我国计划生育是否只奖不罚了

我国的计划生育政策从20世纪70年代开始全面推行。在长期实践中,人口和计划生育工作逐步形成了奖励和处罚并举的工作方法。各地的《人口与计划生育条例》都有对实行计划生育的夫妻给予奖励、对违反政策法规生育的夫妻进行行政制约和经济限制的规定。但由于国家财力有限等原因,计划生育奖励优惠不完善, 已有的政策也未能完全落实到位,出现了重“罚”轻“奖”的情况。 2000年《中共中央国务院关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》明确提出,要建立和完善计划生育利益导向机制,落实对实行计划生育家庭的奖励和优惠政策,解除群众实行计划生育的后顾之忧。 2001年出台的《人口与计划生育法》专门对此进行规定,对实行计划生育的夫妻给予奖励,并建立健全社会     

浙江计划生育利益导向的现状与思考

浙江省自推行计划生育工作以来,一直比较重视利益导向的引导作用。原《浙江省计划生育条例》和2002年出台并实施的《浙江省人口与计划生育条例》在利益导向方面都有诸多的创新之举,基层在实践中也积累了丰富的经验,特别是上个世纪90年代和21世纪前三年,各地因地制宜地出台了许多政策和措施,对于深入开展计划生育工作和进一步稳定低生育水平产生了重要的作用。然而,浙江省人口与计划生育条例规定的利益导向措施,针对城镇干部职工是明确的,而对于农村农民的奖励和优先优惠多为授权性规定,制订具体政策的主体是县市区。     

农村干部对计划生育奖励扶助政策的认知与评价——基于对吉林省部分农村地区的调查

调查表明,农村基层干部普遍对计划生育奖励扶助政策的作用给予高度评价,对奖励扶助对象规定的合理性持基本肯定态度。大多数干部认为,奖励扶助政策在推动群众生育观念转变、纠正出生性别比失调、稳定人们政策生育行为和促进计划生育工作开展等方面不同程度地发挥了作用。奖励扶助政策对于一些农民家庭转变为城市户口的意愿产生微弱的抑制作用。提高奖励扶助标准、扩大奖励扶助对象范围、政策能够持续和降低享受奖励扶助政策的最低年龄等,是农村干部对改进完善计划生育奖励扶助制度的主要建议。     

建立健全计划生育奖励和社会保障制度的调查与思考

《人口与计划生育法》明确指出：“国家依靠宣传教育、科学技术进步、综合服务、建立健全奖励和社会保障制度，开展人口与计划生育工作”，并对建立健全奖励和社会保障制度做出了明确的规定。如何在广大农村通过健全利益导向机制和社会保障机制，从根本上解决人口问题、稳定低生育水平，是新时期人口计划生育机制创新的重要内容。２００２年初，我们对青岛市黄岛区建立计划生育奖励和社会保障机制情况进行了深入调查，并引发了对建立健全奖励和社会保障制度的一些新思考。一、青岛市黄岛区计划生育奖励和社会保障制度的特点黄岛区是青岛市的…     

建立人口与计划生育基金 实现计生奖励与社会保障对接

积极落实各项计生奖励政策，努力建立和完善计生社会保障措施，认真解决群众实行计划生育的后顾之忧，减轻实行计划生育家庭的负担，已成为新时期稳定低生育水平、转变广大群众婚育观念的重要措施和广大人民群众的迫切要求，是新时期人口与计划生育工作实现“两个转变”的必然选择。湖北省黄石市下陆区人口与计划生育局在区委、政府的大力支持下，积极筹建人口与计划生育基金，实现计生各项奖励政策与社会保障制度的对接，探索出一条计划生育综合改革的新路子。 为了满足社会主义市场经济条件下落实计生奖励政策和新时期建立计生保障制度的…     

临江市启动冬春“关爱女孩”宣传教育活动

辽宁省普兰店市人民政府出台《实施办法》中规定，“符合《辽宁省人口与计划生育条例》规定可以生育第二个子女．但自愿终身只生一个，且办理了《独生子女父母光荣证》的计划生育家庭，财政一次性奖励300元”。     

进一步搞好计划生育的一项可操作性对策建议

就公民个人来讲,按政策和规定生育是生育者的义务,违背政策和规定生育不是生育者的权利,生育者违背计划生育政策和规定,应在多方面受到制裁;就各部门、各行业来讲,由于计划生育是国家的基本国策,因此,计划生育也是各部门、各行业的一项基本任务,各部门、各行业有责任与计划生育部门紧密配合,共同搞好计划生育工作.     

