基于资源观的企业IT能力理论及实证研究

本文研究目的是探讨企业IT能力的构成、测量及其提升问题.基于我国信息化实践背景,以企业资源观(Resource-based View)为理论依据,提出IT能力构成维度的概念模型,设计问卷及测量问题,并进行了数据收集以及信度、效度检验等实证研究对理论模型予以验证.最后,根据数据分析结果,为企业建立IT能力给出一系列的指导建议,从而有助于通过IT应用获取竞争优势.     

基于资源观的企业IT能力与企业绩效研究

在企业广泛应用信息技术提高竞争能力之际,信息化如何给企业带来效益一直是国内外研究的热点问题.在回顾相关文献的基础上,利用基于资源观的概念框架分析企业IT资源,建立企业IT能力模型;采用配对样本比较和统计检验方法,对企业IT能力与企业绩效之间的关系进行实证分析.研究结果表明,具有卓越IT能力的企业会表现出更好的绩效,这些企业具有显著较高的营业净利率、总资产收益率、净资产收益率和人均净利润.企业不仅需要进行IT投资,更重要的是把IT投资内化为整个企业的IT能力,只有这样IT才会更好地给企业带来效益,这有助于指导中国企业信息化工程的建设和论证.     

组织学习在信息技术应用中的作用分析

基于资源基础观,传统的研究将企业信息技术视为战略性资源,在投入产出分析范式的基础上探讨其应用效率问题。本文在现有研究的基础上分析组织能力因素对信息技术资源价值实现过程的影响机制,探讨组织学习能力对信息技术资源与组织绩效之间关系的中介作用和调节作用。根据238家企业的调查数据,进行了结构方程模型和层级回归分析,结果表明:组织学习能力对信息技术资源和组织绩效之间的关系既发挥部分中介作用,也发挥正向调节作用。因此,组织学习能力有助于实现并提升IT资源的商业价值。本文的分析补充了现有研究成果,对于企业管理实践也有参考价值。     

信息技术战略价值及实现机制的实证研究

为研究信息技术战略价值及其实现机制,基于企业资源观、竞争战略理论和核心能力理论,构建了信息技术资源、信息技术应用能力、战略层面的信息系统能力、环境动态性和企业绩效之间关系的研究模型,应用结构方程模型对233家中国企业的调查问卷进行数据分析和模型拟合.研究结果表明信息技术资源和信息技术应用能力都无法直接影响企业绩效,其战...     

IT能力、界面管理与顾客创新

在解构IT能力维度的基础上,构建出新产品开发活动中企业IT能力、界面管理和顾客创新之间关系的理论框架模型并提出相应假设,以江苏省的高新技术企业为调研对象,运用结构方程模型的方法对所获数据进行实证分析.结果表明,IT基础设施对IT技术能力、IT人员能力均具有显著的积极影响;IT技术能力和IT人员能力对顾客创新具有显著的积极影响;界面管理在IT技术能力、IT人员能力影响顾客创新的关系中具有积极的调节效应.     

IT能力理论文献综述

20世纪90年代中期,资源基础观在IS研究领域的应用,将人们对IT投资的商业价值评价转移到了对IT能力的研究。国内外学者对IT能力概念、IT能力构成及其与企业绩效关系或影响机制的研究各有不同的解释,文章就IT能力理论的研究现状进行了较全面的介绍并进行综合评述。     

信息技术资源和信息技术能力的互补性及其绩效影响

信息技术资源和信息技术能力之间的关系是明确信息技术价值实现机理的基础。本文基于资源基础理论、竞争战略理论和核心能力理论,构建了信息技术资源、信息技术能力、信息系统支持企业竞争战略、信息系统支持企业核心能力和企业绩效之间关系的理论模型,研究信息技术资源和信息技术能力在信息技术价值实现过程中的互补性以及其对企业绩效的影响机理。利用层次回归分析方法对296份中国企业的实际调查数据进行了数据分析和模型拟合。研究结果表明信息技术资源和信息技术能力在信息技术价值实现过程中具有互补性,而且两者之间的互补性通过信息系统支持企业竞争战略和信息系统支持企业核心能力等中介变量间接影响企业绩效。     

企业规划与信息系统规划战略一致性实证研究

以战略匹配模型(SAM) 及其在企业活动中的过程模型为研究对象,探讨了企业规划(BP) 和信息系统规划( ISP) 战略一致性程度与企业内外环境、企业所采取的竞争战略方向、ISP 的战 略地位以及IT 对企业业绩的贡献等因素间的关系,并运用中国企业数据进行了实证分析. 结 果表明,企业高层的战略规划意识以及利用IT 整合企业资源的能力与BP2ISP 战略一致性程度 和企业业绩密切相关,是企业获取竞争优势的重要因素.     

