从分配迈向治理——均衡性转移支付与基本公共服务均等化感知

基于公式化分配的均衡性转移支付,不断推进各地基本公共服务供给能力均等化,但还不能保障居民感知层面的均等,均衡性转移支付需要迈向提升人民群众获得感的制度化治理.本文从充分性和平衡性两个视角刻画基本公共服务均等化感知,构建均衡性转移支付实现基本公共服务均等化的治理逻辑,主要围绕"转移支付→支出行为→均等化感知"主线,重点考察公众参与、社会监督和绩效激励产生的调节效应.研究发现:(1)均衡性转移支付增强了居民充分性感知,但对平衡性感知的影响不显著;(2)民生服务支出有利于提升居民充分性感知,交通运输支出有利于提升居民平衡性感知,但均衡性转移支付对这两类支出占比提升存在显著抑制;(3)适度的公众参与能够改善均衡性转移支付对基本公共服务均等化感知的积极影响,但社会监督和绩效激励两类调节效应并不显著.结果 表明:均衡性转移支付提升居民对基本公共服务均等化的感知水平,引导地方政府公共服务支出行为是关键,激发公众参与、强化社会监督和完善绩效激励是重点.     

公共服务绩效评价中公众参与的效度研究——来自Z市基层警察服务的实证分析

本文立足"公众评价是否基于实际业绩做出"的理论争议,采用Z市基层警察服务绩效评价的问卷调查数据和机构记录数据,借助公众感知来检验实际业绩与公众评价之间的关系,以为公众有效参与公共服务绩效评价提供理论支撑,也为公共服务供给中"政府与公众的良性互动"奠定基础。研究发现,实际业绩对公众评价具有显著影响,公众评价并非毫无根据,公众对公共服务绩效的评价不是评不准,而是评价的对象和内容要找准。同时,公众感知与非服务性因素对公众评价的显著影响表明,开展公众评价尚需关注公众感知,非服务因素影响公众评价并不否定公众评价本身的效度。     

公众社区参与意愿对危化品危害利益相关者感知的影响

面对危化品危害,政府及相关单位面临着日益严峻的既要保证公众知情,又要避免信息过度传播的难题,"信任"是导致这种沟通困境的重要因素。为解决危害信息有效沟通问题,从重构公众与政府之间信任关系的角度入手,以公众利益相关者感知衡量信任,探究公众社区参与意愿对利益相关者感知的影响关系,并将社区参与分为代表单向沟通的仪式性参与和代表双向沟通的实质性参与。研究结果表明:公众社区参与意愿有利于提升公众危化品危害利益相关者感知,特别是仪式性参与意愿的直接作用效果更为显著;实质性参与意愿和危害利益相关者感知的关系中,预决策过程起到完全中介的作用;危化品危害知识在社区参与意愿和利益相关者感知的影响关系中起到显著的正向调节作用,特别是在预决策过程与利益相关者感知的影响路径中。研究结论为构建公众和政府之间的信任关系,进而为缓解危化品危害信息沟通难题提供理论支撑和实践价值。     

政府绩效、社区能力与居民幸福感——基于深圳与厦门的数据考察

目前有关居民幸福感影响机制的研究,对政府绩效与社区能力关注不够。笔者基于深圳和厦门的调查数据,从政府绩效和社区能力两个角度考察了其对居民幸福感的影响路径。研究发现:政府绩效和社区能力均对居民幸福感产生显著的正向影响,但政府绩效会在一定程度上消解社区能力对居民幸福感的影响效应。建议各级政府提升自身治理质量和政策效果,加强社区能力建设,理顺基层公共服务供给关系,促进社区自组织机制的作用发挥,提升居民幸福感。     

公共精神:公共服务多元供给机制建构的价值基石

公共服务供需失衡使构建公共服务多元供给机制成为必然诉求,公共服务多元供给机制必须奠基于公共精神才能持续协调运转。但当前我国普遍公共精神缺乏,政府、企业、非营利组织、公众作为公共服务供给的参与主体,都必须结合时代要求发扬公共精神。     

基于社区理论的基层公共服务体制研究

公共服务是一个面向公众的非个人需求的满足系统。公共服务是分层的，基层公共服务是实现公共服务的操作层，基层公共服务的效果实证了宏观公共服务体制的有效与否。因此，作为公共服务的窗口，基层公共服务的重要性显而易见。而基于社区理论的基层公共服务体制，能有效地调整政府对基层公共服务提供的方式，缓解政府的具体事务压力，规避目前在基层公共服务中存在的问题，提升公众对基层政府的信任度，进而改善政府形象。     

