供应商机会主义行为对信息共享与运营绩效的影响

在交易成本理论基础上,构建供应商机会主义行为、信息共享与运营绩效之间关系的理论模型。以广东省珠三角地区189家制造企业为研究对象,利用结构方程模型对供应商机会主义行为、信息共享与运营绩效的关系进行实证研究。将信息共享划分为信息共享内容和信息共享质量两个维度,将运营绩效划分为速度、服务和财务3个维度。研究结果表明,在供应商机会主义行为与信息共享的关系层面,供应商机会主义行为对信息共享内容和信息共享质量均有显著的负向影响;在信息共享与运营绩效的关系层面,信息共享内容和信息共享质量均对运营绩效有显著的正向影响;而供应商机会主义行为对运营绩效有显著的负向影响。根据上述实证研究结论给出供应链企业和政府的相关管理启示。     

企业-供应商关系与合作绩效路径模型实证研究

企业与供应商的合作已成为中国企业运营的重要方式,企业与供应商的关系成为双方合作成功的关键.依据相关理论分析提出假设路径模型,针对 139 家企业的 260 份有效问卷的调查数据,运用因子分析的方法,证实中国企业-供应商关系包括信任、信息共享、承诺和依赖4个维度,合作包括直接合作和间接合作两个途径,然后进行信度和效度检验.针对提出的假设模型,运用结构方程模型的方法进行假设检验和路径分析.实证结果表明,企业与供应商双方的信任通过直接合作和间接合作的途径对企业合作绩效具有直接和间接的正向影响,且影响程度不同;信息共享通过直接合作途径对合作绩效具有间接影响;双方的承诺通过间接合作对合作绩效具有间接影响;双方的依赖程度对合作绩效的影响不显著.研究结果为管理者提供了提高企业合作绩效的方法和启示.     

三元采策略的影响因素研究

为了更好地获取和利用供应商网络中供应商资源与能力,制造企业需要通过采购活动主动地对供应商网络进行配置与管理,由此三元采购策略成为学术界讨论的热点问题.在文献分析的基础上,本文从制造企业、组织间关系和供应商3个层面提取了三元采购策略的影响因素,并引入采购绩效来评价三元采购策略的效果.本文通过在全国不同地区调查收集的365份样本,实证研究了影响因素、三元采购策略与采购绩效间的作用关系.研究发现,采购管理技能、采购地位、高管支持、封闭式治理机制、目标一致性、制造企业与供应商间相互信任、供应商间相似性、供应商能力以及供应商意愿正向影响制造企业三元采购策略;三元采购策略对采购绩效也有显著正向影响.同时,影响因素中采购管理技能、供应商能力和采购地位还直接作用于制造企业的采购绩效.     

“主动选择”与“被动适应”

绿色物流体系包括了集约资源、绿色运输等五个方面,逆向物流是其中的一个方面,企业构建逆向物流体系的动力有两个方面：企业主动选择与企业被动地适应政府的规定。本文根据物流行业发展的国内外的差异,分析企业的逆向物流体系构建的动力源泉。     

三元采购策略的影响因素研究

为了更好地获取和利用供应商网络中供应商资源与能力,制造企业需要通过采购活动主动地对供应商网络进行配置与管理,由此三元采购策略成为学术界讨论的热点问题。在文献分析的基础上,本文从制造企业、组织间关系和供应商3个层面提取了三元采购策略的影响因素,并引入采购绩效来评价三元采购策略的效果。本文通过在全国不同地区调查收集的365份样本,实证研究了影响因素、三元采购策略与采购绩效间的作用关系。研究发现,采购管理技能、采购地位、高管支持、封闭式治理机制、目标一致性、制造企业与供应商间相互信任、供应商间相似性、供应商能力以及供应商意愿正向影响制造企业三元采购策略;三元采购策略对采购绩效也有显著正向影响。同时,影响因素中采购管理技能、供应商能力和采购地位还直接作用于制造企业的采购绩效。     

