基于最差情况的最优消费和投资策略

在假设证券收益存在有界不确定干扰和考虑交易费用的情况下 ,基于微分对策理论 ,研究了最差情况下的最优消费和投资策略问题 .首先 ,建立了最优消费和投资决策的微分对策模型 ;其次 ,证明了该微分对策模型存在唯一的值函数 ,并根据微分对策理论推导出了值函数满足的 IB偏微分方程 ;再次 ,基于微分对策值函数 ,给出了最差情况下的最优消费和投资策略 ;最后 ,给出了 IB偏微分方程解析解的一种求解方法 ,并对解的性质做了初步探讨     

一类稀疏投资组合双层参数估计模型及其应用

带基约束的投资组合问题是近年来投资组合领域的热点问题，但是参数不确定性直接影响了模型的效果。带基约束的投资组合问题所涉及的参数不仅包括以往研究认为非常重要的预期收益率，还包括控制投资组合规模的稀疏度，尤其是最优稀疏度估计方面的专门研究还十分匮乏。为了使带基约束的投资组合模型更好地为投资决策服务，本文从投资者效用出发，用双层规划的思想构建了带基约束的投资组合双层参数估计模型。然后根据模型的特点，设计了无导数优化算法框架，并基于ADMM对算法子问题进行求解。本文实验针对真实的市场数据给出了预期收益率和最优稀疏度的估计，接着通过与等权重策略和含上下界约束的均值-方差模型进行比较，说明了模型及算法的有效性和实用性。最后，将本文提出的双层参数估计模型推广到了更一般的形式。     

投资组合中多目标规划最优化数学模型的应用

本文通过对证券组合投资的预期收益率和投资风险进行综合定量分析,建立了证券组合投资的预期收益率和投资风险进行综合定量分析,建立了证券组合投资的预期收益率和投资风险两个目标均达到最优的多目标规划模型,并对模型进行分析,最后通过案例给出了模型的最优解。     

分形布朗运动下最优投保和消费策略

基于Merton的最优消费和投资组合模型,通过假设风险资产的价格变化服从几何分形布朗运动,探讨了一类具有人寿保险的最优投资消费问题.首先根据投资者在整个生命周期的消费和投保效用期望值最大的原则,利用贝尔曼动态规划原理,建立了最优投保和消费策略模型.然后在给定消费和遗赠评价效用函数的情况下,给出了最优投保和消费的闭式解,并获得了最优投资组合受模型参数变化影响的一些重要性质.最后,通过数值例子讨论了时间间隔、赫斯特指数变化时最优投保和最大期望效用的变化趋势.     

基于Benders分解算法的跨区互联电力系统协调规划模型

研究跨区互联电力系统的协调规划,对于提高投资效率实现更大范围的资源配置具有较强现实意义。本文首先描述多区域电力系统扩张规划问题,并建立多区域扩张规划模型,旨在寻求最优的扩容方案,以最小投入来满足多区域电力系统负荷增长需求;其次,采用Benders分解算法将多区域扩张规划问题分解为一个规划主问题和一个运行子问题,通过主子问题之间的迭代求解,获得最终的最优解;最后,对某个典型的包含7个区域的多区域电力系统进行模拟仿真,验证了本文所构建模型及算法的有效性。     

基于系统最优的城市公交专用道网络设计模型及算法

设置公交专用道是实现"公交优先"的重要手段,然而,专用道设置将改变不同交通方式的道路通行能力,进而影响交通网络的整体性能。本文试图提出一种基于系统最优思想的公交专用道网络设计方法,既保证出行者的利益,又能满足交通系统总费用最优的目标。首先,本文分析了公交专用道设置对公交车辆和社会车辆这两种交通方式道路通行能力的影响,基于经典的BPR函数,构造了考虑专用道设置的不同方式的路段阻抗函数。其次,分析了出行者在多方式交通网络中的模式选择和路径选择问题,采用用户平衡理论分析了城市多方式交通平衡配流问题,给出了相应的变分不等式模型。更进一步,采用双层规划方法构造了基于系统最优的城市公交专用道网络设计模型,该模型以交通网络总费用最小为优化目标,并考虑了不同交通方式的平衡流量约束,采用分支定界算法对该双层规划模型进行求解。最后,通过一个简单算例对模型及算法的可行性和有效性进行了分析和验证。     

基于随机运输路径选择的物流中心选址模型

旨在以物流系统总费用最小化为目标进行物流中心选址规划.政府做出物流中心选址规划后,客户会选择合适的供应商进行交易,并根据已有物流中心与交通流分布进行货物运输路线决策,使其总费用最少.论文提出了物流中心选址双层规划模型,考虑投资费用的约束,保证用户平衡的同时使整个物流系统总费用最低.其中上层规划目标是使物流系统总费用最小化,下层规划建立了一个Logit随机用户均衡模型,并构造了一个等价的凸规划问题.最后针对模型提出了一个算法,并通过算例说明其可行性.     