基础设施PPP项目绩效协同提升机制研究

随着公众在基础设施PPP项目实施过程中的作用显著提升,针对如何发挥公众在基础设施PPP项目绩效提升中的重要作用,本研究构建了政府激励、社会资本提升、公众参与的基础设施PPP项目绩效协同提升演化博弈模型,构建了考虑绩效提升目标区间的社会资本利益分配模型,并通过仿真分析探究了三方协同提升绩效的行为策略选择及其影响因素。研究结果表明：任一方行为策略选择及其演化路径均与其他博弈主体的行为策略紧密相关,且它们对彼此初始策略的影响存在差异;公信力提升、上级部门奖励等收益、罚金对政府的激励行为具有正向作用,而政府的激励成本对政府的激励行为具有负向作用;提升绩效获得的收益与罚金对社会资本具有正向作用;参与绩效提升获得的收益对公众的参与行为具有正向作用,社会资本进行绩效提升获得的收益对公众的参与行为具有负向作用;社会资本的利益分配与目标范围、奖励因子和惩罚因子等参数息息相关,且随着绩效目标范围的增大,社会资本的利益分配逐渐减小。研究成果有利于丰富和完善项目绩效管理理论,为政府出台相关政策、设计PPP项目绩效提升机制提供参考。     

公共服务在公共管理和企业管理中的比较分析

政府和第三部门是公共管理的主体,二者在提供公共服务的过程中发挥了主导和补充的作用,也出现了政府失灵和志愿失灵的缺陷;企业管理始终将经济绩效放在首位,过去很少提供盈利不多的公共服务,随着公共服务市场化的发展、消费者"道德消费"意识的增长以及企业公共责任感的培育,企业也成为社会上提供公共服务内容的重要组织之一。文章通过比较分析公共管理和企业管理中公共服务供给的组织形态,探索改进公共服务的供给机制。     

基于元胞自动机的政府线上公共服务模型及仿真研究

在"互联网+政务服务"的政府治理模式下,公共服务领域的主要矛盾依然是公众需求与政府供给之间的匹配及响应程度的矛盾。在以往政府线上公共服务的研究成果的基础上,通过实测政府网站运行与公众行为的真实数据,提出"响应度系数"这一概念,利用元胞自动机模型与Matlab技术开发嵌入式系统植入政府信息平台,实现即时、动态刻画公众需求的行为变化,可以使政府及相关部门更快、更精准地掌握公众需求,从而最大限度地利企便民,实现精准化服务,使政府与公众共享"互联网+政务服务"的成果。     

信息化视角下公共服务供给侧改革路径分析

正飞速发展的网络信息技术对政府治理能力和公共服务能力的影响力和渗透作用日益得到重视,在此背景下产生的"互联网+政府""数据驱动政府""智慧政府"等概念,为政府提升现代化治理能力、改善公共服务提供了创新发展的新思路,开辟了提升政府公共服务能力的新视角,成为政府职能转型发展中重要的新模式和新形态。利用信息化扩大公共服务有效供给、减少无效供     

The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behaviours: The Contingent Role of Public Service Motivation

In this paper we examine whether the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) is contingent on public service motivation (PSM). We propose that PSM may reduce the motivational influences of transformational leaders’ behaviours on followers’ OCBs in public sector organizations. Using a sample of Mexican employees we tested this proposition with structural equation modelling. Our results show that the motivational effects of transformational leadership were less for public sector followers higher in PSM than for those lower in PSM. A follow‐up study in private sector organizations did not reveal a similar interaction effect. These findings appear consistent with previous research demonstrating that PSM is more aligned to the goals and values of public rather than private sector organizations. Nevertheless, the direct effects of PSM on OCBs remained in the private sector.     

The Role of Contract Expirations in Service Parts Management

The majority of after‐sales service providers manage their service parts inventory by focusing on the availability of service parts. This approach, combined with automatic replenishment systems, leads to reactive inventory control policies where base stock levels are adjusted only after a service contract expires. Consequently, service providers often face excess stock of critical service parts that are difficult to dispose due to their specificity. In this study, we address this problem by developing inventory control policies taking into account contract expirations. Our key idea is to reduce the base stock level of the one‐for‐one policy before obsolescence (a full or partial drop in demand rate) occurs and let demand take away excess stock. We refer to this policy as the single‐adjustment policy. We benchmark the single‐adjustment policy with the multiple‐adjustment policy (allowing multiple base stock adjustments) formulated as a dynamic program and verify that for a wide range of instances the single‐adjustment policy is an effective heuristic for the multiple‐adjustment policy. We also compare the single‐adjustment policy with the world‐dependent base stock policy offered by Song and Zipkin (1993) and identify the parameter combinations where both policies yield similar costs. We consider two special cases of the single‐adjustment policy where the base stock level is kept fixed or the base stock adjustment is postponed to the contract expiration time. We find that the initial demand rate, contract expiration time, and size of the drop in demand rate are the three key parameters driving the choice between the single‐adjustment policy and its special cases.     

