银行间同业拆借利率的复杂性研究

本文运用复杂性理论对我国银行间同业拆借利率进行了实证研究.通过银行间同业拆借利率的关联积分关于相空间维数的数值计算发现,当相空间维数大于9以后,关联维数趋于平稳,从而确定银行间同业拆借利率的嵌入维数约为9,这时对应的关联维数约为3.64.通过对Kolmogorov熵的计算得出,我国7天银行间同业拆借利率的可预测时间尺度约为7天.本文将H.E.Hurst提出的R/S分析法应用于我国银行间同业拆借利率分析.测定了我国银行问同业拆借利率收益率的Hurst指数.运用消除趋势波动分析方法,计算了我国银行问同业拆借利率收益率的标度指数.结果表明:银行间同业拆借利率显示为状态反持续性.     

中国利率期限结构的非线性动态研究

以1996年1月至2010年3月中国银行间同业拆借市场月度加权平均利率作为研究对象,应用协整检验方法和线性向量误差修正模型对利率期限结构的预期理论进行实证检验,应用马尔科夫区制转移向量误差修正模型研究预期理论调整作用下的利率期限结构非线性动态过程。研究结果表明,预期理论在中国利率期限结构中是成立的;利率期限结构具有两区制的非线性动态特征,可以按预期理论的调整强度将两种区制分别描述为强调整区制和弱调整区制;不同期限利率的平均变动幅度和平均风险溢价水平随区制状态变化而发生变化,具有区制相依性,区制间的转移具有非对称性。因此,应该进一步加强对利率期限结构中经济信息的识别和应用,进一步提高利率期限结构的政策参考价值。     

基于相空间重构的同业拆借利率混沌特性研究

同业拆借利率在整个金融市场的利率结构中具有导向作用,因此对同业拆借利率波动的研究具有重要意义.本文基于相空间重构技术对我国银行间同业拆借利率进行了实证研究,通过关联维数和Kolmogorov熵这两个指数来研究我国银行间同业拆借利率的混沌特征.计算结果表明,银行间同业拆借利率具有混沌特性,这使得对同业拆借利率的长期预测成为不可能.     

利率期限结构模型研究

利率期限结构在保险中发挥着重要作用。在依据上海银行间三个月期同业拆借利率对静态的利率期限结构的进行实证分析后,得出利用静态利率期限结构模型的拟合中存在明显的异方差现象。引入CIR模型进行利率期限结构的动态分析。以GARCH、TGARCH和PARCH模型族假设处理异方差,对N分布、t分布、GED分布假设进行了比较分析。实证分析结果显示:综合N分布、T分布、GED分布的衡量,GED分布明显优于另外两种分布。在每种分布假设下GARCH族中经过检验效果最好的为PARCH模型。通过实证分析得到利率的以下特点:上海银行间三个月期同业拆借利率具有均值回复特征;利率波动性与利率水平有关。     

SHIBOR何时能真正成为我国基础利率

2006年,中国人民银行推出了上海银行间同业拆借利率(SHIBOR),并于2006年12月1日起在全国银行间市场开始大面积试运行。SHI-BOR是一套新的货币市场基准利率指标体系。以拆借利率为基础,根据多家大银行每日对各期限资金拆借品种的报价进行加权平均处理,公布各个期限的平均拆借利率即为SHIBOR利率,在形成机制上,更接近国际货币市场普遍被作为基准利率的伦敦同业拆借利率(LIBOR)。SHIBOR的诞生就被认为是中国利率市场化改革的最重要的一步,SHIBOR也被认为最有可能成为中国金融市场的基础利率。经过几年的发展,根据笔者收集的数据和情况来看,SHIBOR的发展有喜有忧,但要担负起作为中     

中国银行间国债利率期限结构的预期理论检验

分析和概括了利率期限结构的预期理论,并运用回归模型和向量自回归模型这两种方法对中国银行间国债市场的利率期限结构进行预期理论检验.实证研究表明,无论是对于短期利率期限结构还是中长期利率期限结构,预期理论都无法被拒绝.     

