坚持依法治理民族事务的核心要义

<正>坚持依法治理民族事务是习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想的重要内容,是践行习近平法治思想、坚持全面依法治国在民族工作领域的集中体现。推进民族事务治理法治化,是落实宪法规定、弘扬宪法精神的基本要求,是维护国家统一和民族团结、推进各民族共同走向社会主义现代化的必然选择,是坚持中国特色解决民族问题正确道路、实现民族事务治理现代化的必要保障。     

中国民族事务管理法治化的历程、依据和创新

中国共产党和新中国的民族实践历程表明,民族事务管理法治化是多民族的中国解决民族问题的必然选择.在当前形势下,实现民族事务管理法治化必须以宪法和行政法律为依据,按照《民族法制体系建设“十二五”规划》规定的目标和任务,完善民族事务管理的领导体制和工作机制,提高民族事务管理人员依法办事的水平和能力,加强相关制度建设,强化少数民族权利保障机制,推动根本性或长期性的民族政策逐步实现法制化.     

民族主义思潮与近代中国边疆社会研究前沿综述

民族主义思潮是改变中国历史上各类差异共同体关系的最根本的思想。对于多民族中国来说,现代民族国家建构不仅意味着从王朝国家向现代主权国家的政治转型,而且关系到各民族人民对新的民族国家的认同和国民身份的确立。近代中国民族国家建构主张经过了从汉族国家、同质化国家到多元一体国家的递进性转变,反映了国人在构建民族国家认识上的不断深化。而受民族主义影响的地方社会在撕裂中实现着重构、整合。近代中国的民族与地方社会是近代中国民族主义研究的重要课题,对于把握近代中国民族主义的发展脉络和国族构建过程具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。     

民族事务治理法治化的实践探索——以香港候任议员言词违法和文山在任官员言词不当为例

民族事务治理法治化是依法治国战略在民族工作领域的必然要求和基本体现。2016年,香港候任议员言词违法和文山在任官员言词不当两起涉及民族问题的公共事件及其解决过程,体现了民族事务治理法治化水平在逐步提高。正确解决民族问题首先要站在维护国家统一的高度依法治理具体的民族事务,同时也要继承中国共产党团结尊重少数民族的光荣传统,在民族感情上言行一致。不断提升民族事务治理法治化的水平和能力,是全面落实从严治党,大力加强和改善党对民族工作领导的重要课题。     

近代西藏法律地位研究

法律地位是法律主体享受权利与承担义务的资格或表示法律主体享有权利和承担义务的相应程度。讨论近代西藏的法律地位的实质是要回答西藏是否为一个"独立国家"的问题。通过对近代发生的若干与西藏有关的史实的梳理分析,可以得出,近代西藏对内并不拥有国家意义上的管辖权,对外由于一直未得到国际社会的承认,自然也不享有相应的国家权利。因此,近代西藏并不具有"独立国家"的法律地位,西藏是由中国中央政府管辖下的中国组成部分之一。     

中国古代服饰的法律制度初探

中国古代是一个等级身份制社会.历代统治者为了维护尊卑贵贱的等级秩序,在儒家“礼有等差”思想的指导下,把人们日常生活中的许多礼仪规范引入到国家法律制度层面,使中国古代法律呈现出“礼法合一”的特色.服饰制度是中国古代礼俗的重要内容,与人们的生活息息相关,但在许多朝代制定的法典中大都设立了关于服饰制度的篇目,对社会各阶层冠冕服饰的形制、颜色、图案、质地等加以规定和限制,对违犯服饰法律制度的行为予以处罚.     