企业IT能力系统动态演变的分析模型研究

揭示企业IT能力的演变规律,有助于把握影响IT能力系统的关键因素,从而提高企业信息系统的应用效果。本文以系统观为基础,依据协同学理论,讨论了企业IT能力系统的概念及其构成,探讨了企业IT能力系统的协同特征,提出了企业IT能力成熟度作为企业IT能力系统序参量的五种状态特征,并建立了企业IT能力系统的序参量方程,最后构造了该系统动态演化机制理论模型。     

企业IT绩效与组织结构维度关系的实证研究

本文在对相关领域已有研究成果作了综述的基础上,对企业信息技术(IT)绩效进行了定义,并提出了一套用于分析企业IT绩效与组织结构维度关系的评价指标体系,接着利用Kendall相关分析方法以及两步聚类分析方法结合指标体系进行了实证研究。研究结果显示,企业IT绩效与组织结构维度的相关关系是显著的,结构性维度的改善有利于IT绩效的提高,从而促进组织绩效的改善。     

A Resource‐Based View of Strategic IT Alignment: How Knowledge Sharing Creates Competitive Advantage

A critical decision problem for top management, and the focus of this study, is whether the CEO (chief executive officer) and CIO (chief information officer) should commit their time to formal planning with the expectation of producing an information technology (IT)‐based competitive advantage. Using the perspective of the resource‐based view, a model is presented that examines how strategic IT alignment can produce enhanced organizational strategies that yield competitive advantage. One hundred sixty‐one CIOs provided data using a postal survey. Results supported seven of the eight hypotheses. They showed that information intensity is an important antecedent to strategic IT alignment, that strategic IT alignment is best explained by multiple constructs which operationalize both process and content measures, and that alignment between the IT plan and the business plan is significantly related to the use of IT for competitive advantage. Study results raise questions about the effect of CEO participation, which appears to be the weak link in the process, and also about the perception of the CIO on the importance of CEO involvement. The paper contributes to our understanding of how knowledge sharing in the alignment process contributes to the creation of superior organizational strategies, provides a framework of the alignment‐performance relationship, and furnishes several new constructs.     

An Exploratory Analysis of the Value of the Skills of IT Personnel: Their Relationship to IS Infrastructure and Competitive Advantage

Determining and assessing the requisite skills of information technology (IT) personnel have become critical as the value of IT has risen in modern organizations. In addition to technical skills traditionally expected of IT personnel, softer skills like managerial, business, and interpersonal skills have been increasingly cited in previous studies as mandatory for these employees. This paper uses a typology of IT personnel skills—technology management skills, business functional skills, interpersonal skills, and technical skills—and investigates their relationships to two information systems (IS) success variables, IS infrastructure flexibility and the competitive advantage provided by IS. The study investigates these relationships using the perceptions of chief information officers (CIOs) from mostly Fortune 2000 companies. The contributions of this study are: IT personnel skills do affect IS success, technical skills are viewed as the most important skill set in affecting IS infrastructure flexibility and competitive advantage, and modularity is viewed as more valuable to competitive advantage than integration. Several explanations are offered for the lack of positive relationships between the softer IT personnel skills and the dimensions of IS success used in this study.     

Performance effects of IT capability, service process innovation, and the mediating role of customer service

Few academic studies have investigated how information technology (IT) capability and service process innovation can create performance gains for firms through customer service. We propose that customer service is a significant mediator through which IT capability and service process innovation influence the performance of a firm, and that IT capability is also a critical factor that facilitates service process innovation. Empirical support for our argument was derived from data collected from 174 firms in the Taiwan IT industry. The results suggest that managerial initiatives should be directed at developing IT capability and service process innovation and leveraging them to facilitate customer service to attain superior firm performance. Furthermore, greater IT capability would lead to a higher degree of service process innovation.     