流动性创造、市场利率预期与银行利率动态调整

在银行体系局部流动性问题频发的现实背景下，深入把握流动性创造对银行利率动态调整的影响机理，是理顺我国货币政策传导的重要微观基础.本文从理论与实证上研究了流动性创造如何影响银行利率对市场利率及其预期的动态调整，并考虑了忽略预期市场利率可能产生的遗漏变量问题.研究发现：1)流动性创造对银行利率动态调整具有负向的影响，且考虑流动性创造后市场利率对存款利率的传导相对较低. 2)流动性创造对银行利率动态调整的影响具有异质性，市场利率对国有及全国性股份制银行的传导不够顺畅. 3)预期能够在一定程度上改善市场利率的短期传导，但无法从根本上纠正市场利率的长期传导，尤其是对于国有及全国性股份制银行而言. 4)在流动性创造对银行利率动态调整的影响机制中，同业拆借具有部分中介效应，进一步验证了市场利率异质性传导的原因在于流动性创造在同业市场中存在外部融资约束效应.基于此，建议从实现存款利率并轨、提高中小银行同业市场参与度、加强预期管理着手，疏通货币政策传导渠道，优化货币政策跨周期调节.     

同业拆借利率影响因素的研究

本文利用ARIMA模型研究了我国银行间同业拆借利率的长期影响因素，在考虑中国特殊情况的基础上，对可能的影响因素样本进行了筛选，最终采用时间序列金融的研究方法，从统计上找出了影响我国同业拆借市场利率的主要因素。结果发现，一年期人民币银行贷款利率和回购利率对我国的同业拆借市场利率存在长期的正的影响。这个结果还可以从Granger因果检验和他们的理论关系中得到验证。最后，本文还给出了一些相关的政策启示。     

抓住时机加快我国利率市场化改革步伐

利率市场化即金融交易主体享有利率的决定权,利率的数量结构、期限结构和风险结构由市场自发选择,政府享有间接影响利率的权力.我国改革开放已进行20多年,社会主义市场经济体制初步建立起来,目前绝大多数商品和劳务的价格已基本上实现了市场化.但利率改革除在同业拆借市场等少数领域有所动作外,至今未有实质性进展.利率改革的滞后,影响着我国其他方面市场化改革的深入和整个经济体制改革的进程.     

上交所国债市场利率期限结构及其信息价值

首先利用Nelson Siegel参数估计模型求出上交所债券市场债券价格隐含的利率期限结构,发现债券市场隐含的利率期限结构呈现两种典型形状:1996年前为逆向的利率期限结构,1996年后为上升的利率期限结构,然后实证检验了预期假设对上交所国债市场的解释能力,发现预期假设不成立,利率期限结构对以预测债券的回报率,最后实证发现,充分利用利率期限结构信息,债券回报率的可预测性可达50%以上。     

Ranking of the Most Prolific Authors,Universities, and Organizations in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management

ABSTRACT

Over the years, reviews in behavior analysis have sought to identify the most prolific researchers and institutions. The goal of these reviews was to offer one resource for behavior analysts to identify experts in behavior analysis and quality graduate programs. However, most of these reviews omitted the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (JOBM), making the results less relevant to those who work in organizational behavior management. The purpose of this review was to extend previous findings and identify the most published researchers, academic institutions, and organizations in JOBM since its inception. Furthermore, we calculated the citation rate (per year, per article) for each of the top 20 most published authors. The results, implications, and opportunities for further analysis are discussed.     

Do Drivers of Small Cars Take Less Risk in Everyday Driving?

Previously reported observed data on risky everyday driving are brought together and reanalyzed in order to focus on the relation between risky driving and the size of the car being driven, as indicated by car mass. The measures of risky driving include separation between vehicles in heavy freeway traffic and speed on a two lane road. Observed seat belt use provides a third measure of driver risk. Confounding effects arising from the observed association between car mass and driver age are taken into account by segmenting the data into three driver age groups. Driver risk taking is found to increase with increasing car mass for each of these three aspects of everyday driving. The implications of these results with respect to driver fatality rates are discussed in terms of a simple model relating observed risky driving to the likelihood of involvement in a severe crash.     