民族事务治理法治化：概念厘定与内涵论析

民族事务治理法治化是党和国家新时代民族工作的指导思想和行动指南。目前理论界对民族事务治理法治化的理论内涵缺乏深入细致的探讨,也未达成理论共识。民族事务治理法治化是一个综合性概念,需要从理念、制度、运作方式三个层面进行全面理解。民族事务治理法治化的内涵主要体现在四个方面:逻辑前提是完善的民族法律制度体系;运作方式是民族事务的依法治理;核心内容是少数民族基本人权保障;基本路径是促进民族团结和铸牢中华民族共同体意识。     

关于民族间通婚问题的探索

一、中国历史上民族间通婚关系 我们所谈的民族间通婚的问题是指各民族在习惯法和法律制度上有关通婚范围的规定和实际生活中各民族间通婚的情况。 我国是多民族国家,研究各民族间通婚的历史变化和现状,不仅对研究如何处理好民族关系问题具有重要意义,而且也是研究人类自身生产的重要课题之一,对制定正确的民族婚     

从法律到法治的民族事务治理——以《民族区域自治法》为核心的探讨

民族区域自治法是实施宪法关于民族区域自治制度的基本法律,是民族自治地方实行自治的基本法律依据。民族区域自治法实施三十年推动了民族地区各方面事业的发展,在实施过程中也暴露出一些问题,要以与时俱进的态度和开拓创新的精神来完善和发展民族区域自治,深入贯彻落实民族区域自治法,推进我国民族事务治理体系和治理能力的法治化、现代化。     

一部集系统性、现实性与学术性于一体的佳作——杨虎德主编《青海民族工作的实践与讨论》评介

自古以来,中国就是一个统一的多民族国家.民族事务历来是不同时期国家事务的重要组成部分.新中国自成立之日起就十分重视中国的多民族国情和民族问题,在几十年的发展历程中,始终把民族工作摆在国家事务中的重要位置,并不断探索民族工作的方式、方法,提出了一系列关于民族问题的理论和政策,丰富和发展了民族工作理论,深化了民族工作实践.青海的民族众多,民族关系复杂,是我国多民族状况的一个缩影,也是我国多元一体民族关系的典型.历史上为羌族、月氏胡、鲜卑、吐蕃等古代民族活动的重要区域,后经元明清时期的持续发展,基本形成了以汉、藏、回、土、撒拉、蒙古族等六个世居民族为主体、包括人口在万人以下诸多民族成分的多民族居住格局,构成当代青海居民的基本状况.     

论民族法律文件的规范化和系统化

我国是一个多民族的社会主义国家,民族法律是构成我国社会主义法律体系的重要组成部分。我国民族法律的形式并不复杂,但各国家机关制定并颁布实施的规范性民族法律文件的数量却相当庞杂,涉及内容广泛。因此,开展规范性民族法律文件的规范化和系统化的研究、整理工作非常必要。文章依据法理学原理,结合我国民族立法的实际,对目前开展规范性民族法律文件规范化和系统化工作的必要性、内容、方式和方法及其意义进行了全面的探讨。     

论民族问题的文化化和法治化——我国民族理论和民族政策的反思、改革与完善

民族问题是中外人权对话中的一个焦点问题。从有利于与西方进行人权对话的角度出发,用人类学和社会学意义上的族群(ethinic groups)概念替代中华民族多元一体理论中第二个层次的民族概念,值得认真考虑。民族问题话语体系的调整或有助于解决我们当前面临的许多外交与内政上的困难。近年来边疆民族问题的凸显,也昭示着我国的民族理论和民族政策存在进一步调整和完善的空间。     

论我国民族事务管理法治化的构建

由国家民委主持编制的《民族法制体系建设“十二五”规划》明确将依法管理民族事务作为我国民族法制建设的一项主要任务,对于推进“依法治国”、“法治政府”目标的实现,完善民族法制建设,促进各民族共同繁荣具有重要意义.在当前形势下,健全民族事务管理的组织体系和工作机制,实施立法后评估制度,加强相关制度建设,建立民族纠纷和涉及民族方面群体性、突发性事件的应对机制,强化监督检查和问责制度是推进我国民族事务管理法治化的有力措施.     