全国农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度试点工作进展

2004年2月以来,地方各级党委、政府及相关部门认真贯彻落实《国务院办公厅转发人口计生委财政部关于开展对农村部分计划生育家庭实行奖励扶助制度试点工作意见的通知》,积极推进试点工作,取得重要进展。一、主要进展(一)明确界定了奖励扶助对象的确认条件。奖励扶助制度的目标人群是30年前响应号召实行计划生育的农民,时间跨度大,婚姻、生育史复杂。按照国办文件要求,本着尊重历史、从严把握,使资格确认有利于人口计生工作,有利于保持生育政策的连续性,有利于奖励扶助制度长期稳定执行的原则,人口计生委就奖励扶助对象的确认条件做出具体政…     

把生育服务证制度改革一抓到底

生育服务证制度是计划生育服务管理的一项基本制度。30多年来,这项制度在落实计划生育基本国策、保障群众计划生育权利、维护正常的生育秩序等方面发挥了非常重要的作用。当前,我国人口发展与计划生育工作形势发生了重要变化,迫切需要根据新的形势改革生育服务证制度。要提高思想认识,切实增强改革生育服务证制度的责任感和紧迫感。生育服务证制度改革涉及千家万户,与群众利益密切相连,既是全面深化改革、稳妥扎实有序实施单独两孩政策的迫切需     

计划生育奖励政策落实难现象应引起关注——关于江苏省昆山市计划生育奖励政策执行情况的调查与思考

《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》(以下简称《法》)已于2002年9月1日起正式施行,《江苏省计划生育条例》(以下简称《条例》)也于2002年12月1日起正式施行。根据《法》和《条例》的规定,公民必须依法履行计划生育的义务,公民同时应依法享受计划生育的奖励优惠政策。然而,公民的这一权利尚不能完全享受,特别是在非公企业尤为突出,群众反映强烈。 为此江苏省昆山市对独生子女父母奖励政策执行情况进行了专项调查。     

Spiritual civilization in family planning advocated by government

The National Conference on Exchange of Experience in the Building of Socialist Spiritual Civilization in the Implementation of the Family Planning Program met recently to focus on ways to help the people of China understand and support the family planning policies of the government and to change their childbearing concept. Spiritual civilization in the implementation of the family planning program can be summarized in terms of "4 educations:" the people should be united by a common ideal to carry out family planning conscientiously; the new morale and custom in the practice of family planning should be fostered and developed among the people; knowledge about population theory and family planning technology should be popularized; and the people should be guided to observe family planning regulations and policies. More than 80 papers were presented at the meeting. The experience of Keshan County in the Heilongjiang Province emerges as typical. The people's childbearing concept in Keshan County has undergone a radical change as a result of longterm education. This is the case, although this county's economic development is no better than the national average.     

Grasp the work of family planning by unifying thinking and stabilizing the policy

The China Population Information and Research Center reported that in 1988 the number of childbearing women between 20 and 49 was 4.65 million above 1987, but the population growth rate was 0.19 lower than in 1987. Controlling the population is still a difficult problem. The 3rd baby boom of New China; economic, cultural, social, and other factors; and the uneven progress of family planning are cited as causes of the lack of control. The 13th Party's Congress in 1989 plans to work to reform family planning and control population growth. In particular, late marriages and childbearing will be promoted; in cities, one-child-per- couple will be policy; in rural areas, only girl households will be allowed another child only after several years; local family planning regulations will be supported; and research on family planning and safer, longer acting contraceptives will be financed.     

惠州市计划生育综合改革的思考①

惠州市人口和计划生育综合改革十年的实践说明,从统治范式到治理范式的转变,是人口和计划生育工作作为社会公共事务的现实选择和必然需求;它不仅是工作理念上的变革,而且是工作机制、工作方式和工作手段的根本性变革,带来的是计划生育中私人理性和公共理性矛盾的化解、社会的和谐、群众的满意和支持。     

计划生育利益导向政策对生育行为的影响

基于中国各省成文以来的计划生育政策和生育选择数据，本文建立了计划生育利益导向政策对生育数量影响效应的面板模型。计量结果显示：利益导向政策对生育数量有着显著的负向影响，但影响程度远不及经济社会因素对生育数量的影响，更不及生育约束政策对生育数量的影响；利益导向政策内部不同措施出现与政策设计相背离的情况。基于此，本文提出了多推行易于落实的利益导向政策、改变利益导向政策的作用范围、政策设计区分不同目标群体的需求以及维护政府公信力等四条有效提升利益导向政策导向作用的建议。     