Evaluation of False Positive and False Negative Outcomes in NTP Long-Term Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies

The decision-making process used by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in its evaluation of long-term rodent carcinogenicity studies was investigated to determine whether or not this procedure resulted in an excessive number of false positive or false negative outcomes. All site-specific tumor incidences that were found to be significantly ( p < 0.05) increased either by a trend test or by pairwise comparisons of each dosed group against the controls in 218 NTP 2-year studies with Fischer 344 rats and/or B6C3F1 mice were tabulated and compared to the number of statistically significant tumor increases expected to occur by chance. Our evaluation suggests that false positive rates are fairly low in NTP long-term studies. Assessing false negative rates is more difficult because of the limited sensitivity of the bioassay for detecting subtle carcinogenic effects. Moreover, reduced body weights frequently occur in dosed animals, and the positive correlation between the incidences of certain site-specific tumors and body weight may mask the detection of carcinogenic effects. Despite these difficulties, our analysis did identify one tumor showing evidence of false negative outcomes: interstitial cell tumors of the testis in male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. This tumor showed considerably more significant ( p > 0.05) increased incidences than expected by chance, yet none were considered to be chemically-related. However, the biological significance of interstitial cell tumor increases in F344 rats is uncertain because of the high background rate of neoplasia (>90%) for this target site.     

利率调整对远期汇率期限结构的影响

远期外汇市场对货币政策的反应是宏观开放经济和国际金融研究的热点问题。本文提出利率调整前后远期汇率期限结构曲线存在相对稳定点的观点,并考察远期汇率期限结构曲线上相对稳定点的性质。首先,利用利率平价理论建立了远期汇率期限结构的静态模型,基于此模型,根据相对稳定点的定义,从理论上得到了在一国利率期限结构发生各种变动的情况下,远期汇率期限结构曲线上稳定点的存在性和唯一性条件。其次,结合美日两国的宏观经济形势变化和货币政策的具体实践,选择了美联储调息的五个示例,从实证的角度对理论加以验证。理论与实证结果均表明:当利率期限结构和即期汇率的变动满足一定的条件时,利率调整前后远期汇率期限结构曲线存在相对稳定点。     

远期汇率期限结构的相对稳定点的研究

随着金融全球化的加深,国家之间的货币政策的关联越来越大,各国利率的调整对远期汇率市场的影响错综复杂。本文研究当两国同时调整利率时,远期汇率曲线上相对稳定点的存在性和唯一性。首先,从理论上解决了当两国利率调整引起利率期限结构发生各种变动时,远期汇率期限结构曲线在利率调整前后是否存在相对稳定点和稳定点是否唯一的问题。其次,本文结合美加两国的宏观经济形势变化和货币政策的具体实践,选择了美联储和加拿大央行调息的五个示例,从实证的角度检验了前面的理论,实证结果表明:当利率期限结构和即期汇率满足一定的条件时,利率调整前后远期汇率曲线存在相对稳定点。     