现实约束下多阶段模糊投资组合的时间一致性策略研究

考虑交易成本约束、借款约束、阈值约束、收益需求约束和基数约束,本文提出多阶段均值—标准下半方差模糊投资组合模型并讨论了该模型的时间一致性最优投资策略。具体如下：首先,基于可能性理论,将模型转化为非线性动态优化问题;由于标准半方差是不可离散的,模型的最优解不具有时间一致性。其次,为获得时间一致的最优投资策略,本文采用博弈论,将该模型转化为时间一致性动态优化问题,并运用离散近似迭代方法求解。最后,通过具体算例比较不同风险偏好系数、不同基数约束和不同借款约束的最优投资策略,以验证模型和算法的有效性。     

城市应急系统优化选址决策模型和算法

以往的应急系统选址模型仅仅考虑在一个确定应急限制期下的选址问题.但是,在城市规划决策中,应急限制期和应急服务设施点建立的费用(数目)都相当重要.针对这个特点,提出了应急限制期下的应急选址模型,并提出了基于分支定界方法的应急选址模型的最优解.该算法利用FLPS′(k)的最优解为起点,进而获得FLPS′(k+1)的最优解,大大减少了计算量.     

绿色供应链管理中有举报行为的政企博弈分析

研究绿色供应链管理中有举报行为的政企博弈,从而为我国政府主管部门在制定具体监管政策及措施时提供一个模型与定量的方法。应用博弈论方法来研究绿色供应链中的政企关系,为绿色供应链管理提供了一些有益的启发。对模型做了基本假设,考虑了消费者的举报行为,根据不同情况,分别得出纳什均衡解和混合策略最优化解。对比分析了是否存在举报行为的最优策略解,阐述了举报行为对博弈双方的策略选择的影响。总结了模型的最优策略解,并在此基础提出了政府主管部门在具体监管策略制定上如何运用该定量分析工具。     

求解非线性二层规划问题的模拟植物生长算法

本文以植物向光性生长理论为启发式准则,提出了一种求解非线性二层规划问题的智能优化算法。在该算法中,将二层规划上层解空间和下层反应集分别作为植物的两个生长环境,建立以生长规则为基础的植物系统演绎方式和以植物向光性理论为基础的概率生长模型,两者结合所形成的优化模式,实现了模拟植物从初始状态到完整形式的终态(没有新的树枝生长),从而得到二层规划问题的解。该方法具有搜索精度较高,求解稳定性较强的特点,通过与国外学者在非线性二层规划实际测试问题的最优值进行精度比较,表明模拟植物生长算法是有效可行的。     

A market regulation bilevel problem: A case study of the Mexican petrochemical industry

In this paper, a bilevel programming model is proposed to study a problem of market regulation through government intervention. One of the main characteristics of the problem herein analyzed is that the government monopolizes the raw material in one industry, and competes in another industry with private firms for the production of commodities. Under this scheme, the government controls a state-owned firm to balance the market; that is, to minimize the difference between the produced and demanded commodities. On the other hand, a regulatory organization that coordinates private firms aims to maximize the total profit by deciding the amount of raw material bought from the a state-owned firm. Two equivalent single-level reformulations are proposed to solve the problem. The first reformulation is based on the strong duality condition of the lower level and results in a continuous non-linear model. The second reformulation resorts to the complementarity slackness optimality constraints yielding a mixed-integer linear model. Additionally, three heuristic algorithms are designed to obtain good-quality solutions with low computational effort. In this problem, the feasible region of the dual problem associated to the follower is independent from the leader’s decision. Therefore, the proposed heuristics exploit this particular characteristic of the bilevel model. Moreover, the third heuristic hybridizes the other two algorithms to enhance its performance. Extensive computational experimentation is carried out to measure the efficiency of the proposed solution methodologies. A case study based on the Mexican petrochemical industry is presented. Additional instances generated from the case study are considered to validate the robustness of the proposed heuristic algorithms. Numerical results indicate that the hybrid algorithm outperforms the other two heuristics. However, all of them demonstrate to be good alternatives for solving the problem. Additionally, optimal solutions of all the instances are obtained by using good quality solutions (given by the hybrid algorithm) as initial solutions when solving the second reformulation via a general purpose solver.     