A better future is ahead of us

China's family planning program is implemented under the unified leadership of the Chinese government. The main responsibilities under this program are to set up and strengthen family planning offices at all levels, formulate relevent laws and regulations, work out programs, principles, and policies for population growth, carry out intensive publicity and education, speed up scientific and technological research on family planning, and mobilize all the people and related departments to support the work of family planning. Family planning in China is practised on a voluntary basis. Education on patriotism is conducted among the people to enable them to see that strict control of population growth and conscious practice of family planning according to policy have a crucial bearing on China's prosperity and well being. As shown in practice, China has not only succeeded in maintaining sustained and steady economic growth, but has also succeeded in drastically reducing the population birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, and in extending average life expectancy. This demonstrates the superiority of China's socialist system. To control the growth of the population is an extremely arduous task. However, as long as China keeps to a practical and effective policy, the goal of keeping the total population at around 1.2 billion by the end of the century can be attained.     

独生子女比例、婚育意愿变动对未来政策生育率的影响

苏州市是我国计划生育政策执行得最早、最严格的地区之一,也是我国经济最为发达的地区之一.目前苏州市第一代独生子女大规模进入婚育年龄,使得政策生育率自然升高,同时经济的迅猛发展使得独生子女的婚姻观念发生深刻的变化.本文试探将婚育人口独生子女比例、婚育意愿等因素纳入预测模型,以期使得预测方法和结论更加准确.文章认为,未来15年苏州政策生育率上升0.415,而考虑婚育意愿后,现实的生育率上升仅0.23,终身生育率仍在1.5个以下,人口再生产将长期处于低生育水平.     

Understanding and implementing the Party's policies on family planning accurately in an all-around way]

Recently, the Party's Central Committee held numerous meetings to study the problem of family planning. The main goal of these meetings was to find a correct family planning policy, which should be based on common sense, support from the people, and reasonable work from the cadres. Family planning policies and regulations should be realistic and creative. In the implementation of policies, different methods should be adopted for varied situations, and there should also be appropriate guiding principles for different categories. To cope with a new situation, creative methods and approaches should be chosen in order to implement the family planning policy. The correct method will ensure complete implementation of the policy. In family planning work, the first step is the improvement of ideological education, so that the people may have a correct understanding of the need for family planning. In the technical management work of family planning, a constant improvement in the quality of service should be the goal. Through practical working experience in family planning, some rules and regulations will be found, and they should be used to promote the management level and the level of family planning work in general.     

计划生育家庭福利政策改革思路研究

随着经济体制变革、社会结构变动、利益格局调整等不断深化,传统家庭功能面临严峻挑战,计划生育家庭问题尤为突出。家庭是国外为数不多的福利扩张领域,也应是我国福利"增长"的优先领域。计划生育家庭福利改革框架包括三个层面:一是针对因执行计划生育国策而产生的确定性风险或不足,在养老保障个人账户下建立计生子账户,实现国家补贴直接送达家庭;二是针对因特有概率事件而形成的不确定性风险建立政策性生育保险,并覆盖农村育龄群体;三是明确计划生育/生殖健康服务作为国家基本公共服务的属性。     

论加强党校人口理论教研工作

广东是一个人口大省 ,加强党校人口理论教研工作 ,促进各级干部对计划生育重要性的认识 ,是提高广东计划生育工作水平的重要途径。本文在论述加强党校人口理论教研工作的必要性的基础上 ,论述了党校人口理论教研的内容、方法。     

A new study of China's population control during the past ten years

This paper summarizes the control of population in China in the past 10 years and the changes that are occurring. Recently, an increase in the number of family members has directly influenced socioeconomic status by increasing family income and improving living conditions. Rural families have no incentives to control the number of children born. The cyclic effect of the 1962-73 baby boom is also causing a recent surge in population. China has studied these problems and has taken the following measures: new family planning systems have been established; population has been controlled macroscopically and flexibility is allowed at an individual level; governmental family planning organizations have been set up and financed; family planning education has been increased; family planning services have been enforced; incentives and restrictions have been implemented. China must work as a whole to enact and enforce these policies. Families must show restraint in childbearing. The only way for this to be accomplished is by decreasing the socioeconomic incentives to have children. Finally, reforms should be in tune with changing situations.