-party services in logistics for perishable refrigerated goods effectively.     

Job scheduling with dual criteria and sequence-dependent setups: mathematical versus genetic programming

Flexibility, speed, and efficiency are major challenges for operations managers in today's knowledge-intensive organizations. Such requirements are converted into three production scheduling criteria: (a) minimize the impact of setup times in flexible production lines when moving from one product to another, (b) minimize number of tardy jobs, and (c) minimize overall production time, or makespan, for a given set of products or services. There is a wide range of solution methodologies for such NP-hard scheduling problems. While mathematical programming models provide optimal solutions, they become too complex to model for large scheduling problems. Simultaneously, heuristic approaches are simpler and very often independent of the problem size, but provide “good” rather than optimal solutions. This paper proposes and compares two alternative solutions: 0-1 mixed integer linear programming and genetic programming. It also provides guidelines that can be used by practitioners in the process of selecting the appropriate scheduling methodology.