桂林市城市化进程中的民族问题及其对策研究——南宁、桂林市城市化进程中的民族问题及对策研究之一

文章在阅读文献资料和实地调查的基础上,对桂林市的少数民族状况、特点以及城市化进程中的民族问题进行了分析,并提出了一些对策和建议:一是提高思想认识,切实重视城市化进程中的民族问题的严重性;二是健全法律法规,使城市化进程中民族问题的解决有法可依;三是加强高效管理,做好城市流动少数民族服务工作;四是建立长效机制,快速处理民族矛盾和纠纷;五是民族工作进社区,建立健全市、区、街道、居委会四级民族工作网络.     

我国少数民族权利法律保护探析

通过法律规范保护少数民族的合法的权利、帮助他们融入到主体社会,是解决民族矛盾与创造和谐社会的前提。我国《宪法》和其他法律法规通过专门条款规定禁止民族歧视,保护少数民族的语言、宗教和文化特性,促进少数民族的各种机会。这些规范在保障我国少数民族的各项权利方面起了重要的作用。但是,由于我国民族法制建设还不够完善,少数民族法律工作人员数量不足,法律的执行遇到了一些困难。本文通过透析中国民族法制保护少数民族权利的作用,分析我国少数民族权利法律保障的状况以及存在的不足,进而寻找完善我国民族法制的途径。     

论民族概念的政治属性--从欧洲委员会的相关文件看"民族"与"族群"

“民族”是一种多元、多维和多层的综合性的社会存在 ,因此 ,随着观察者的立场、视角和背景的不同可得出不同的结论和定义。本文仅根据欧洲委员会的相关文件中使用“民族”和“族群”的情况 ,从考察欧洲法律文书对相关概念的界定和使用入手 ,探讨“民族”的政治属性 ,并以此展示近几年在国内广为流行的“族群”与“民族”的关系问题。充分认识“民族”的政治属性 ,将有助于我们消除在对待“民族”概念上的一些误解 ,有助于提高对民族平等和民族团结的理性认识 ,在实践上有利于各民族在国家层次上的整合     

论中国民族事务行政管理机制的发展和创新

中国现行的民族事务行政管理机制是中国共产党在马克思主义民族理论的指导下结合中国具体实际而不断进行创新的结果。随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展 ,少数民族人口分布格局的改变 ,以及社会生活的变迁 ,进一步创新中国民族事务行政管理成为现实之需。本文对中国民族事务行政管理机制的发展过程、现今民族事务行政管理适应时代需求创新的必要性和创新途径等问题进行了初步的讨论     

