浅析农村青年高价彩礼问题

随着社会的进步、生产力的发展以及国家政策的影响,人们的思想观念发生了很大转变,当代农村青年的大多婚姻家庭习俗也随之变得简化,农村地区的许多传统婚姻习俗在不断淡化甚至逐渐消失。但是,在众多的婚姻习俗中,彩礼习俗并没有随着人们婚姻观念的转变而转变,在广大农村家庭中仍广泛存在。因此从传统习俗、社会观念等方面分析了农村高价彩礼存在的原因,高价彩礼给人们生活带来的影响,并分别从经济、社会、法律方面提出遏制农村青年高价彩礼的对策和建议。     

家庭帮衬:农村青年婚姻中高额彩礼的形成机制分析

对山东省S村的调查发现,农村地区彩礼形式日益多样,且数额在逐年攀升,已超过农民正常家庭年收入的几十倍之多。运用布迪厄实践社会学理论对其进行解释,发现家庭帮衬成为农村青年婚姻中高额彩礼的动力机制和保障机制。首先,家庭帮衬作为农村青年男女缔结婚姻的重要价值之一,形塑了婚姻对象的选择范围,在区域内的通婚场域中,性别失衡所致的位置差与作为象征资本的彩礼转化是高额彩礼形成的动力机制;其次,彩礼分配维系的社会联结,以及所象征的支配力量,促进了社会关系的再生产,使家庭帮衬成为彩礼分配的义务性结果,使付出方成为权益方,从而成为高额彩礼形成的重要保障。     

农村彩礼性质的区域比较研究

不同于宏观性的一般化概括和具体经验的描述总结,立足于中国农村区域差异的中观视角,在村庄社会结构和社会文化区域比较的基础上,理解农村彩礼性质的区域差异问题。南方团结型村庄,村庄宗族性结构力量及规范性强,代际关系厚重均衡,婚姻自主性较高,婚姻市场竞争性一般,农村彩礼还保持传统性的一面,缓慢稳定地变迁。北方分裂型村庄,村庄竞争性强,代际关系厚重但不均衡,婚姻自主性弱,婚姻市场竞争激烈,彩礼上涨迅速,成为代际剥削的手段。中部分散型村庄,社会结构力量弱,代际关系均衡,婚姻市场竞争弱,农民的理性化程度高,婚姻彩礼是一种理性化模式。农村区域差异的视角,为我们深刻理解农村彩礼的区域差异及变迁模式提供了中层理论建构。     

彩礼支付结构转变与彩礼的攀升逻辑

既有涉及彩礼攀升问题的研究对彩礼支付结构转变与农村彩礼攀升之间的关联关注较少,研究试图建立一个分析框架去揭示支付结构转变对农村彩礼提升的促发机制。研究发现,打工经济为彩礼提升构建了经济前提,彩礼由婆家流向娘家到婆家娘家共同流向新人家庭的结构变迁中,女方父母由彩礼消费者到资源支持者的变化致使娘家要价的舆论压力减小、要价能力增强。而男方父母为子完婚的代际伦理责任使其彩礼应价能力较弱,容忍度较强。此外,婚姻缔结中债务权责主体分离的代际伦理和彩礼比高原则促成了农村彩礼价格的攀升。     

"叫礼":苏南农村青年婚姻新礼俗及其社会机制

苏南农村调研发现,当地婚姻仪式中盛行"叫礼",而非彩礼.叫礼仪式下,代际财产转移由男女双方共同承担,从夫居住形式逐步消亡,妇女与男性在家庭权利和责任义务上是一种对等关系,妇女有命姓权和人情规则制定权.新的婚姻仪式的形成深嵌在当地村庄社会经济基础中,并家婚姻模式、较强的代际能力和妇女财产权的发展是叫礼形成的根本原因.叫礼预示着父权、男权的极大削弱,苏南地区形成的这种性别互惠关系值得关注和研究.     