一个公用服务质量测评模型的构建和分析:来自中国公用服务业的证据

本文考虑了公用服务的特殊性和行业特征,在对天津经济技术开发区公用服务企业(包括自来水公司、电力公司、燃气公司、热电公司)调查研究基础上提出了公用服务质量概念框架,构建了公用服务质量测评模型。本文提出公用服务质量包括供能质量和服务过程质量两个维度。其中供能质量由标准性、稳定性、安全性、服务补救四个要素组成;服务过程质量由服务交互界面、员工服务表现、服务标准、服务流程、服务设施与工具、服务承诺、顾客期望管理、服务投诉八个要素组成。对四类公用服务的调查包括对27家企业用户和50位居民用户的访谈,以及对150家代表性企业用户、304名居民用户作为样本的问卷调查,收到企业用户的有效问卷120份、居民有效问卷256份。本文利用调查数据检验上述服务测评初步维度结构的信度和效度,修正并形成了最终的公用服务质量测评模型,并发现了模型在评价居民用户和企业用户服务质量感知的异同,讨论了该测评工具的管理实践意义和未来的研究方向。     

关系品质对服务补救效果的调节作用

在关于服务补救的文献中,许多研究过于强调服务补救属性本身对补救后顾客态度和行为意向的影响。其实,它们不仅仅取决于类似于特定服务补救属性的感觉要素,还取决于类似于关系品质这样的知觉要素。为了揭示知觉要素对服务补救效果的重要性,本文以关系品质作为调节变量来考察它对服务补救过程中顾客的态度标识参数和行为意向的影响,发现关系品质对于服务补救效果确实存在着积极的调节作用,并根据这一发现提出了相应的营销建议。最后,文章给出了本研究的局限和未来的研究方向。     

Promoting Public Trust in Public Organizations: Explaining the Role of Public Accountability

This paper is aimed at explaining the role of public accountability in promoting public trust in public organizations. Initially a conceptual model was developed. Then, the model was tested empirically in Iran. The result shows that public accountability influences the public trust by improving citizens’ satisfaction. In other words, legal, ethical, financial, functional, and utmost political accountability affect public trust through influencing citizens’ satisfaction. This study also confirms that changes in social trust, citizens’ trust in government, and media will moderate trust in public organizations.

Processing Institutional Change in Public Service Provision

With the proliferation of New Public Management (NPM) worldwide, public service providing agencies are increasingly expected to operate in a business-like manner and exposed to ‘competing institutional logics’. Exploring the German hospital sector, this article shows that this is processed within two areas of collective action simultaneously: at enterprise-level and at the regulatory infrastructure of the organizational field. In both places, ‘institutional work’ takes place, albeit differently. With emerging tensions, trial-and-error strategies (deployed by individual hospitals) and mitigating (regulatory) measures engender a nervous cohabitation of the two logics, endangering potentially the sector’s public mission in the long term.     

Tendencies of the Development of Public Service in Lithuania

The article analyzes the development of the Lithuanian civil service and the influence of some of the prevailing models of public management on the changes that occurred in the service. It also reviews the attitude of society and experts towards the bureaucracy and points out that in Lithuania, society is becoming more and more skeptical about politics and the whole public environment. It emphasizes that it is not easy to implement the managerial approach in the Civil Service in post-Communist states.     

网络舆论的公司治理影响机制研究——基于定向增发的经验证据

上市公司定向增发是其重要的财务决策,往往涉及公司治理的好坏,历来受到网络舆论的关注.本文利用股吧中针对上市公司定向增发的评论这一个特定数据作为网络舆论的替代变量,研究在网络时代网络舆论对于公司内部以及外部的治理机制的影响,特别是在我国法律保护不健全的现实环境下,网络舆论在保护中小投资者权益方面所发挥的作用.实证结果表明,遭到网络舆论反对的增发公司,其定向增发公告后的股票超额收益率显著为负,其后该定向增发预案通过相关部门审核的概率也显著下降.换句话说,网络舆论会先后触发两层外部治理机制——资本市场的惩戒和监管部门的严格审查.与之形成对比的是,没有证据表明网络负面舆论会触发内部治理机制——网络负面舆论对于定向增发预案通过股东大会的概率不产生显著影响.本文进一步发现,网络负面舆论越高的公司,增发实施之后,公司业绩下降的概率也越大,这表明网络舆论并非是空穴来风或是毫无根据,而是能够在事前发掘出定向增发中可能存在的问题.     

The Role of Industry Studies and Public Policies in Production and Operations Management

The research domain Industry Studies and Public Policy (IS&PP) seeks to further our understanding of industrial practices and managerial challenges by explicitly considering contextual details in the design and interpretation of research studies. These details can be vital considerations when shaping public policies. This article reviews a sample of IS&PP publications and analyzes the content of 180 selected papers—85 papers published in the Production and Operations Management (POM) journal and 95 papers published in related journals between 1992 and 2014. Our analysis of the sample dataset and examination of exemplar papers provide four findings. First, studies in different industries emphasize different themes of operational decisions. This difference in emphasis reveals potential research opportunities, especially for conducting inter‐industry studies. Second, our analysis reveals a shift in focus over time. Earlier studies contain a mix of benchmarks and inter‐industry comparisons, while later studies tend to be context‐specific, intra‐industry studies. Third, we report on empirics → analytics → empirics cycles that reveal gaps for building novel theories. Finally, we observe that the relationship between POM decisions and public policy is bi‐directional. This highlights the need to jointly examine operational decisions with policy considerations, especially in information goods, healthcare, sustainable operations and high‐tech manufacturing industries.