闭环供应链网络设施竞争选址模型研究

如何把握市场竞争趋势的变化,充分了解行业竞争状况,为企业新建设施选择具有竞争优势与发展前景的位置,是企业进入新市场要解决的首要问题。考虑一个大型企业计划开设一定数量的制造/再制造工厂和销售/回收中心以进入一个区域市场,在此市场上已存在若干同类设施的情况下,通过分析新进企业与这个区域内现有企业构成一主多从Stackelberg主从对策问题,将均衡模型捕捉的由新进企业引起的网络均衡态的变化引入位置决策过程,建立设施竞争选址模型决策在竞争环境中使新进企业利润最大化的位置,以及产品生产量、各层设施间的产品交易量和产品价格等决策。针对模型的特点,提出了遗传算法与QPADM算法相结合的求解策略,最后利用提出的模型和求解算法对算例进行计算与分析。     

基于持续运营机会约束的竞争设施点选址研究——一种有效的实数编码遗传求解算法

竞争设施点选址是空间经济、区域发展、组合优化和系统工程的重要课题之一。本文以市场份额最大化为目标,研究了基于持续运营机会约束的竞争设施点选址问题,并给出了一种有效的实数编码遗传求解算法。在求解模型方面,首先假定运营成本是竞争设施点规模大小的函数,并对设施点持续运营概率进行机会约束,借鉴引力模型建立竞争设施点选址-设计问题的非线性混合整数规划模型。其次,考虑到选址变量和规模变量的数值类型,以及编码变换问题,设计了一种实数编码遗传求解算法。通过数值实验表明,对不同规模问题的实际计算结果,该算法可以在较短时间内获得最优解,可行解和精确解之间误差小于0.5%,相关比较分析也讨论了该算法的优越性和实用性,为竞争设施点选址问题的研究提供了不同的视角和实用求解算法。     

面向新零售的生鲜连锁企业城市配送网络优化研究

城市配送网络优化是生鲜连锁经营企业实施新零售的关键环节,本文研究新零售背景下生鲜企业城市配送网络面临的多业态门店选址及末端需求点分配问题。本文系统考虑多业态零售门店选址布局及覆盖范围、冷链设施配置、冷藏品类选择等生鲜新零售特征构建非线性混合整数规划模型,并设计混合拉格朗日松弛算法求解模型,通过与CPLEX对比验证本文算法的有效性。根据典型生鲜连锁企业重庆果琳的实际数据,运用本文模型及算法得到重庆果琳多业态零售门店布局、门店线上订单覆盖范围、门店冷藏最优品类和门店冷链设施配置方案,并探讨需求规模变动、消费者自提意愿、线上订单规模和气温变化等因素对城市配送系统的影响。结果发现相比重庆果琳现有配送网络,优化方案平均成本降低2.52%;生鲜连锁企业损耗成本占总成本超过70%,配置冷链设施总成本仅降低0.32%;需求规模变动对城市配送网络及单位配送成本的影响较小;消费者自提意愿、线上订单规模和气温变化不影响城市配送网络结构且对总成本影响较小。     

市场竞争优势不对等下投资决策的期权博弈分析

可获得的竞争优势对不确定性和竞争性环境下的企业的投资决策有着重要影响.在引入市场份额因子后建立了体现这种竞争优势不对等情形下的双寡头期权博弈模型,并进行了数值分析,发现领先者拥有竞争优势能激励其更早进入,而追随者拥有竞争优势而不怕其它企业抢先进入的威胁.最后分析了模型对企业的投资策略选择和产业进入壁垒等实际应用中的意义.     

连锁超市配送中心选址问题的探讨——基于美特好生鲜加工配送中心的建设

配送中心是连锁超市的重要环节,生鲜产品的配送是连锁超市的生命,如何搞好配送中心的选址更是直接决定着连锁超市的效益,在电子商务环境下,这些传统的一些选址方法都在不同程度上遇到各种问题,建立一套高效率的配送体系,降低为客户送货的成本,提高货物到达速度,从而保障服务质量,成为电子商务环境下企业发展面临的重要问题。本文利用最小费用的逐步搜索方法来来决定一种选址的办法。     

考虑最坏中断损失下的P-中位设施选址问题的模型与算法研究

蓄意突袭以及恐怖袭击会造成设施服务的突然中断成为网络系统的主要危害之一,因此网络设施选址决策应该同时考虑正常和紧急状态下系统的运作成本.本文研究考虑最坏中断损失下的网络设施选址问题,建立了该问题的双层规划模型,上层规划涉及设施选址决策,下层规划研究确定设施位置后,设施中断产生最大损失的问题.本文运用基于拉格朗日松弛的混合遗传算法来求解该双层规划问题.将European150数据集作为研究对象,对比研究了本文研究问题与传统的P-中位选址问题的结果,分析不同选址策略下网络系统的效率被中断影响的程度是不同的.最后通过改变一些关键参数,比如常规运作权重、设施数量、中断设施数量,对相关结果进行了分析.     

