民族生“三语习得”过程中的干扰因素及对策研究——以青海民族大学藏族学生为例

“三语习得”概念的提出始于20世纪80年代末期,并逐渐在许多国家和地区开展.由于中国多种语言并存,其句法句型结构等均具有典型性,在藏族聚居区尤为突出.在民族地区三语习得教育实践中,本文认为三语习得认知能力、汉语言、三语习得与二语习得差异的模糊认识等因素影响民族学生“三语习得”的效果,针对存在的问题而提出相应的对策和建议,以期提高民族生三语的培养质量.     

中美外语教育比较对我国少数民族外语教学的启示

作者在赴美华盛顿州西雅图高中进行汉语语言教学、传播中国文化期间,体会到了美国外语教育在外语教学地位、课堂教学模式、外语教育政策、外语教师培训等方面与中国外语教育的诸多异同,这些异同值得我们思考、借鉴.针对我国少数民族地区外语教育现状的科学分析,如对少数民族地区外语教育政策、师资培训等方面采取科学有效措施,将有助于我国少数民族地区少数民族三语人才的培养,发展民族地区经济,促进中国少数民族走向世界.     

辽宁阜新县民族教育改革迈出新步伐

阜新蒙古族自治县有蒙古族13万人,小聚居,大分散。从这一特点出发,阜新县发展民族教育不搞“一刀切”,因地制宜地采取以下三种办学措施: 一、在蒙古、汉族杂散居地区的普通中小学设蒙生班或临时蒙古文授课班。这些班级以汉语授课为主,增设一门蒙古语文课,并设有专用教室,以保证蒙古语文教学的正常进行。二、在以汉语授课为主的民族中、小学,除学好蒙古文课以外,其它科教学时可以用蒙古语辅助教学,以便学生听懂听好。三、在蒙古族聚居地区的民族学校,采用蒙古语文课本,用蒙古语讲课,由小学二年级开始设一门汉文课。     

西班牙巴斯克自治区的双语和多语教育

双语和多语教育是民族教育理论和实践的重要内容,也是民族教育中较独特的重要问题。西班牙巴斯克自治区双语和多语教育理论和教学实践在过去30多年里日趋成熟和完善。其中,当地政府语言教育政策的法制化和大量物力支持发挥了核心作用。巴斯克自治区双语和多语教育的先进经验,对于其他国家民族地区双语乃至多语教育具有很好的借鉴意义。     

撒拉语的濒危状况及原因分析

本文根据在撒拉族地区的田野调查,时撒拉语的濒危状况及濒危原因作了分析,以期能对我国人口较少民族的语言保护工作有一定的帮助.     

语言的和谐与发展：贵州少数民族三语教育研究——以黔南布依族苗族自治州都匀市阳和水族乡阳和中心校为个案

阳和乡是贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州水族聚居地之一，本文以阳和中心校为对象，考察了当地三语教育状况，并从侧面了解双语使用情况，最后总结了民族地区三语教育的特点，并指出其存在的问题。     

色绕龙哇藏语初探

具有一千三百多年历史的藏文,是图米·三布扎仿照印度字母符号,根据当时藏语的实际情况,创制的一套藏族人民的共同书面语。它是一种表音位的拼音文字,至今仍是藏族人民共同使用的书面语。陈宗祥、江道远二位同志在《我国西南民族地区板屋建筑初探》一文中指出:被图内外学者称为民族的‘南北通道’、‘卫藏走廊’.我国的民族学家、社会学家费孝通先     

论开办人口较少民族语言广播的必要性——以西藏人口较少民族为例

人口较少民族同样享有使用和发展其语言的自由.然而,人口较少民族的民族语言在实际发展中面临了诸多困难,很难进入大众传媒的传播体系.目前,尚无专门使用门巴语、珞巴语的大众传媒.发展门巴语、珞巴语广播顺应保障文化多样性、语言多样性的世界潮流,同时也为我国政府实践人口较少民族的文化权利提供了珍贵样本.     

