《民族区域自治法概论》简介

《民族区域自治法概论》一书(江立等合写,新疆人民出版社出版),以宪法规定的有关民族区域自治的原则为指导,以民族区域自治法的各项条款为研究对象,对自治法的性质、任务、指导原则、自治权、民族关系等内容进行了全面阐述。《概论》首先从法学基础理论的角度论述了自治法的研究对象和民族立法体系:“民族区域自治法研究的对象是关于民族区域自治的法律现象。”“在我     

论《民族区域自治法》的根本职能

论述了解放和发展民族地区生产力是<民族区域自治法>的主要职能和根本原则,指出要使社会各界从解放和发展民族地区生产力这个理论高度充分认识<民族区域自治法>的重大意义,并将其作为贯彻和实施<民族区域自治法>的原则.     

新形势下贯彻实施《民族区域自治法》若干问题研究

20年的实践表明, 《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》是符合我国国情和各民族根本利益的一部好法,为实施民族区域自治这一国家的基本政治制度提供了坚实的法律保证。当前,我国开始了全面建设小康社会的历史进程,充分发挥《民族区域自治法》在促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展中的制度保障作用,是民族工作者、研究人员非常重要的一项任务。本文试就《民族区域自治法》贯彻执行当中的若干问题作一些探讨。一、以新的视野认识《民族区域自治法》的历史地位和作用第一,《民族区域自治法》凝聚着我们党和国家处理民族问题的高度智慧和宝贵经…     

史筠著《民族区域自治法概论》出版

全国人大民族委员会顾问,北京大学、中国人民大学、中国社科院研究生院兼职教授史筠的新著《民族区域自治法概论》,已由辽宁人民出版社出版. 该书包括两个部分:一部分论述什么是中国的民族区域自治制度以及民族自治地方的建立,民族区域自治法制建设的历史过程.另一部分论述了制定民族区域自治法的指导思     

民族区域自治法的配套法规建设十分重要

民族区域自治作为解决民族问题的党的一项基本政策和国家的一项基本政治制度,和“三个代表”的重要思想是一致的。民族区域自治法做为我国宪法的一个重要组成部分,多年来发挥着重要作用。在政治上,民族区域自治法进一步巩固和发展了民族大团结,保障了各少数民族当家作主     

从法律到法治的民族事务治理——以《民族区域自治法》为核心的探讨

民族区域自治法是实施宪法关于民族区域自治制度的基本法律,是民族自治地方实行自治的基本法律依据。民族区域自治法实施三十年推动了民族地区各方面事业的发展,在实施过程中也暴露出一些问题,要以与时俱进的态度和开拓创新的精神来完善和发展民族区域自治,深入贯彻落实民族区域自治法,推进我国民族事务治理体系和治理能力的法治化、现代化。     

落实《民族区域自治法》 加快民族地区经济发展

《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》(以下简称《民族区域自治法》)做为指导我国民族关系的基本法,对于维护民族团结、加快民族地区发展、保障民族自治制度发挥了十分重要的作用.《民族区域自治法》颁布实施20年来,总结过往经验、研究政策措施、共商民族地区发展大计,必将进一步推进我省民族地区经济社会发展.我委贯彻落实《民族区域自治法》的做法是:     

船已出港 翘盼护航——人大代表谈《民族区域自治法》

敬爱的周总理曾将我国的民族区域自治制度称为"史无前列的创举".的确,《民族区域自治法》颁布实施以来,正在各民族自治地区逐渐得到贯彻执行,带动和促进了民族地区的政治、经济和文化事业的发展,在我国政治制度中确立了其重要位置.但回首前九年,对《民族区域自治法》的实施,我们还抱着一种期待的心情.参加八届人代会的各民族     

民族区域自治法颁布实施30年:回顾与展望

民族区域自治法是实施宪法规定的民族区域自治制度的基本法律。通过对我国民族区域自治的法制建设过程的历史回顾,重点分析了民族区域自治法颁布实施30年来所取得的巨大成就。在回顾民族区域自治法发展历程和成就的基础上,从实践和理论层面探讨了民族区域自治法亟待解决和完善的问题,并提出了对策建议。     

改革与民族区域自治法

《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》颁布实施已经三年了。这是仅次于宪法的一个基本法律。它是我国实行民族区域自治30多年的实践经验的科学总结。民族区域自治法是在改革的年代制定的,贯穿着改革的精神。在制定自治法的过程中,     