重大突发事件应急救援设施选址的多目标决策模型

常用的应急服务设施选址模型主要有覆盖模型、p-中心模型和p-中值模型,这些模型并不适合重大突发事件的应急救援设施选址.分析重大突发事件应急救援设施选址问题的特点,建立一个多目标决策模型,该模型考虑了应急救援设施的公平性和效率性,整合了传统选址模型中常用的最大覆盖模型、p-中心模型和p-中值模型,以适应重大突发事件应急救援设施的不同部署策略,通过实例讨论该模型的求解方法和求解策略.     

城市应急服务设施选址模型

在分析城市应急服务设施及选址相关特点的基础上,综合考虑应急服务设施的特征与各种设施选址模型的特点及使用范围,构建一种适用于应急服务设施布局的选址模型,并通过算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

考虑缺货影响的企业产品满足率和价格均衡分析

本文考虑消费者对缺货的厌恶程度，构建由销售有区别产品的n个企业组成的竞争市场，利用随机效应理论建立MNL模型，分别在价格外生与价格内生条件下分析竞争市场的均衡情况。在价格外生情况下，本文分别证明了满足率竞争和市场份额竞争两种情形下纳什均衡的存在性和唯一性。本文通过对两种情形下纳什均衡的比较分析，得到满足率竞争情形下企业提供更高的产品满足率，企业产品的市场份额增加，但企业获得的利润更低；在价格内生情况下，分别证明了价格满足率同时竞争与市场份额满足率同时竞争两种情形下纳什均衡的存在性和唯一性。通过比较分析，本文发现两种竞争情形下的产品满足率相同，但在价格满足率同时竞争情形下企业会制定更低的价格，企业产品的市场份额增加，获得的利润更低。最后通过数值仿真，本文表明市场中的企业数量越多，企业的价格和利润越低。此外，降低消费者对缺货的厌恶程度、产品单位成本或提高消费者对产品的估值能够使企业获得更大的利润。     

多寡头电力市场中考虑水平合作的碳减排竞争微分对策模型

在多寡头竞争下，本文利用微分对策理论研究了电力市场中考虑水平合作的碳减排竞争问题。发展了Bass等提出的双寡头竞争模型，构建了多寡头竞争微分对策碳减排模型，并运用汉密尔顿-雅可比-贝尔曼方程求解了该模型的最优上网电价、初始竞争性碳减排和水平合作碳减排投入以及均衡价值函数。在非对称发电商情形下，考虑了水平合作碳减排对市场份额的影响，给出了稳定时发电商所占的市场份额解析式，扩展了Prasad和Sethi关于市场份额的结论；在对称发电商情形下，分析了合作碳减排成本占总碳减排成本比例与市场份额的相关性，并讨论了市场最优发电商数量满足的参数约束。研究结果表明：非对称发电商的初始市场份额相等，投入碳减排成本最大的发电商在稳定时拥有最大的市场份额，而投入减排成本最小的发电商稳定的市场份额则最小；即使对称发电商的初始市场份额存在差异，某个对称发电商完全垄断整个市场的极端情形也不会出现，而是由各自趋于承担相同电力供给任务；双、三寡头电力市场总能保证对称发电商都能获得正利润，一旦发电商数量增至大于三个将无法保证。     

Location models for ceding market share and shrinking services

New location models are presented here for exploring the reduction of facilities in a region. The first of these models considers firms ceding market share to competitors under situations of financial exigency. The goal of this model is to cede the least market share, i.e., retain as much of the customer base as possible while shedding costly outlets. The second model considers a firm essentially without competition that must shrink it services for economic reasons. This firm is assumed to close outlets so that the degradation of service is limited. An example is offered within a competitive environment to demonstrate the usefulness of this modeling approach.     

Fixed or variable demand? Does it matter when locating a facility?