论民族地区独立学院实践教学体系的构建

实践教学是培养学生创新精神和实践能力的一种非常有效的教学形式。民族地区独立学院要认真学习、不断探索,进一步完善实践教学体系,才能缩短与国内外高等院校的差距。本文将从国内外大学实践教学研究的经验、民族地区独立学院实践教学体系构建的原则、民族地区独立学院实践教学体系构建的思路三方面论民族地区独立学院实践教学体系的构建。     

论民族地区独立学院实践教学体系的构建

实践教学是培养学生创新精神和实践能力的一种非常有效的教学形式。民族地区独立学院要认真学习、不断探索,进一步完善实践教学体系,才能缩短与国内外高等院校的差距。本文将从国内外大学实践教学研究的经验、民族地区独立学院实践教学体系构建的原则、民族地区独立学院实践教学体系构建的思路三方面论民族地区独立学院实践教学体系的构建。     

论民族自治地方立法公众参与机制的完善

The legislative public participation in ethnic minority autonomous areas has its legal basis. The fifth regulation in the lifa fa ( The Leg-islative Law ) of China makes a general require-ment on public participation in legislation. In order to ensure the effective participation of the public in legislation, some ethnic minority autonomous re-gions have outlined some requirements on public comment, demonstration, and hearing during the legislative process through autonomous regulations. These ethnic minority autonomous areas are com-prised of both autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties. However, the breadth and depth of the public participation in legislation in ethnic minority auton-omous areas is inadequate, and a perfect mecha-nism of public participation in legislation in ethnic minority autonomous areas has yet to be formed. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects:1 ) The relevant laws of public participation in leg-islation have not been perfected;2 ) The enthusi-asm of public participation in legislation is not high;3) Legislative information is not fully open, and the feedback mechanism has not been perfec-ted;4 ) The limited approach for public participa-tion in legislation, and the lack of ethnic and re-gional characteristics. To improve the mechanism of public partici-pation in the legislation of ethnic minority autono-mous areas, we can start with the following:1 ) Improving the legal regulation of public participation in the legislation of ethnic minority
autonomous areas The state and the ethnic minority autonomous areas should develop operational laws of public participation, so as to provide a legal basis for the public’s participation. The ethnic minority autono-mous areas should fully integrate the actual situa-tion of the local ethnic people and create autono-mous regulations with local characteristics, protect public participation rights, and promote public participation in legislation in an orderly and effec-tive manner. 2 ) Improving the level of enthusiasm forpublic participation in ethnic minority autonomous areas From a subjective standpoint, correct ideas on public participation in legislation in ethnic minority autonomous areas should be cultivated. Firstly, the awareness of the public participation in legislation in ethnic minority autonomous areas should be pro-moted . Secondly the autonomous organ’s concept of legislation should be changed. From an objective point of view, on the one hand, we should vigor-ously promote the development of the economy in ethnic minority autonomous areas. On the other hand, we should make great efforts to promote the development of civil society. 3 ) Improving dissemination of information and feedback mechanisms for public participation in legislation of ethnic minority autonomous areas The dissemination of information publicity and feedback mechanism of the public participation in-ethnic minority autonomous areas should be estab-lished on the basis of two-way communication and
consultation between the autonomous organs and the population of all ethnic groups in ethnic minori-ty autonomous areas. Autonomous bodies fully dis-close all kinds of legislative information to the pub-lic, from whom the autonomous bodies obtain legis-lative views, through to the legislative information feedback to complete the legislative interaction be-tween the two sides. 4 ) Developing and expanding effective meth-ods of public participation in the legislation of eth-nic minority autonomous areas The effective methods of public participation in the legislation of ethnic minority autonomous ar-eas can be considered from two standpoints:The first is the endogenous mode of public participation in legislation. This means, according to its own objective conditions and actual needs, relying on the inner force of the autonomous bodies and the populations of all ethnic groups, the ethnic minori-ty autonomous areas can explore and innovate suit-able methods for the local legislation of public par-ticipation. The second is the exogenous mode of public participation in legislation. This means, in order to expand the public participation in the leg-
islation, ethnic minority autonomous areas learn, understand, and borrow some foreign public partic-ipation methods and techniques, making it a suit-able method for local public participation in legis-lation.     