民族区域自治制度与民族关系和谐的实证研究——基于云南藏区的问卷调查

本文以问卷调查采集的数据为依据,运用实证分析的方法对云南藏区民族区域自治政策落实情况与民族关系作了相关考察。认为民族区域自治制度的实现程度与民族关系的和谐呈显著正相关;民族认同与国家认同并不相悖,国家认同高于民族认同,民族认同寓于国家认同中;民族区域自治制度巩固了平等、团结、互助、和谐的民族关系;当代中国各民族的国家认同植根于中国特色社会主义伟大实践中,并将得到进一步巩固和升华。     

民族区域自治制度的比较研究

文章对我国的民族区域自治制度与前苏联、东欧等社会主义国家的联邦制进行了比较研究，认为前苏联等社会主义国家之所以选择联邦制，其重要原因之一是上述国家各民族之间存在巨大差异，不具备建立单一制国家的条件；民族共和国联邦制作为缓和民族矛盾的产物，本身存在制度缺陷，因而在一定条件下又直接促成了上述国家的解体。我国自古以来就是一个统一的多民族国家，民族区域自治制度具有历史和现实的科学依据，是符合我国国情和各民族根本利益的政治制度，这是我们的政治优势，必须坚持，不能动摇。     

中国少数民族人口布局的变迁及其诱因分析

在少数民族人口增幅长期高于汉族人口的情况下,1990-2000年间中国少数民族人口的地域分布也发生了显著变化,出现了聚居地少数民族人口持续增长、欠发达民族地区人口外流、发达地区少数民族高增长等众多趋势.造成这些变化的诱因,显然是与经济、交通、区位这三大因素有密切关系.     

“程度性动词”的使用与“民族区域自治权”的保障——对民族区域自治若干法律性文件文本的比较分析

《宪法》、《民族区域自治法》和《国务院实施〈中华人民共和国民族区域自治法〉若干规定》在法律条文中使用了大量无法通过法律解释予以明确的"程度性动词",这些"程度性动词"的使用,取决于民族区域自治权本质上是民族自治地方获得"国家"特殊照顾和优惠的权利这一"积极权利"的性质;民族区域自治的法律性文件在条文中使用"程度性动词",正是国家根据实际情况落实民族区域自治权的弹性需要。     

Being close to ethnic peers: the formation of ethnic residential clustering from a household perspective

To assess the impact of segregation a better understanding is required why minorities and natives decide to move closer to ethnic peers. This study investigates the drivers for ethnic residential clustering from a household perspective. For this, household panel data for Germany is linked to small-scale information on the share of co-ethnic neighbours and to the number of regional housing offers and requests. As a result, life-course changes and indicators of cultural openness show similar effects on ethnic residential clustering for migrants and natives. For both, becoming married, inter-ethnic partnerships and moving out of the parental home lead to lower shares of neighbours with the same ethnic background. Major differences exist regarding contextual factors. Natives are more likely to self-segregate in times of increasing housing supply while migrants seem to face limitations in access to housing in times of increasing housing demand. The results highlight the importance of the housing market and the relation of moving choices between migrants and natives in the formation of ethnic residential clustering.     

论我国民族区域自治的创新与发展的几个问题

本文从我国民族区域自治制度的组织形式、实现形式、自治机关民族化和自治机关设置、民族区域自治法律制度及政策等方面讨论民族区域自治的创新与发展。     

关于我国少数民族选举制度的几个问题

少数民族选举制度作为人民代表大会制度以及选举制度的重要组成部分 ,是依照《中华人民共和国宪法》和《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法》以及其他法律的规定 ,保障少数民族的选举权和被选举权并产生代表参与管理国家事务的一项政治制度。本文首先提出了少数民族选举制度与民族区域自治制度以及民族乡制度同为最具中国特色的保障少数民族政治权利的三项政治制度的命题 ,并着重论述了少数民族选举制度产生的依据、产生和发展的历程以及贯穿其中的原则     