In most competitive location models available in the literature, it is assumed that the demand is fixed independently of market conditions. However, demand may vary depending on prices, distances to the facilities, etc., especially when the goods are not essential. Taking variable demand into consideration increases the complexity of the problem and, therefore, the computational effort needed to solve it, but it may make the model more realistic. In this paper, a new planar competitive location and design problem with variable demand is presented. By using it, it is shown numerically for the first time in the literature that the assumption of fixed demand influences the location decision very much, and therefore the selection of the type of demand (fixed or variable) must be made with care when modeling location problems. Finally, two methods are presented to cope with the new model, an exact interval branch-and-bound method and an evolutionary algorithm called UEGO (Universal Evolutionary Global Optimizer).     

竞争环境下客户服务投入对企业利润影响的均衡分析

客户服务投入是企业吸引新顾客和维持现有顾客的重要手段之一。然而,服务投入究竟是否能给企业带来价值？对于这一问题,业界和学界都没有明确的答案。本文通过建模的方法研究在竞争的市场环境下,固有的市场因素对客户服务投入价值的影响。研究发现,服务竞争的市场均衡结构是两家厂商都投入客户服务。服务投入给企业带来的价值随着产品差异度的提高而提高,随着厂商自身市场份额的增加而增加。即,在产品差异度高的市场,服务投入更容易给企业带来价值。而在集中度高的市场,服务投入更容易给市场份额大的企业带来价值。     

基于消费者效用的移动服务定价策略研究

从移动服务产品的特征出发,以二元价值系统的效用理论为基础,从基本价值功能和超越价值功能2个方面度量移动服务产品的消费者效用。考虑在3方博弈的情况下,消费者效用对购买力的影响,通过对不同服务优势运营商定价策略的讨论,探讨了价格水平和消费者效用对运营商利润和市场份额的影响。     

A MARKET UTILITY‐BASED MODEL FOR CAPACITY SCHEDULING IN MASS SERVICES

Only a small set of employee scheduling articles have considered an objective of profit or contribution maximization, as opposed to the traditional objective of cost (including opportunity costs) minimization. In this article, we present one such formulation that is a market utility‐based model for planning and scheduling in mass services (MUMS). MUMS is a holistic approach to market‐based service capacity scheduling. The MUMS framework provides the structure for modeling the consequences of aligning competitive priorities and service attributes with an element of the firm's service infrastructure. We developed a new linear programming formulation for the shift‐scheduling problem that uses market share information generated by customer preferences for service attributes. The shift‐scheduling formulation within the framework of MUMS provides a business‐level model that predicts the economic impact of the employee schedule. We illustrated the shift‐scheduling model with empirical data, and then compared its results with models using service standard and productivity standard approaches. The result of the empirical analysis provides further justification for the development of the market‐based approach. Last, we discuss implications of this methodology for future research.     

THE MARKET SHARE IMPACT OF SERVICE FAILURES

This paper develops a simple but powerful model that relates service satisfaction/dissatisfaction to market share. The model is based on an intuitive service satisfaction framework that relates three service system parameters (service success rate, complaint rate, and service recovery rate) to the percent of satisfied customers. A dynamic model is then posited that relates the defection rate and the addition rate to market share changes. The service satisfaction/market share model yields useful insights into how market share is influenced by these service system parameters. The surprisingly simple model predicts changes in market share due to changes in customer satisfaction.     

On the location of new facilities for chain expansion under delivered pricing

We study the problem of locating new facilities for one expanding chain which competes for demand in spatially separated markets where all competing chains use delivered pricing. A new network location model is formulated for profit maximization of the expanding chain assuming that equilibrium prices are set in each market. The cannibalization effect caused by the entrance of the new facilities is integrated in the objective function as a cost to be paid by the expanding chain to the cannibalized facilities. It is shown that the profit of the chain is maximized by locating the new facilities in a set of points which are nodes or iso-marginal delivered cost points (points on the network from which the marginal delivered cost equals the minimum marginal delivered cost from the existing facilities owned by the expanding chain). Then the location problem is reduced to a discrete optimization problem which is formulated as a mixed integer linear program. A sensitivity analysis respect to both the number of new facilities and the cannibalization cost is shown by using an illustrative example with data of the region of Murcia (Spain). Some conclusions are presented.     

冷链物流采购第一评分密封招投标研究

针对食品冷冻、冷藏的冷链物流是一种特殊物流,食品安全和品质是其首要目标,同时还要考虑到及时性、运营成本等属性,所以冷链物流采购要考虑的是一个多目标问题.为采用招投标制度构建高效现代的物流采购市场,设计专门的招投标规则来对相应的物流供应商进行遴选有着非常的必要性.本文将多目标置于采购方的评分函数中,通过设计第一评分密封招投标规则来突破只对价格的考虑,对推动冷链流的高效采购和行业发展具有现实意义.