民族地区网红经济的生成逻辑、演化路径与经济社会影响研究

网红是随着互联网发展而出现的一种新兴群体,随之产生的网红经济是一种新型商业模式。近年来,随着互联网的普及和脱贫攻坚战的推进,我国民族地区网红经济发展速度迅猛。网红经济在帮助民族地区民众增收脱贫和推动地方经济发展方面发挥了重要作用。文章结合网红经济的生成逻辑和演化路径,对民族地区网红经济的生成逻辑、演化路径进行了探究,分析了网红经济对民族地区经济社会的影响,摸清了网红经济在民族地区发展遇到的困境,并从基础设施建设、质量监管体系、特色民族文化等角度提出相关政策建议。     

中国民族间发展的多重差异格局与差别化、协同性政策开发研究——论中国民族关系的新形态与民族政策的新体系

After 60 years of implementation, the ethnic regional autonomous policy has provided basic political support for promoting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. Especially since the period of “Reform and Open-ing Up” began, the national preferential policies and support for ethnic minority areas gradually in-creased, and economic and social development in the ethnic minority areas clearly speeded up. Ac-cording to official statistics, after more than 30 years of “Reform and Opening Up”, the economic growth rate of China’s ethnic minority areas is high-er than the national average. However, at the same time , the economic and social development gap be-tween different ethnic groups has become more and more pronounced. The development of the ethnic groups has created a structure of multiple dispari-ties, which fundamentally restricts ethnic unity, as well as political and social stability in ethnic areas of China. This structure of multiple disparities re-flects the imbalances mainly in four aspects: 1 ) the ongoing large gap between the ethnic minority areas and Han Chinese regions remains; 2 ) the unequal economic and social development among the various ethnic minority people has expanded;3 ) the economic gap within the same ethnic minor-ity autonomous region has gradually become more pronounced;and, 4 ) the differences in develop-ment within the same ethnic group who live in vari-ous regions of China are also very obvious. The multiple inequalities of the economic and social development of China’s ethnic groups add more complexity to the ethnic problems of China. The disparity in economic and social development between different ethnic groups is not only an eco-nomic problem, but is also a significant political issue. Hence, promoting a balanced economic and social development among the various ethnic groups has a very obvious practical significance for main-taining ethnic unity, promoting national integra-tion, and maintaining national stability . Based on the discussion above, this article mainly explores which kind of ethnic policy can ef-fectively resolve the multiple disparities found with-in ethnic development and is beneficial for promo-ting the integration of the various ethnic groups in China? On the basis of summarizing and reviewing approaches found in earlier research, the author puts forward the following core ideas:1 ) The economic and social development differences of various ethnic groups have formed a pattern of multiple disparities in China, and it is no longer simply a gap between the Han and ethnic minorities. Since the implementation of the “Re-form and Opening Up” policy, the differentiation or disparity between China’s ethnic minorities has become more and more pronounced—this phenom-enon constitutes a new challenge to China’s ethnic unity and national unification. Therefore, we must adjust ethnic policy in order to solve the “true problem” or “new problem” concerning China’s ethnic problem. 2 ) The multi-faceted disparities found in the economic and social development among China’s ethnic minorities result from many factors, inclu-ding institutional, policy, historical, geographical, cultural, and psychological. Therefore, we must realize a diversity of ethnic policy, and build a comprehensive ethnic policy system. 3 ) For the purpose of realizing the integration and state construction of the ethnic groups, in ad-dition to implementing the current policy of differ-entiation, we must also ensure a “four balanced and coordinated development”. This includes a balance between the Han areas and ethnic minority areas, a balance among the various ethnic minori-ties themselves, a balance within the same ethnic minority areas, and a balance within the same eth-nic group who live in different areas. This requires the central government to strengthen a double dif-ferentiation and collaborative orientation of ethnic policies concerning the market, labor, resources, technology, and capital.     