联合家庭再生产模式:理解低额彩礼的一种视角——基于粤北宗族性村庄的考察

家庭是理解彩礼性质和彩礼变迁的重要变量。婚姻偿付理论和婚姻资助理论关于彩礼性质的解释存在形式主义的局限。事实上,彩礼嵌入在特定的家庭再生产模式中,并受到家庭动力学机制的具体规定。华南地区的联合家庭再生产模式是理解当地低额彩礼的结构性原因。这种家庭再生产模式具有低度代际支持、低度代内竞争和低度社区竞争等特点,强调联合家庭整体的文化认同,从而抑制了彩礼上涨的动力,维持了彩礼水平的相对均衡。联合家庭再生产模式具有相对独立性,它有助于抵消婚姻市场失衡导致的婚姻要价效应,进而低成本地实现家庭再生产。     

“愤怒的青年”婚姻中女性受虐现象及其阶级愧疚感探析

"愤怒的青年"婚姻模式多为"富家女爱穷小子",这类婚姻往往成为阶级斗争的战场。斗争的一方是出身低微的男青年,他们希望凭借婚姻进入中上层社会,但又对妻子所代表的中上层社会满怀敌意。斗争的另一方是受虐的女青年,她们成为"愤怒的男青年"阶级提升的工具、阶级斗争的替罪羊。这些女性之所以选择这种婚姻,承受其带来的痛苦,在很大程度上要归因于其阶级愧疚感。     

彩礼,怎么给合适

中国自古以来婚姻的缔结,就有男方在婚约初步达成时向女方赠送聘金、聘礼的习俗,这种聘金、聘礼俗称“彩礼”.女方收受彩礼后,也会送男方一些物品,称作“回礼”,俗称“嫁妆”.彩礼本是传统婚俗“三媒六聘”中订婚的象征,然而,在现实生活中,彩礼有时却被赋予了太多的物质含义,甚至成为沉重的负担.     

浅析清末民初的婚姻变化及其影响

清末民初时期的中国处于社会大变革时期。其中婚姻的形式、婚姻观念和女性在婚姻中的角色也发生了新的变化。这些变化一定程度上使妇女身心得到解放,个人意愿得到尊重,社会上男女平等观念逐渐深入人心,同时也让妇女的独立意识开始萌发。然而,清末民初婚姻变化有着明显的局限性,对妇女地位的彻底改变作用十分有限。     

关于皖北M村高价彩礼现象的调研

随着我国经济的发展,农村正在经历着社会转型与社会变迁,其中彩礼习俗的变迁最为明显。近年来,彩礼随着人们生活水平的提高一路水涨船高。笔者阅读国内外相关文献,通过文献法、深度访谈法、观察法来深入剖析目前农村地区存在的高价彩礼现状、产生的原因、造成的影响等,并提出遏制高价彩礼的可行措施,借此呼吁社会大众关注高额彩礼给农民生活带来的巨大影响,改善彩礼继续攀升的趋势,引导彩礼充分发挥其正功能。     

以高校校报的创新发展加强党建育人工作

加强高校党建育人工作,筑牢抵御＂和平演变＂及思想渗透的钢铁长城,具有深远而重大的战略意义。高校校报作为党的喉舌耳目和重要宣传舆论工具,理所应当在加强党建育人工作中发挥重要而积极的作用。     

Private property and the problem of the miraculous: the kramats and the city of Cape Town

This paper seeks to explore the place of kramats the graves of Muslim saints or Auliyah – in the landscape of contemporary Cape Town. The kramat sites have been proclaimed as heritage sites because of their importance as tangible signs of Islam at the Cape. At the same time, the process of the kramats becoming heritage sites has contained moments of intense, often sensational, public contestation. Offering a reading of the discourses surrounding two contested kramats in Cape Town, this paper explores the way kramats mark out a miraculous space in the prosaic modern city and introduce into the post-apartheid evaluation of heritage, alternative conceptions of space and notions of temporality. They are sites of impossibility where, it is claimed, the laws of nature themselves are interrupted to mark the intangible particularities of the site. This paper explores what happens when this miraculous space is subject to the demands of private property and municipal law and the conflicts that arise from this collision of different conceptual and experiential modalities. It considers the effects of the entanglement of legend and history that result from the production of these sites as heritage in a market-driven economy.     

On the expansion of the market and the decline of the family

Over the past two hundred years, large, modern firms have tended to replace small, family businesses. In parallel, the family has declined as a social institution. We suggest that these developments are interrelated. Because information of cheating in market transactions spreads only gradually in large markets, the reputation of the family firm could support contractual performance only in small, traditional markets. As markets grew in size, this reputational mechanism could no longer operate. The small, family firm was then replaced by the large, modern firm. This transition led to a decrease in the importance of the family.      