创新理念 推进自治制度运行和自治地方治理现代化

Deepening reform, promoting the rule of law, and implementing the “Five Develop￣ment ” concepts have had a deep influence on the modernization of governance in ethnic autonomous regions. Based on a review of 30 years of success￣ful experiences in implementing ethnic regional au￣tonomous law, and focusing on the concepts of“innovation, coordination, green development, openness and sharing”, we need to conduct in -depth research on the ways to:promote governance by law, realize the modernization of governance;and promote the efficient implementation of ethnic autonomous systems in the ethnic autonomous re￣gion.
The 155 ethnic autonomous areas of China cover 64% of the total area of the country. There￣fore, the governance of the country cannot be a￣chieved without modernizing the governance in the ethnic autonomous regions. Modernizing the gov￣ernance in ethnic autonomous regions is a necessa￣ry element for modernizing the governance of the nation. The modernization of the ethnic autono￣mous regions actually means the legalization of the governance in ethnic autonomous areas, which is a main part of the legalization of the ethnic affairs.
The comprehensive, deepening of reform, and promoting governance by law have been strongly promoted. We should start from reality, respect differences, and take the development concepts of“innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing” into consideration so as to promote the ef￣ficient implementation of ethnic regional autono￣mous systems through various methods. We should update our concepts, weaken specificity, solidify locality, intensify new thinking, innovate the run￣ning of ethnic autonomous systems, and promote the modernization of governance in ethnic autono￣mous regions. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the theories and practices used since the imple￣mentation of ethnic regional autonomous regula￣tions, and under the premise of intensifying “the legalization of ethnic affairs”, we should deepen the comprehensive reform of the ethnic autonomous regions, comprehensively promote the governance by law, and realize the goal of building a moder￣ately prosperous society as scheduled through im￣proving and innovating the running of ethnic re￣gional autonomous systems.
“Ethnic areas are districts with rich resources and water sources; they are ecological screen zones, cultural characteristic zones, border areas, and poor areas.” At the same time, due to histori￣cal, social and natural factors,“the natural condi￣tions of most ethnic areas are not good; their be￣ginning phase of development is low; they have many historical debts; they are located far away from the central markets and urban areas;their ur￣ban-rural gap is very obvious”, and “their gap with the eastern areas ( of China) is growing larger and larger”. The reform and the promotion of gov￣ernance by law in ethnic autonomous areas should put more emphasis on locality, ethnicity and “au￣tonomy”. Of course, we must avoid of “artificial￣ly” intensifying ethnic consciousness, and creating ethnic “differences”. Meanwhile, we should “im￣prove the capability for legal management of ethnic affairs”, “intensify the construction of laws and regulations related to ethnic work”, “legally han￣dle those issues involving ethnic factors”, “insist on resolving issues involving ethnic factors by the law, and avoid of regarding civil and criminal problems related to ethnic people as ethnic prob￣lems, or regarding common disputes in ethnic are￣as as ethnic problems. ”
We should affirm that China’s ethnic relations are harmonious, and that their economics are de￣veloping rapidly. Since the implementation of the policy of “reform and opening -up”, especially since 2005 , the economics in ethnic autonomous regions have developed dramatically; the people’s living conditions have continuously improved;bas￣ic infrastructure has significantly speeded up; and ecological protection has solidly improved. Howev￣er, the problems still prevail. For example, the poverty in ethnic areas is still serious—there are more than 25 million poor in ethnic rural areas. Therefore, the task of poverty alleviation is still very tough. In addition, the gap between urban and rural areas and between different regions is very large in ethnic autonomous regions. Finally, the rate of urbanization is very low.
In sum, during the process of modernizing so￣cial governance in ethnic autonomous regions, we must pay full attention to the five“stage character￣istics” of ethnic work in China which are the:( i) co - existence of opportunities and challenges brought by the “reform and opening -up” policy and the socialist market economy;( ii) co-exist￣ence of the state’s constant support to the ethnic ar￣eas and its low level of development; ( iii ) co -existence of the state’s constant support to the eth￣nic areas and the weak level of basic public service capability in ethnic areas; ( iv ) co -existence of the constant exchange and fusion between various ethnic groups and the disputes involving ethnic fac￣tors;and ( v) co-existence of the great achieve￣ments in anti-national splittism, religious extrem￣ity, and violent terrorism, as well as the active ter￣rorism activities in some areas. Only when we rec￣ognize this situation, can we understand the speci￣ficity of doing ethnic work in China. The innova￣tion of governance of ethnic autonomous areas and the promotion of governance by law in the whole country must start from this actual situation.
At present, we still need to clarify the conno￣tations of autonomous rights. Based on a clear clar￣ification of the basic meaning of ethnic regional au￣tonomous rights, we should deepen reform, active￣ly transform the governance of the ethnic autono￣mous regions, further deepen relevant theoretical studies, and positively promote the ethnic regional autonomous system. The main purpose of the eth￣nic regional autonomous areas is to promote the de￣velopment of the various affairs of ethnic minorities and ethnic regional autonomous areas. The purpose for improving the ethnic regional autonomous sys￣tem is to ensure the development of ethnic minori￣ties and ethnic regional autonomous regions. Im￣proving the ethnic regional autonomous system should transform from one of preferential treatment to one of nuanced development.
Looking back to the past, the legal construc￣tion of ethnic regional autonomy has made great a￣chievements. However, the preferential policies of the state and relevant institutes are still the real factors promoting the development of the various af￣fairs of the ethnic minorities and ethnic autonomous areas. As described in this article, there are multi￣ple factors which influence the efficiency and per￣formance of the ethnic regional autonomy. The eth￣nic autonomous regions are restricted by natural conditions and economic development, therefore, they have to depend on assistance from the state and the relevant institutes—this is the objective re￣ality. However, the improvement of the ethnic re￣gional autonomous system must change the status of the past, and enable the ethnic regional autono￣mous system play out its actual role so that the va￣rious affairs of ethnic minorities and ethnic autono￣mous regions can step onto a road of nuanced de￣velopment.
The future development of the ethnic regional autonomous system depends on the consensus of theoretical and practical circles, i. e. a long-term mechanism whose purpose is to enable the system itself play its actual role should be established. Only by such a mechanism, can these puzzling problems be solved and gradually improved. Tak￣ing the breakthrough of the actual effect of the sys￣tem as the starting point of the ethnic regional autonomy’s deepening of the reform, one should take the following aspects into consideration:1 ) re-examine existing laws and regulations, and im￣prove them on the basis of institutional norms, en￣hance normalization, uniformity and manipulability of the ethnic regional autonomous regulations; 2 ) sort out the relationship between the institutions in ethnic autonomous areas and the upper levels of the state institutes, as well as the relationship be￣tween the institutions on the same level;on the va￣rious institutional levels, enhance clear cognition on the position, role and organizing principles of the ethnic regional autonomous system, and avoid taking the ethnic regional autonomous system as the affairs of the ethnic autonomous areas;3 ) im￣prove the supervisory mechanisms for running the ethnic regional autonomous system; and 4 ) im￣prove the mechanisms for handling disputes on the running of the ethnic regional autonomous system.
We must work closely, share the achieve￣ments, and promote the operation of the ethnic re￣gional autonomous system. For this purpose, we should:1 ) standardize the management of the eth￣nic regional autonomous system, and weaken the“specificity”;2 ) promote the governance capabili￣ty of the ethnic regional autonomous areas, and so￣lidify the concept of“locality”;3 ) enhance auton￣omous awareness and capability, intensify “new thinking”, motivate initiatives from the autonomous areas, and improve the autonomous system from the bottom-up, and rationally allocate the power and rights of the high-level organs and the auton￣omous organs in the ethnic autonomous areas.     