创新理念 推进自治制度运行和自治地方治理现代化

Deepening reform, promoting the rule of law, and implementing the “Five Develop￣ment ” concepts have had a deep influence on the modernization of governance in ethnic autonomous regions. Based on a review of 30 years of success￣ful experiences in implementing ethnic regional au￣tonomous law, and focusing on the concepts of“innovation, coordination, green development, openness and sharing”, we need to conduct in -depth research on the ways to:promote governance by law, realize the modernization of governance;and promote the efficient implementation of ethnic autonomous systems in the ethnic autonomous re￣gion.
The 155 ethnic autonomous areas of China cover 64% of the total area of the country. There￣fore, the governance of the country cannot be a￣chieved without modernizing the governance in the ethnic autonomous regions. Modernizing the gov￣ernance in ethnic autonomous regions is a necessa￣ry element for modernizing the governance of the nation. The modernization of the ethnic autono￣mous regions actually means the legalization of the governance in ethnic autonomous areas, which is a main part of the legalization of the ethnic affairs.
The comprehensive, deepening of reform, and promoting governance by law have been strongly promoted. We should start from reality, respect differences, and take the development concepts of“innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing” into consideration so as to promote the ef￣ficient implementation of ethnic regional autono￣mous systems through various methods. We should update our concepts, weaken specificity, solidify locality, intensify new thinking, innovate the run￣ning of ethnic autonomous systems, and promote the modernization of governance in ethnic autono￣mous regions. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the theories and practices used since the imple￣mentation of ethnic regional autonomous regula￣tions, and under the premise of intensifying “the legalization of ethnic affairs”, we should deepen the comprehensive reform of the ethnic autonomous regions, comprehensively promote the governance by law, and realize the goal of building a moder￣ately prosperous society as scheduled through im￣proving and innovating the running of ethnic re￣gional autonomous systems.
“Ethnic areas are districts with rich resources and water sources; they are ecological screen zones, cultural characteristic zones, border areas, and poor areas.” At the same time, due to histori￣cal, social and natural factors,“the natural condi￣tions of most ethnic areas are not good; their be￣ginning phase of development is low; they have many historical debts; they are located far away from the central markets and urban areas;their ur￣ban-rural gap is very obvious”, and “their gap with the eastern areas ( of China) is growing larger and larger”. The reform and the promotion of gov￣ernance by law in ethnic autonomous areas should put more emphasis on locality, ethnicity and “au￣tonomy”. Of course, we must avoid of “artificial￣ly” intensifying ethnic consciousness, and creating ethnic “differences”. Meanwhile, we should “im￣prove the capability for legal management of ethnic affairs”, “intensify the construction of laws and regulations related to ethnic work”, “legally han￣dle those issues involving ethnic factors”, “insist on resolving issues involving ethnic factors by the law, and avoid of regarding civil and criminal problems related to ethnic people as ethnic prob￣lems, or regarding common disputes in ethnic are￣as as ethnic problems. ”
We should affirm that China’s ethnic relations are harmonious, and that their economics are de￣veloping rapidly. Since the implementation of the policy of “reform and opening -up”, especially since 2005 , the economics in ethnic autonomous regions have developed dramatically; the people’s living conditions have continuously improved;bas￣ic infrastructure has significantly speeded up; and ecological protection has solidly improved. Howev￣er, the problems still prevail. For example, the poverty in ethnic areas is still serious—there are more than 25 million poor in ethnic rural areas. Therefore, the task of poverty alleviation is still very tough. In addition, the gap between urban and rural areas and between different regions is very large in ethnic autonomous regions. Finally, the rate of urbanization is very low.