The Manifestation of Senses and Memory in the Obese and the Family of the Obese

No abstract available for this article.     

Disappointing and deviant youth and the rage of the elders

A generalized adult hostility toward youth derives from the complexities of the parent/child relationship, often mirrored in the helper/client and therapist/patient dyads. Parents derive considerable or little narcissistic gain from the accomplishments of their offspring, and conversely, are disappointed or even mortified by their failures. This is particularly true of narcissistically vulnerable parents—helpers and therapists as well—and accounts for widespread attitudes of competition, disparagement, and outright hostility toward young people. In the extreme, the pathological situations of emotional exploitation, incest, and physical abuse occur, but lesser forms of exploitation, such as personally gratifying advocacy, political gain, cultism, and enhancement of professional status, point to similar, but seemingly less destructive, forms of narcissistic gain. Youth may respond by conforming, defying, disappointing, and deviating. Adults may be either pleased, or enraged.     

Brexit and the Future of the Left

The referendum on British membership in the European Union divided not only the society in the UK but also the left both in Britain and all over the continent. This division however is produced not so much by this specific debate but by a deeper problem of the left capitulating ideologically and accepting neoliberalism as something objectively inevitable (even without publically recognizing it), replacing class struggle by ‘progressive’ cultural values that themselves form an essential part of the new capitalist hegemony. Leftist intelligentsia with its cultural critique of capitalism is no alternative to the current system, rather it is one of its pillars. While class division was very visible in the Brexit vote, with the working class and poor massively voting for ‘Leave’, most of the left either sided with the establishment or was wavering. Thus the success of the ‘Leave’ vote can be claimed by nationalists. Even after this political disaster instead criticizing itself leftist intelligentsia is blaming the people for being provincial and not accepting their progressive European values. However it was exactly the mass of common people in England who by voting for ‘Leave’ contributed to the formation of the new European agenda. Overcoming and unmaking bureaucratic, authoritarian, and neoliberal EU institutions is the only way to progress towards the making of a new democratic Europe.     

Modernity and the Contingency of the Public

The idea of a public contingent on its participants is the analogue of resonance to music because neither would make sense without the other. This article introduces the concept of modernity as a framing device and explains the occlusion of the private by the public. Secondly, the article illustrates the Legal-Autonomous Public Model, and the Multiple Public Model in the work of John Dewey, Walter Lippmann, and Kenneth J. Arrow. Public space is what Foucault was alleged to have called '´ecriture', which refers to a convergence of and intermixing of signifiers within a de-gendered setting (hence ´ecriture, as opposed to l'´ecriture). The great contest between Lippmann and Dewey in the 1920s signified a clashing of the two interpretations of the public with one arguing about the need for a return to a constitutionally guaranteed, left-of-centre public philosophy that would entertain the elite while taking care of the poor, and the other a plea for a rationalistic recourse that surmised and envisaged rational public discourse as only one of several possible publics. The article concludes with the notion that the constructions of public space defined by Dewey, Lippmann, and Arrow promote distinct yet related interrogations of public space that is more than an agora of resonating ideas, but includes a kind of automatic reverberation on its own axes.     

Women and the Emergence of the NAACP

This article discusses contributions of women to the emergence of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Using network analysis, the author studied affiliations between African American and White women who signed “The Call,” a petition calling for a national conference to obtain civil rights for African Americans. These links led to the origin of one of the most successful organizations in the fight for equality. Their experiences reflect the segregation and conflicts of the era. They also suggest strategies for facing cultural issues today. Teaching about social work history, its legacy of reform, and its commitment to social justice gained from the social movements of the Progressive Era can help social work students, most of whom are women, understand how social change can occur.     

Altruism and the Endurance of the Good

Egoism is a pervasive trait in modern market societies that encourages people to focus upon their own self-interest above all else. Third-sector organizations, by contrast, are frequently termed altruistic. This essay elucidates the meaning of altruism as it applies to these organizations. Moral altruism means direct concern for another's well being—whoever that person might be. This study rejects psychological egoism as a meaningful psychological theory, and ethical egoism as a coherent moral position; it discusses empirical studies of altruism in rescuers of Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe as proof against the former form of egoism and Kant's moral theory against the latter. The essay then argues that altruism is a form of public action in Hannah Arendt's sense of this term. The essay concludes that third-sector organizations are altruistic insofar as they engage in public action, thereby, treating beneficiaries with respect for their individuality.