高层管理支持、环保创新实践与企业绩效——资源承诺的调节作用

本论文基于珠三角地区148家制造企业的问卷调查,对高层管理支持、环保创新实践与企业绩效之间的关系进行实证研究,并进一步验证资源承诺对环保创新实践与企业绩效之间关系的调节作用。研究结果显示:高层管理支持对环保创新实践有显著的正向影响,环保创新实践显著正向作用于企业的环境绩效,但对企业经济绩效没有显著的直接作用,而是会通过环境绩效间接地作用于企业的经济绩效。此外,研究还发现资源承诺对环保创新实践和企业经济绩效之间的关系有正向调节作用。     

基于企业价值的我国家电上市公司的战略集团与绩效关系研究

本文基于企业市场价值战略集团划分方法,对我国家电上市企业进行了战略集团的划分,实证了战略集团与绩效间的关系.实证表明在我国家电产业上市公司中的战略集团之间存在显著的绩效差异,进而指出战略集团应被看作为影响企业绩效的一个重要因素.     

信息技术应用水平对企业逆向物流绩效影响的实证研究

当前国内对逆向物流管理中信息技术应用及其对绩效影响的研究较少。本文通过逻辑分析。归纳出本研究的理论假设模型,探讨信息技术应用水平对逆向物流收益和服务水平的影响,并分析逆向物流流程规范程度的问接作用效果。以91份有效的国内企业调查问卷数据作为数据分析的主要来源。本文采用典型相关分析法和前向选择多元回归分析法检验假设,得出最终模型,从而验证和补充了前人的理论。文章结论：信息技术应用水平对逆向物流收益有明显影响,但是对服务水平影响不大,而且流程规范程度对信息技术应用水平与逆向物流绩效间关系的中间影响作用不显著,最后文章分析原因,并对我国企业逆向物流信息化进行了展望。     

新产品开发过程中的外部参与对企业绩效的影响

基于资源依赖理论、社会资本理论、创新搜索理论和信息处理理论,探讨新产品开发过程中的供应商参与和客户参与对企业绩效不同维度(运作绩效和财务绩效)的影响作用以及IT能力的调节效应.利用176家中国制造企业的调研数据,采用多元线性回归和调节效应的检验方法对研究假设进行实证检验.研究结果表明,供应商参与对企业财务绩效有显著的正向影响,对企业运作绩效的影响不显著;客户参与对企业运作绩效和财务绩效的提升都有显著的推动作用;IT能力正向调节供应商参与与企业财务绩效之间的关系.     

供应商供应网络位置与企业绩效：网络认知能力的作用

从供应商的供应网络视角考察企业如何管理和利用供应商的资源和能力。在简要梳理已有研究的基础上,探讨供应商供应网络位置对制造企业绩效不同维度（运作绩效和创新绩效）的影响,并研究制造企业网络认知能力的调节效应。通过问卷调查获取237个中国制造企业样本数据,应用多元层次回归分析方法进行实证检验。研究结果表明,占据优势网络位置的供应商对制造企业运作绩效和创新绩效的提升具有显著的推动作用,而网络认知能力加强了供应商供应网络位置与制造企业绩效之间的关系,即制造企业的网络认知能力越强,企业通过选择并利用具有优势网络位置的供应商所实现的运作绩效和创新绩效越大。最后对制造企业的供应商管理实践提出相关建议。     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.     

The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11-32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

Control at work: a generalized resource factor for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms?

During the last two decades two potent groups of predictors for work-related musculoskeletal problems have been identified: physical work load and poor psychosocial working conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects. In this study the buffering effect of control at work with respect to the negative effects of psychological demands and physical work load on musculoskeletal problems is examined. All study variables were sampled from 431 people working in geriatric nursing homes in Germany by means of questionnaires. Main effects and interactions were tested with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that control buffered the effects of high psychological demands, but not of high physical work load; the buffering effect of control was observed only when physical work load was low. The combined effects of demands and physical work load were over-additive. Thus, the power of different predictors for musculoskeletal symptoms depended on the level of other predictors. This suggests that the efficiency of certain strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal problems is likely to depend on the level of risk factors, with different strategies being appropriate for different levels of risk.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.