In sum, during the process of modernizing so￣cial governance in ethnic autonomous regions, we must pay full attention to the five“stage character￣istics” of ethnic work in China which are the:( i) co - existence of opportunities and challenges brought by the “reform and opening -up” policy and the socialist market economy;( ii) co-exist￣ence of the state’s constant support to the ethnic ar￣eas and its low level of development; ( iii ) co -existence of the state’s constant support to the eth￣nic areas and the weak level of basic public service capability in ethnic areas; ( iv ) co -existence of the constant exchange and fusion between various ethnic groups and the disputes involving ethnic fac￣tors;and ( v) co-existence of the great achieve￣ments in anti-national splittism, religious extrem￣ity, and violent terrorism, as well as the active ter￣rorism activities in some areas. Only when we rec￣ognize this situation, can we understand the speci￣ficity of doing ethnic work in China. The innova￣tion of governance of ethnic autonomous areas and the promotion of governance by law in the whole country must start from this actual situation.
At present, we still need to clarify the conno￣tations of autonomous rights. Based on a clear clar￣ification of the basic meaning of ethnic regional au￣tonomous rights, we should deepen reform, active￣ly transform the governance of the ethnic autono￣mous regions, further deepen relevant theoretical studies, and positively promote the ethnic regional autonomous system. The main purpose of the eth￣nic regional autonomous areas is to promote the de￣velopment of the various affairs of ethnic minorities and ethnic regional autonomous areas. The purpose for improving the ethnic regional autonomous sys￣tem is to ensure the development of ethnic minori￣ties and ethnic regional autonomous regions. Im￣proving the ethnic regional autonomous system should transform from one of preferential treatment to one of nuanced development.
Looking back to the past, the legal construc￣tion of ethnic regional autonomy has made great a￣chievements. However, the preferential policies of the state and relevant institutes are still the real factors promoting the development of the various af￣fairs of the ethnic minorities and ethnic autonomous areas. As described in this article, there are multi￣ple factors which influence the efficiency and per￣formance of the ethnic regional autonomy. The eth￣nic autonomous regions are restricted by natural conditions and economic development, therefore, they have to depend on assistance from the state and the relevant institutes—this is the objective re￣ality. However, the improvement of the ethnic re￣gional autonomous system must change the status of the past, and enable the ethnic regional autono￣mous system play out its actual role so that the va￣rious affairs of ethnic minorities and ethnic autono￣mous regions can step onto a road of nuanced de￣velopment.
The future development of the ethnic regional autonomous system depends on the consensus of theoretical and practical circles, i. e. a long-term mechanism whose purpose is to enable the system itself play its actual role should be established. Only by such a mechanism, can these puzzling problems be solved and gradually improved. Tak￣ing the breakthrough of the actual effect of the sys￣tem as the starting point of the ethnic regional autonomy’s deepening of the reform, one should take the following aspects into consideration:1 ) re-examine existing laws and regulations, and im￣prove them on the basis of institutional norms, en￣hance normalization, uniformity and manipulability of the ethnic regional autonomous regulations; 2 ) sort out the relationship between the institutions in ethnic autonomous areas and the upper levels of the state institutes, as well as the relationship be￣tween the institutions on the same level;on the va￣rious institutional levels, enhance clear cognition on the position, role and organizing principles of the ethnic regional autonomous system, and avoid taking the ethnic regional autonomous system as the affairs of the ethnic autonomous areas;3 ) im￣prove the supervisory mechanisms for running the ethnic regional autonomous system; and 4 ) im￣prove the mechanisms for handling disputes on the running of the ethnic regional autonomous system.
We must work closely, share the achieve￣ments, and promote the operation of the ethnic re￣gional autonomous system. For this purpose, we should:1 ) standardize the management of the eth￣nic regional autonomous system, and weaken the“specificity”;2 ) promote the governance capabili￣ty of the ethnic regional autonomous areas, and so￣lidify the concept of“locality”;3 ) enhance auton￣omous awareness and capability, intensify “new thinking”, motivate initiatives from the autonomous areas, and improve the autonomous system from the bottom-up, and rationally allocate the power and rights of the high-level organs and the auton￣omous organs in the ethnic autonomous areas.     

2011年中国民族法学研究述评

2011年中国民族法学研究成果颇丰。这些研究在内容上的有以下特点：一是内容较为全面,其中民族司法的研究增多且有理论突破;二是出现了一些梳理性、反思性研究成果;三是应用性研究成果增多。这些研究在方法上的有以下特点：一是研究视角的多元化,法律政策学、软法话语成为研究的新视角;二是注重实证研究;三是注重比较研究。在全面梳理的基础上,笔者根据研究内容所涉及的民族法学基本理论、民族权利保护、民族区域自治、民族法制建设、民族习惯法、民族法制史、民族司法等方面分别对其主要成果进行了介绍与评价,在辨别良莠、展示精华的同时,力图为中国民族法学研究的不断繁荣提供可借鉴性的年度综合史料。     

我国民族教育研究中的几个问题

民族教育是中国少数民族教育的简称,是一门揭示教育的一般原理在具体民族环境中应用的一般规律的科学,是教育学的分支学科。我国民族教育研究的任务是通过实现我国少数民族教育的现代化来促进各少数民族文化的现代化转型。