西南少数民族曲艺研究现状与前瞻

作为中国曲艺重要的组成部分--西南少数民族曲艺历史悠久、形式多样、审美独特、文化内涵极其丰富,是中华民族文化艺术血脉不可或缺的传承载体.因历史原因和它的口头性特征,以及某些民族文字的缺失,在理论方法和个案研究等方面长期以来都处于研究者寥寥,甚至无人问津的状态.本文拟回顾、梳理、总结建国以来西南少数民族曲艺研究成果,简介曲种,分析其独特性,探讨如何进一步充实、丰富少数民族曲艺研究的学术内容,为推动西南少数民族曲艺的健康发展、丰富中华艺术文化提供参考借鉴.     

伦理传承与法治推进：共同体理念下民族地区和谐劳动关系的双重保障

民族地区劳动关系的和谐发展是中华民族共同体建设的重要内容,二者在经济、文化和社会等方面密切相关。民族地区的市场性、区域性与传承性,使得其劳动关系的和谐发展需要经济伦理和法治机制双重保障。经济伦理是经济活动传承性的写照,从内部支持和保障民族地区劳动关系的和谐发展,法治则是其外部保障。在中华民族共同体理念下,唯有重视伦理传承与法治推进双重保障的互补与统一,才能有效构建民族地区和谐劳动关系。