Competitive and Cooperative Positioning in Supply Chain Logistics Relationships*

Cooperative logistics relationships require the sharing of information, which must be enabled by the integration of disparate information systems across partners. In this article, we theorize business‐to‐business logistics relationships should be managed using cooperative and competitive postures. Based on data from 91 dyadic relationships using interorganizational information technology (IT), we find that performance gains accrue when parties share strategic information and customize IT; mutual trust enables IT customization and strategic‐information flows and equitable relationship‐specific investments positively impact IT customization, mutual trust, and performance. Among other scholarly and practical implications discussed, partners should compete on resources for IT customization and cooperate to share strategic information. Managers tend to think of relationships with firms as polar opposites and view them as entirely cooperative or entirely competitive. Our results support active balancing and understanding of both competitive and cooperative stances. Such an approach enables conditions for participation symmetry that yields greater performance gains.     

信息技术、核心能力和企业绩效的实证研究

信息技术增强企业竞争力的机理是有效提升企业信息技术应用水平的重要前提。基于核心能力理论构建信息技术资源和信息技术应用能力通过企业核心能力这一中介变量影响企业绩效的理论模型,并考虑环境动态性在信息技术增强企业竞争力过程中的调节效应,应用偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型,对中国296家企业的问卷调查数据进行分析。研究结果表明,在不考虑环境动态性的情况下,无论是信息技术资源还是信息技术应用能力都无法直接影响企业绩效,信息技术必须通过支持企业核心能力间接影响企业绩效;环境动态性在信息技术增强企业竞争力过程中有显著的调节作用,不同环境下信息技术影响企业绩效的机理是不同的,在稳定环境下企业信息技术应用的重点是获取支持核心能力的信息技术资源,在动态环境下企业更应该构建信息技术应用能力,才能实现对不断变化的核心能力的持续支持,进而提升企业绩效。     

The Alignment between Organizational Critical Success Factors and Information Technology Capability in Academic Institutions*

Alignment between organizational critical success factors (CSFs) and competencies is widely believed to improve performance. This study examines the performance implications of alignment between CSFs and one source of competence, the organization's information technology (IT) capability. The effects of three antecedent factors–environmental uncertainty, integration, and IT management sophistication–are also examined. This paper uses survey data from 244 large academic institutions, along with some secondary data. Following the profile deviation approach to measure alignment, the academic institutions are divided into three clusters based on their CSFs: the academic comprehensives, the reputed giants, and the small educators. The ideal profile of IT capability is next developed for each cluster in terms of four dimensions: information retrieval, electronic communication, computing facilities for students, and computer-aided education. Alignment is then computed for each institution as the proximity of its IT capability profile from the ideal IT capability profile for the cluster to which it belongs. The results suggest that alignment facilitates both perceived IT success and organizational performance. Moreover, sophisticated IT management facilitates both alignment and perceived IT success, environmental uncertainty facilitates perceived IT success but not alignment, and integration facilitates neither alignment nor perceived IT success.     

The Effect of Board of Directors’ IT Awareness on CIO Compensation and Firm Performance

Chief information officers (CIOs) play increasingly strategic roles in firms in this competitive global economy, which is now largely powered by information technology (IT). However, research has shown a lack of board of directors’ oversight on CIO‐ and IT‐related issues. Drawing on agency, resource dependence, and alignment theories, we investigate the effect of board of directors’ IT awareness on CIO compensation structure and firm performance. We conduct cross‐sectional time series analyses of data collected from various sources. Our study underlines three important findings. First, we show that some commonly known executive compensation determinants, such as individual characteristics and governance structure, do not have significant effects on CIO compensation structure. Second, with regard to CIO compensation structure, firms respond to increasing information asymmetry differently according to the level of IT awareness of their boards. Finally, firms perform better when their boards have higher levels of IT awareness, and this positive effect of IT awareness is considerably larger in IT intensive industries. Overall, our study provides empirical support for the important role of boards’ IT awareness in shaping CIO compensation and improving firm performance. Our results suggest that boards with functional area knowledge—or higher IT awareness in this case—can more effectively monitor and better incentivize executives, and consequently lead to better firm performance.