多级政府间的教育投入博弈分析与决策

本文采用完全信息动态博弈研究了三级政府的教育投入模型,分别为各级政府提出了决策。在该模型中,市政府先行动,接着省政府行动,最后中央政府行动。本文首先描述了基本模型;然后采用动态博弈分析了教育投入;最后,提出了最优解的算法,并举例说明各级政府怎样去做决策。     

寿险定价的线性优化模型

实际的金融市场中存在多种不同期限的利率。在定义最大累积函数的基础上建立了一个称为“收支问题”的线性规划模型,这个模型的最优值刻画了合理安排保费资金的投资期限所能够达到的最大保险支付水平,从而给出了多利率条件下寿险费率的计算依据。使用局部优化方法证明了收支问题最优解的两个性质,这些性质说明在满足保险支出的条件下,保险收入资金应该优先考虑期限较长（即利率较大）的投资。对于典型的寿险产品模型,给出了最优解的结构,针对两个具体实例列出了计算结果。结果表明,在保险费率的计算中,起主要作用的是最大期限的利率,其次是不同利率的一个综合水平。     

A Soft-Path Solution to Risk Reduction by Modeling Medical Waste Disposal Center Location-Allocation Optimization

The risk of medical waste pollution and huge demand of daily medical waste disposal pose great difficulties to medical waste management. Establishing medical waste disposal centers (MWDCs) is considered one of the ways to reduce the environmental and public risk of medical waste pollution. However, how to serve the medical waste disposal demand in optimal MWDCs’ locations is a key challenge due to the complexity of the whole system and relationships among stakeholders. This article develops a soft-path solution for reducing risks as well as mitigating the related costs by optimizing the MWDC location-allocation problem. A risk mitigation-oriented bilevel equilibrium optimization model is developed for modeling the Stackelberg game behavior between the local government and the medical institutions. The objectives of the local government are minimizing the total risk of loss, the subsidy costs, and the investment cost of building the MWDCs, while minimizing the disposal and transportation costs are the objectives at the medical institution level. Fuzzy random variables are introduced by combining insufficient historical data with expert knowledge via consulting surveys to describe the coexisting uncertainties in the data. To solve the model, a hybrid approach combined with the interactive fuzzy programming technique and an Entropy-Boltzmann selection-based genetic algorithm are designed and tested. The Chengdu Medical Waste Disposal Centers Planning Project is used as a practical application. The results show that it is possible to achieve a balanced market with higher economic efficiency and significantly reduced risk through an appropriate principle of interactive actions between the bilevel stakeholders.     

On linear bilevel problems with multiple objectives at the lower level

Bilevel programming problems provide a framework to deal with decision processes involving two decision makers with a hierarchical structure. They are characterized by the existence of two optimization problems in which the constraint region of the upper level problem is implicitly determined by the lower level optimization problem. This paper focuses on bilevel problems for which the lower level problem is a linear multiobjective program and constraints at both levels define polyhedra. This bilevel problem is reformulated as an optimization problem over a nonconvex region given by a union of faces of the polyhedron defined by all constraints. This reformulation is obtained when dealing with efficient solutions as well as weakly efficient solutions for the lower level problem. Assuming that the upper level objective function is quasiconcave, then an extreme point exists which solves the problem. An exact and a metaheuristic algorithm are developed and their performance is analyzed and compared.     

不允许卖空下证券投资组合的区间二次规划问题

本文基于经典的Markowitz均值-方差模型,针对市场上不允许卖空的情况,提出了证券投资组合的区间二次规划模型,通过应用区间数排序方法(区间序关系、区间可能度和区间可接受度),给出了两种证券投资组合的区间非线性优化的数学转化模型,从而将不确定性证券投资组合模型转化为确定性的证券投资组合二次规划模型进行求解,并对由本文给出的三种求解方法与传统方法进行了比较。     

公交系统随机平衡网络设计模型及求解算法

本文根据公交网络的具体特点,对公交网络进行了系统的描述,提出一个双层规划模型来描述随机平衡公交网络设计问题。在双层规划模型中,上层模型为一个标准的公交网络设计模型,下层模型是一个公交网络随机平衡配流模型。针对所提出的模型,设计了基于灵敏度分析的求解算法。最后,给出一个简单算例加以证明。     

A bilevel programming problem with maximization of a supermodular function in the lower level

In bilevel programming there are two decision makers, the leader and the follower, who act in a hierarchy. In this paper we deal with a bilevel problem where the follower maximizes a supermodular function. The payoff for the leader is given by the weighted set that is chosen by the follower. To increase his payoff the leader can increase the supermodular function of the follower by a modular one, thus influencing the follower’s decision, but he has to pay a penalty for this. We want to find an optimum strategy for the leader. This is a bilevel programming problem with continuous variables in the upper level and a parametric supermodular maximization problem in the lower level. We analyze the structure of the bilevel problem. This we use to provide an equivalent one-level combinatorial problem. Finally, we investigate the properties of the new problem.     

非流动性市场中的跨期最优消费和投资策略

本文在Merton跨期最优消费和资产组合的理论框架内引入非流动性资产,构造了一个三资产的连续时间经济模型,探讨流动性约束对投资者最优消费和投资决策的影响。本文用动态规划方法给出了跨期优化问题的解析解。数值分析表明对投资者而言,非流动性资产的真实价值低于其市值,必须引入影子价格来刻划这种流动性效应;流动性约束降低了投资者的福利,并且显著地影响到投资者的消费和投资策略。