金融市场的多分形波动率测度、模型及其SPA检验

提出一种新的金融市场波动率的测度方法--多分形波动率(multifractal Volatilty)测度,并以上证综指在长达8年左右时间内的高频数据样本为例,构造了多分形波动率的ARFIMA动力学模型.同时,运用最近提出的SPA(superior predictive ability)检验法,实证对比了多分形波动率模型与现有的如实现波动率(realized volatility)模型、GARCH模型以及随机波动(stoclaastic volatility,SV)模型对市场波动预测能力的优劣.实证结果显示,在某些损失函数标准下,文中提出的多分形波动率测度及其动力学模型具有比现有其它模型更优的波动率刻画能力和预测精度.     

中国股票市场的最优波动率预测模型研究——基于沪深300指数高频数据的实证分析

以沪深300指数的高频数据为例,采用滚动时间窗的样本外预测以及SPA检验法,对比了基于日收益数据的历史波动率模型和基于高频数据的实现波动率模型的预测能力.主要实证结果显示,实现波动率模型以及加入附加解释变量的扩展随机波动模型是预测精度最高的波动模型,但在学术界和实务界流行的GARCH及其扩展模型对我国A股市场波动的预测能力较差.     

基于期权与高频数据信息的VaR度量研究

传统的市场风险度量模型没有充分利用期权与高频数据包含的信息,且主要基于单因子波动率模型,导致信息的损失以及模型缺乏足够的灵活性.本文基于灵活的双因子随机波动率模型,通过提取期权与高频数据包含的市场前瞻与当前信息,构建相应的市场风险度量波动率模型对在险值（VaR）进行度量.为了估计模型参数,建立基于连续粒子滤波的极大似然估计方法.采用iVX指数与已实现波动率测度（RV）作为上证50ETF期权与高频数据信息的代理,对构建的市场风险度量波动率模型进行了实证检验,结果表明：充分利用了期权与高频数据信息的双因子随机波动率模型能够在快速变化的市场环境中更好地估计波动率,相比其它波动率模型（仅利用了历史数据信息的GARCH模型、利用了高频数据信息的已实现GARCH模型以及利用了期权与高频数据信息的单因子随机波动率模型）具有更为优越的VaR度量精确性,尤其是极端风险情形下的VaR估计精确性改进明显,凸显了期权与高频数据信息以及双因子波动率在市场风险管理中的价值.     

沪深300股指期货的波动率预测模型研究

以沪深300股指期货仿真交易的5分钟高频数据为例,运用滚动时间窗的样本外预测和具有Bootstrap特性的SPA检验法,全面对比了基于日收益数据的历史波动率(historical volatility)模型和基于高频数据的已实现波动率(realized volatility)模型对波动率的刻画和预测能力.主要实证结果显示,已实现波动率模型以及加入附加解释变量的扩展随机波动模型是预测精度较高的波动模型,而在学术界和实务界常用的GARCH及其扩展模型对沪深300股指期货的波动率预测能力最弱.     

基于Skew-t-FIAPARCH的金融市场动态风险VaR测度研究

本文引入FIAPARCH模型刻画金融价格条件波动率特征,引入有偏学生t分布捕获收益率有偏特征,并以此来测度金融市场动态风险VaR;进而运用返回测试和动态分位数回归方法对风险测度模型准确性进行实证检验.结果表明,RiskMetrics和GARCH-N测度金融市场的风险的可靠性差;有偏学生t分布比正态分布、学生t分布更能准确反应金融收益分布实际特征,具有更高的风险测度能力;FIAPARCH-SKST展示出比其它模型具有绝对优越的风险测度效果.     

已实现波动GAS-HEAVY模型及其实证研究

引入日内高频数据计算的已实现波动，能够提高波动模型预测能力。本文将日收益和已实现波动联合建模，提出一种新的波动模型。选取尺度调整t分布和F分布作为日收益和已实现波动的分布，更为充分和灵活地捕捉厚尾性，采用得分驱动方法设定波动模型更新项，得出广义自回归得分（GAS）波动模型，提高对实际模型的逼近效率。本文对模型遍历性和平稳性进行证明，并与同类模型进行比较。蒙特卡罗模拟实验显示，在数据生成过程误设的情况下本文提出的GAS-HEAVY模型比同类模型具有更好的数据拟合效果。基于沪综指、深成指和沪深300指数2013.1至2017.4日内1分钟高频数据实证分析表明，不同损失函数的SPA检验下GAS-HEAVY模型的波动预测能力显著强于其它同类模型。本文给出的GAS-HEAVY模型为有关理论研究和市场应用提供了新的波动计量工具。     

股票收益随机波动模型研究

通过对金融资产时间序列数据特点的分析,指出GARCH模型在描述金融资产时序数据的局限,尝试用随机波动模型刻画股票收益的波动规律,采用GMM方法估计模型参数,并以上海证券交易所综合指数日收益率数据为样本,对沪市指数收益波动进行实证研究,探讨涨跌停板制度对股市波动的作用。     

典型事实约束下的上海燃油期货市场动态VaR测度研究

期货交易的高杠杆率意味着期货市场的高风险特征,而能源市场因其特殊的战略意义一直以来备受关注,因而对能源期货市场的风险测度对投资者和监管者都极其重要。本文对上海燃油期货构建了四个反映不同交割期限的连续价格序列,基于不同的金融市场典型事实分别运用GARCH、GJR、FIGARCH三个模型对波动率建模,并假设条件收益分别服从正态、学生t、有偏学生t(skst)分布进行动态风险价值(VaR)测度,然后运用严格的似然比(LR)检验和动态分位数回归(DQR)检验对风险测度的可靠性进行后验分析(Backtesting),尝试从中提取出在风险管理中最有应用价值的典型事实。研究发现:(1)基于skst分布的波动模型的动态风险测度准确性明显优于其他分布下的相同模型;(2)基于杠杆效应的GJR模型和基于长记忆性的FIGARCH模型并没有表现出比普通GARCH模型更高的精度;(3)远期合约的市场平均收益更高,风险测度比近期合约更准确。     

基于多分形波动率测度的权证定价方法研究

金融复杂性研究表明,无论是成熟资本市场还是新兴资本市场,其价格波动除了具有时变、聚类和杠杆效应等典型特征外,还普遍具有更复杂的多分形特征.以中国股票市场中的4只认购权证为例,通过深入考察并充分提炼股价多分形分析过程中产生的对定量描述价格波动有益的统计信息,提出一种新的金融市场波动率测度,即多分形波动率,并进一步探讨其在权证定价领域中的实际应用.实证结果表明,中国股票市场的股价波动确实具有明显的多分形特征;且在B-S定价模型框架下,多分形波动率测度具有比常用的GARCH波动率测度和EGARCH波动率测度更优异的权证定价精度.     

经济政策不确定性与我国股市波动率预测研究

股票市场的波动与实体经济走势以及宏观经济政策密切相关.因此,以Baker的经济政策不确定性(economic policy uncertainty,EPU)指数和我国股市代表性的股价指数——上证综指为对象,运用广义自回归条件异方差混频数据抽样(GARCH-MIDAS)模型,分析了经济政策不确定性对上证综指波动率的影响,并运用该模型与常见的多种GARCH族模型进行了样本外波动率预测的对比研究.实证结果表明,EPU指数能够很好地解释我国股市波动的长期成分,并显著改善对上证综指波动率的预测精度;同时,模型信度集合(model confidence set,MCS)检验结果进一步证实,基于混频数据的GARCH-MIDAS模型能显著打败常见的多种GARCH族模型.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.