Inventory Planning for a Modular Product Family

This paper is motivated by observing that an increasing number of firms are offering modular products assembled with multiple option choices for the consumer. Starting with the PC offerings by Dell which allowed (and still allows) users to configure their product by choosing among multiple choices for each option, the current market place seems to have evolved to a make‐to‐stock scenario where Apple offers its IPAD series with multiple models each with a unique storage size, color, and wireless chip technology. The focus of our work is on determining the optimal stocking level of modular end‐products. Our analysis is based on a benchmark model with the aim of maximizing expected profit subject to an aggregate fill rate constraint as well as variant‐specific individual fill rates under a make‐to‐stock setting. To further assess the robustness of our finding, we consider the extensions of correlated market preferences over options, price‐dependent demand, and alternative probability distributions for characterizing uncertainty in market preferences or aggregate demand. Finally we also show how to extend the single period model into a multiple‐period setting. Through extensive computational analysis, we find that more precise estimates of market preferences for various modular options constitute extremely valuable information that goes beyond the usefulness of forecasts of aggregate market demand. From a practical perspective, this might be indicative of another classic marketing‐operations trade‐off. Offering more options for consumers would be preferred by marketing managers since this would reach more consumers and hence, enhance product sales. On the other hand, the ability to obtaining greater forecast accuracy would decline when the number of options increase. Hence, from an operational perspective, it would be preferred to limit option choices (so that better forecasts can be obtained) since this would lead to lower stocking costs and hence, higher profits.     

Improving Right Party Contact Rates at Outbound Call Centers

Consumer delinquencies are a major problem for banks and other credit card issuers. These firms have collection centers across the country to collect outstanding balances from delinquent accounts. Their main strategy is to first send reminder notices and, if that does not work, to telephone delinquent customers and request payment. The latter often becomes necessary, resulting in high costs of collection. Automated dialers are used to make the calls, and when the call goes through, it is directed to one of several hundred associates manning computer workstations. In this operation, it is important to contact the account holder in order to discuss payment options. Simply getting someone on the line is not sufficient, because such calls would require follow‐up calls. The objective of efficient collections is to maximize dollars collected while minimizing costs, which generally translates to making a “right party contact (RPC)” in the minimum number of attempts. We developed and tested an algorithm that increased the RPC rates by over 10%. This increase translates to annual savings of several million dollars for an average credit card company. Although the focus of our paper is collections, the methodology developed is equally applicable for improving telemarketing efficiency.     

Strategic technology alliance termination: An empirical investigation

There is growing consensus that overall alliance termination rates are high. However, despite this track record of termination and despite unsurpassed growth rates of strategic technology alliances, little is known about the reasons for their termination. Typically strategic alliances have been characterized as inherently instable, i.e. often involving unplanned and premature termination of the alliance by partnering firms indicating alliance failure. The literature on strategic technology alliances, however, proposes that alliance termination does not always indicate failure, but can be intended and can be a sign of strength. We examine these different perceptions by using a sample of 48 strategic technology alliances in different high-technology industries. The findings in the paper confirm that the rates of termination are rather high for strategic technology alliances. Overall, we found that in particular negative prospects about future cooperation, negative perceptions about joint benefits and the lack of a win-win situation had an impact on the decision to terminate a strategic technology alliance. Also, the fact that some companies opt only for short-term (not for long-term and renewed) cooperation seems to introduce a negative factor into the longevity of strategic technology alliances.     

有效税率、投资与经济增长:来自中国数据的经验实证

本文测算了我国劳动、资本和消费的有效税率,以反映这三种要素的真实负担情况,然后,利用结构VAR模型分别研究三种税率的结构性冲击对投资和经济增长的动态影响。结果表明:消费支出有效税率的正冲击对投资率和经济增长率的影响程度最大,短期内有利于投资率的增加,长期来看有利于经济增长;劳动收入有效税率的正冲击对投资率和经济增长率的影响,短期效应为正,长期效应为负;对资本收入征税,短期内不利于投资率和经济增长率的提高,长期来看具有一定的正效应,但是影响程度相对较小。因此,我国税收政策调整的中长期目标应尽量选择以消费支出为税基,以促进经济的长期快速增长。     

Behavior-Based Safety in a Coal Mine: The Relationship Between Observations,Participation, and Injuries Over a 14-Year Period

Safety is an important topic in the inherently dangerous mining industry. The creation of a behavior-based safety program and improved employee-management relationships reduced incident rates by 50%. The safety program focused on employee observations and oversight from steering committees. This case study suggests that participation rates of 30% could produce mine-wide safety improvement and considers possible explanations in the context of current literature and anecdotal reports.