多维视角下民族地区规模性返贫风险的表征、缘由及对策

我国实现全面脱贫后,推动巩固全面脱贫成果与实施乡村振兴战略的接续发展是过渡时期的主要任务,而防止发生规模性返贫风险则是其中的关键一环。一直以来,民族地区都是我国组成部分的关键点和薄弱点,也是规模性返贫风险的易发地区。基于多维视角,发现民族地区规模性返贫风险呈现出区域性、群体性、联动性等特征,从生态性、政策性、发展性等因素深度剖析其发生缘由,进而从相应角度提出创新民族地区生态扶贫方式、完善民族地区返贫风险治理政策体系框架、建构民族地区新内生发展模式等针对性对策,以防止民族地区发生规模性返贫风险。     

交通基础设施与民族地区高质量发展——来自高铁开通的证据

交通基础设施的持续完善,是我国民族地区实现高质量发展的重要基础支撑。以高铁开通作为民族地区交通基础设施改善的准自然实验,结合2004~2018年民族八省区地级城市的经济社会发展数据,采用渐进性双重差分模型,实证检验了交通基础设施对我国民族地区高质量发展的影响,结果显示:民族地区的高铁建设具有选择性,高铁发展阶段、城市规模、以及与规划骨干网的距离均有可能影响所在城市的高铁开通;整体来看,高铁开通对民族地区的高质量发展具有积极影响,且高铁的影响既表现出显著的“节点效应”,又展现了较强的“场所效应”;从影响的异质性看,高铁规模和新建站点对高质量发展的影响会分别随城市财政实力的增强和人口密度的增加而增大,体现出影响的“马太效应”;从影响的动态性看,在高铁开通的第三年,其对城市高质量发展的影响开始变得显著,至第五年累积影响则达到最大,其后快速衰减,显示出高铁影响高质量发展的时滞性和阶段性;从影响的机制看,高铁开通可通过交通改善机制和投资激发机制促进民族地区的高质量发展,且当前投资激发机制所具有的中介作用更大;基于有效挖掘“高铁红利”考量,研究结果蕴含的政策含义包括:进一步加强民族地区的高铁建设;完善高铁站点周边的配套基础设施建设;增强高铁配套设施建设资金的保障力度。     

中国民族地区自我发展能力构建研究

自我发展能力的构建是新时期西部大开发战略的重要着力点。西部地区是我国少数民族聚居地区,因此,增强西部地区自我发展能力首先要增强民族地区的自我发展能力。文章首先提出了一个分析自我发展能力的框架,基于这一分析框架,对民族地区自我发展能力进行了评估,认为民族地区自我发展能力尽管已有较大幅度提升,但发展不足,自我发展能力低,自生能力弱,依然是民族地区经济社会发展面临的重要的内源性制约因素。在这一分析基础上,文章提出了增强民族地区自我发展能力的战略措施和相关政策建议。     

海南少数民族地区教育移民研究

本文针对海南少数民族地区的教育移民现象产生的理论基础,实施的背景、教育移民的方式、存在的问题进行了系统阐述,并结合问题提出相关对策,以期对我国其他地区的民族教育发展提供借鉴。     

中国少数民族地区工业化的演进与结构变迁研究

文章分析了民族地区工业化的路径、历程和工业结构的演变。认为移植型工业化和嫁接型工业化是民族地区工业化的两条基本路径,这两种工业化相互补充,相互支持,共同推动了民族地区的工业化进程。文章把民族地区1949年以来的工业化划分为四个时期,在每个时期,中央政府和民族地区地方政府根据民族地区在全国经济社会发展宏观格局中的战略分工与民族地区各族人民对工业品的需求,民族地区工业化表现出相应的特点。文章指出,伴随着民族地区工业化的推进,工业结构发生了重大变化,并从轻重工业结构、规模结构、经济类型结构和行业结构等方面分析了民族地区工业结构的演变及特征。文章特别指出,目前民族地区对资源型工业的依赖在加大。[关键词]民族地区：移植型工业化：嫁接型工业化：工业结构     

试论改土归流后土家族地区的开发

清雍正年间对土家族地区的改土归流 ,是土家族历史上划时代的变革 ,伴随着改土归流的实施 ,清政府对土家族地区开始了大规模的开发 ,这种涉及经济、社会、文化多方面的开发 ,大大推动了土家族地区的发展 ,促进了土家族的进步和我国统一的多民族国家的巩固与发展。与此同时 ,片面的农耕垦殖 ,使土家族地区传统的多元经济体系被打破 ,并在一定程度上造成了水土流失加重 ,地力下降 ,动植物资源减少 ,水旱灾害增多。清政府对土家族文化一些不合理的变更 ,也影响了土家族文化的发展。当今土家族地区的大开发必须借鉴历史经验和教训