"制度"与"人"是互补还是替代?高绩效人力资源管理系统和领导支持对员工关系型心理契约的影响

基于意义建构的视角,本文从员工对制度和领导提供支持的意义建构来探讨员工关系型心理契约的建立,对现有文献中关于制度和领导提供的支持之间是替代还是互补关系的分歧进行了初步探索.基于141家企业的1985名员工的分析结果表明,员工感知到的高绩效人力资源管理系统、领导支持和员工成长型工作价值观三者共同影响员工关系型心理契约的建立.对于低成长型工作价值观的员工来说,其感知到的高绩效人力资源管理系统和领导支持相互替代影响关系型心理契约的建立,而对于高成长型工作价值观的员工来说,其感知到的高绩效人力资源管理系统和领导支持相互互补影响关系型心理契约建立的假设并没有得到支持.本文不仅为制度和领导的交互作用、心理契约以及战略人力资源管理等研究领域提供了新的视角,而且还回答了"如何更好地利用制度和领导来帮助员工建立关系型心理契约"这一重要的实践问题.     

差序式领导何以影响员工从失败中学习：妒忌感的中介作用

基于社会交换理论和情感事件理论,构建以妒忌感为中介变量、职业韧性为调节变量的理论模型,探索差序式领导与失败学习间的作用机制。由实证分析可知:差序式领导与员工失败学习呈正相关关系;员工妒忌间接影响了差序式领导与员工失败学习的正相关关系,起到正向的中介效应;职业韧性负向调节了差序式领导和员工妒忌的正关系。     

最佳人力资源管理实践、员工行为与企业绩效的关系研究

本文首先建立中国企业最佳人力资源管理实践、员工行为与企业绩效三者关系的理论模型;然后,设计调查问卷,调研不同的中国企业;再运用因子分析法对问卷的信度和效度进行检验,并进一步分析三者之间的相关程度;最后运用层次分析法验证员工行为的中介效用。研究结果表明:有效招募、培训开发、员工参与、雇佣安全、合理薪酬、公平机制、自我管理的团队均是中国企业的最佳人力资源管理实践,最佳人力资源管理实践与员工行为显著正相关,员工行为是最佳人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间的中介变量。     

公司员工绩效考核存在问题及解决思路

人力资源管理是现代企业管理的重要组成部分,关系着企业的稳定发展,而员工绩效考核作为人力资源管理的重要手段,在充分调动员工积极性、最大程度发挥员工潜能方面有着不可替代的作用。为此,企业应建立健全员工绩效考核体系,将其贯穿于人力资源管理的各个环节,以发掘和培养优秀人才为目标,服务于企业持续稳定发展,不断提高企业核心竞争力。本文以XX公司为例,对XX公司员工绩效考核存在的问题及解决思路进行分析。     

差序式领导方式下组织成员行为取向研究

差序式领导是独具华人文化特色的领导风格,领导者将组织成员归类为"自己人"与"外人",并采取不同的对待方式。对此,可以以差序式领导方式的文化基础与内涵为基础,从下属与领导之间的互动关系及下属与同事之间的互动关系两个方面来探讨差序式领导方式与组织成员行为取向的关联性,系统地总结差序式领导方式下组织成员行为取向对员工个人效能的影响。     

员工-组织类亲情交换关系对亲组织非伦理行为的影响研究北大核心CSSCI

亲组织非伦理行为违背了可持续发展理念,可能会使组织遭受名誉和利益的双重损失。因此在中国文化背景下探究其形成机制及影响因素,可有效规避其产生,对中国组织的长足发展大有裨益。本文基于自我归类理论,以52家家族式管理的初创期民营企业为样本,探讨中国组织中员工-组织类亲情交换关系对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响,探索内在机理和边界条件。研究发现,员工-组织类亲情交换关系会正向影响员工的亲组织非伦理行为,内部人身份认知在类亲情交换关系和亲组织非伦理行为的关系中起部分中介作用,员工所感知到的差序式领导的程度会正向调节内部人身份认知的中介作用。通过结论,为中国组织有效干预员工的亲组织非伦理行为提供借鉴和思路。     

关于企业文化实施的几个想法

别老想着给人家“洗脑”在开放和信息化的环境下,如果企业的制度和管理不合理,造成了一些问题,很难以简单的思想教育式的“企业文化建设”来解决问题。如果不注意这个前提,企业文化建设一定会变成一个“博傻”游戏。在一定程度上,思想的教育、疏导和激发是有用的。比如,要在管理中向员工说明白,“企业是什么”、“企业与员工的关系是什么”、“员工如何建立契约意识”、“忠诚与凝聚力是怎样来的”等等。     

烟草企业员工综合评价体系构建实践——以雅安市烟草专卖局(公司)为例

随着现代企业管理体系建设的不断深入,烟草企业对“人”的管理提出了新的要求,构建起既适合行业特点和管理需要,又有利于推动管理变革的员工价值评估体系,显得越来越重要.雅安烟草将员工综合评价体系作为牵动人力资源管理变革的“牛鼻子”,大胆探索、积极实践,取得了较好的管理成效. 构建员工综合评价体系的必要性 构建员工综合评价体系,基于三方面因素的驱动.     

外商投资企业人力资源管理与绩效关系研究

根据对62 家制造业外商投资企业的调查结果,分析了人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之 间的关系. 研究发现,企业绩效不仅同人力资源管理与企业战略的整合程度有关,而且同企业 使用的“高绩效”人力资源管理系统之间存在积极的联系.     

投资型人力资源管理系统与企业绩效的关系研究

本文根据对中国116家企业的人力资源实践状况的调查结果,分析了人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间的关系.本文通过因素分析.揭示了投资型人力资源管理系统的内容结构,同时基于人力资源实践的组合,划分了高低水平人力资源实践组别并对其进行了比较.接着本文进行了相关分析和回归分析,分析投资型人力资源管理系统、人力资源战略整合与企业绩效之间的关系.研究发现,企业绩效不仅与部分人力资本投资活动存在积极的联系.而且与人力资源管理系统和企业战略的整合程度有关.论文的研究结果增加了我们在高绩效工作系统方面的知识.为当前我国企业的人力资源管理实践提供了重要的启发.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.     

The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11-32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

Control at work: a generalized resource factor for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms?

During the last two decades two potent groups of predictors for work-related musculoskeletal problems have been identified: physical work load and poor psychosocial working conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects. In this study the buffering effect of control at work with respect to the negative effects of psychological demands and physical work load on musculoskeletal problems is examined. All study variables were sampled from 431 people working in geriatric nursing homes in Germany by means of questionnaires. Main effects and interactions were tested with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that control buffered the effects of high psychological demands, but not of high physical work load; the buffering effect of control was observed only when physical work load was low. The combined effects of demands and physical work load were over-additive. Thus, the power of different predictors for musculoskeletal symptoms depended on the level of other predictors. This suggests that the efficiency of certain strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal problems is likely to depend on the level of risk factors, with different strategies being appropriate for different levels of risk.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.