试析伊拉克经济重建之难点

伊战结束至今已一年多了，但战后的伊经济重建却进展缓慢，原因是伊经济重建是一项庞大系统工程，美国事先对其难度估计不足，也缺乏具体计划；伊资金严重缺乏，债务负担沉重；伊安全形势严峻，重建工作雪上加霜；美独家主导重建的做法使许多国家对参与重建的兴趣不高；伊政治过渡进程一波三折，且各派利益斗争激烈。尽管这种局势对伊经济重建产生了一定的消极影响，但考虑到重建额大、周期长、利润丰厚，且伊石油储量丰富，各国对伊重建前景仍然看好。     

美对伊战争目的与伊重建

美英于3月20日对伊发动了战争,5月1日,布什总统宣布在伊的"大规模战斗"已经结束.至此,美结束了其"改造"伊拉克的第一阶段行动;第二阶段的工作是重建和掌控伊拉克,从中获取丰厚的经济利益;第三阶段是在伊建立美式民主制度,作为样板供中东各国效仿.但战后,伊社会状况混乱,民不聊生,伊重建将面临诸多困难.     

中国企业参与伊重建的思考与建议--浅谈中国化工企业进军伊重建市场

伊拉克油气资源丰富,对世界各大企业很具诱惑力.伊战后,美虽欲独占伊重建市场,但可能性不大.中国企业应加强与伊及其周边国家的联系,努力通过间接渠道进入伊重建市场.     

美对伊战争目的与伊重建

美英于3月20日对伊发动了战争，5月1日，布什总统宣布在伊的“大规模战斗”已经结束。至此，美结束了其“改造”伊拉克的第一阶段行动；第二阶段的工作是重建和掌控伊拉克，从中获取丰厚的经济利益；第三阶段是在伊建立美式民主制度，作为样板供中东各国效仿。但战后，伊社会状况混乱，民不聊生，伊重建将面临诸多困难。     

伊拉克重建中国家认同之缺失

战后伊拉克教派暴力冲突不断,国家濒临内战边缘,重建深陷安全困境,折射出伊国家认同的严重缺失.伊各派势力的利益纷争、美国强力改造伊拉克、某些周边阿拉伯-伊斯兰势力的介入等内外因素导致伊重建的严重受挫.伊加强中央政府权威,美调整对伊政策,以及有关各方回到联合国框架下推动伊重建,才有可能解除伊重建中的安全困局,而重构国家认同更是伊拉克的当务之急.     

伊拉克战后经济重建之机遇与挑战

2003年的伊拉克战争使国际局势发生了深刻变化，其战后重建正在并将继续对国际关系产生重大影响。伊战后重建最本质的问题是其民生改善及与相关国家政府间的经济行为，本文拟从经济视角考量伊战后重建中其国内的发展态势、与国际社会的互动及中国在其中的作为。     

伊拉克战后经济重建之机遇与挑战

2003年的伊拉克战争使国际局势发生了深刻变化，其战后重建正在并将继续对国际关系产生重大影响。伊战后重建最本质的问题是其民生改善及与相关国家政府间的经济行为，本文拟从经济视角考量伊战后重建中其国内的发展态势、与国际社会的互动及中国在其中的作为。     

伊拉克战后库尔德人分离主义倾向的变化与发展

建立自己的独立国家是伊拉克库尔德人多年来的政治目标.伊拉克战争结束后,面对周边国家对于库尔德分离倾向的压力和反对,再加上库尔德地区内部存在各种问题,库尔德领导人在伊战后政治重建中采取了务实的态度.为争取更大程度的区域自治,他们在宪法草案中确定了伊拉克国家的联邦主义性质.并利用和美国政府的密切关系,在伊过渡政府中占据了大量重要职位.但这并不意味着库尔德人彻底放弃了分离主义目标.从目前来看,库尔德人对分离主义的取舍将和伊战后重建的成败紧密联系在一起.如果伊战后重建最终失败并爆发内战,库尔德人依然会寻求自己的独立道路.     

伊拉克重建中的美国优势和挑战

美国在伊拉克重建中有优势,也面临挑战.优势有地缘和经济优势;挑战主要体现在社会秩序、政治和经济重建三个方面.如美国继续撇开联合国和国际社会,不顾中东地区的宗教、种族、历史和文化等实际情况而大张旗鼓的改造、整合伊拉克,把伊重建打上"美国造"标记,必会遇到更多严峻挑战.     

中国企业参与伊重建的思考与建议——浅谈中国化工企业进军伊重建市场

伊拉克油气资源丰富，对世界各大企业很具诱惑力。伊战后，美虽欲独占伊重建市场，但可能性不大。中国企业应加强与伊及其周边国家的联系，努力通过间接渠道进入伊重建市场。     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹，城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市，2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望，然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意，没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义，每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题，把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

学龄儿童健康行为研究方法述评

学龄儿童健康行为研究越来越得到重视,在未来周期性的研究中也面临着在快速发展的背景下保持较高质量、在有限的财政资源情况下持续提高、使趋势分析与修改问卷内容相适应、满足科学受众和政策受众的不同要求等挑战,因此,完善其研究方法成为当前迫切需要。     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

Structuring of manual of orientations and technical information for laundries of industries of animal products origin

This study looked for to lift information regarding laundries inserted in industries of animal products origin, to understand the activities developed in the section and to structure a Manual of Planning and Technical Information for laundries to industries of animal products origin, with the intention of subsidizing the planning, structuring and control of this work place, because norms or regulations that supervise don't exist or aid their managers and workers as for the operation of this work place.     

The impact of generation and country of origin on the mental health of children of immigrants

The authors reexamine the study of generational differences in adjustment among the children of immigrants by arguing that the country of origin defines and shapes the adaptation process across generations. Using a sample of children in Toronto, the authors demonstrate that generational differences in the mental health of children occur only in families from countries of origin at the lowest levels of economic development. Among those at the lowest levels of economic development, a mental health advantage in the first generation evolves to a disadvantage in the 2.5 generation relative to third or later generational children. Children from backgrounds characterized by higher economic development show no initial or eventual differences from the native born. Using data from the Toronto Study of Intact Families, the authors are able to explain differences among children from low economic development backgrounds specifically in terms of increasing family conflict and decreasing school involvement across generations.