资源禀赋会转化为制造业竞争力吗？--来自空间面板杜宾模型的经验证据

推动“中国制造2025”的实现是提高中国制造业国际竞争力的关键。以影响区域制造业竞争力的因素为视角,分别选取储量、产量进行资源禀赋双维测度,并在利用显性对比优度指数探析区域制造业竞争总体分布态势的基础上,通过引入FDI溢出、单位劳动力成本构建空间面板杜宾数据模型,对资源禀赋与制造业竞争力之间的动态关系及溢出响应进行了系统估计。结果表明：区域制造业竞争力提升过程中存在“资源诅咒”效应,并会扩散及影响周边地区制造业的发展;而在单位劳动力成本产生负向外溢效应的背景下, FDI正向溢出效应作用发挥有限,且难以有效弥补由于区域资源的开发利用不当造成的制造业竞争力不足的困境。实施行之有效的破解制造业“资源诅咒”措施迫在眉睫。     

再论中国证券市场过度反应实证检验--方法论与数据周期敏感性分析

过度反应作为行为金融学的重要命题和“反转交易策略”的理论基础,对市场有效理论构成了严峻的挑战。我国学者针对中国证券市场是否存在过度反应进行的大量实证检验,在方法论上存在不同程度的偏差,结论的分歧主要源自这些偏差和数据选取周期的敏感性。中国证券市场输家组合在所有周期上均存在过度反应;赢家组合在短周期上存在反应不足现象,在长周期上反应过度,但存在滞后现象,滞后期长度与排序期长度负相关。     

中美企业制造业战略的比较研究

竞争全球化给每个国家的制造业带来新的挑战与机遇。各国政府和企业都在制定适应全球竞争的制造业战略和走向“世界级制造业”的有效计划。“美国制造”是世界级制造业的典型代表,是“中国制造”的主要竞争对手和学习标杆。透视中美制造企业的制造目标、制造实践的应用情况,中国企业应借鉴美国经验评价自身经营活动的质量,制定经营规范,确定今后行动的方向或优先次序。     

浙江制造业产业竞争力提升:环境变迁与路径选择

浙江是制造业大省,总体上劳动密集型制造业规模偏大,产业层次与产品附加值偏低.2008年国际金融危机以来由于国际市场环境变化,浙江制造业及其产品市场竞争力有所弱化,产品赢利能力和水平逐渐下降,浙江面临如何加快结构调整与产业升级,提升制造业产业竞争力的问题.“十二五”时期浙江制造业要通过过剩产能转移,压缩劳动密集型制造业规模,提升制造业产业层次;通过技术创新与产品创新,提高制造业产业发展水平;通过市场化产业整合,提高制造业产业集中度.既要保持劳动密集型制造业的传统竞争优势,又要提升技术密集型制造业竞争能力,更要增强制造业的产业整体竞争力.使浙江制造业在经济环境变迁与产业转型升级中推陈出新,更上一层楼.     

论郑观应商战思想的启示

鸦片战争以降，西方列强开始蚕食瓜分中国，向中国输出资本，企图控制中国经济主导权。面对西方国家的经济侵略，郑观应等有识之士提出商战思想应对，希望“以商立国”，包括“以商养兵，以兵护商”、大开门户建立“万国商场”、借助国家之力积极建造机器制造业、鼓励私人企业发展、在商战中面对背叛行为时采取“一报还一报战略”等商战策略。郑观应的商战思想对中国当下的经济发展、制造业提升以及中美贸易战依然具有借鉴和启示意义。     

中国制造业单位劳动力成本变化趋势——以2002-2016年数据为依据

利用细化数据测算2002-2016年中国制造业小时劳动力成本、小时劳动生产率和单位劳动力成本,并与28个不同类型国家或地区进行比较分析.结果表明:在2002-2016年期间,中国制造业小时劳动力成本和小时劳动生产率都经历了快速增长,小时劳动力成本的增长速度明显超过小时劳动生产率的增长速度,单位劳动力成本先基本不变,后快速上升.中国城市制造业的小时劳动力成本、小时劳动生产率、单位劳动力成本都比乡镇要大.中国制造业单位劳动力成本已经超过菲律宾、马来西亚等周边国家,较墨西哥、俄罗斯、哥伦比亚、智利、土耳其的劳动力成本优势也基本消失.中国政府应高度重视单位劳动力成本过快上升的问题,防范倒逼机制失效的风险.     

基于扎根理论的村庄劳动力资源流动趋向及动因分析

在城镇化和新农村的共同作用下，作为农民传统聚居地的村庄发生了演变，有的村庄随着大量农村劳动力流向城市成为空心村，有的村庄建设成为新型农村社区。尽管村庄劳动力要素流失是普遍现象，但目前也呈现出一些新特点，即从原来单纯的单向流动发展为复杂的双向流动，村庄劳动力资源的流入流出频率和数量都有所增加，尤其是发达地区的村庄表现得更为明显。不同村庄的劳动力资源流动情况既存在共性的地方，又具有各自的特点。村庄经济发展状况是村庄劳动力流动的最初动因，经济性动机起决定性作用。农民自身的技能水平、社会资本积累状况、资金的获取等资本整合情况决定了劳动力的流动趋向，而无论决策的结果是进城还是回乡，目前来看生计型转移是农村劳动力资源流动的主导模式。     

"民工潮"对中国东西部地区发展差距的负面影响

“民工潮”对中国的东西部地区发展差距到底起着什么作用?文章从一个特定的角度指出 ,由于“民工潮”这种机制的存在 ,导致中国的东部地区能够获得近乎无限供给的廉价劳动力 ,从而使中国的东部劳动密集型产业迟迟不能向中西部转移 ,既影响了中国中西部的经济发展 ,也延误了东部地区的产业结构升级。同时 ,由于中西部还无偿地为东部地区承担了大量劳动力的培训成本。因此 ,在中国既定的经济发展背景下 ,“民工潮”的机制对东西部地区的相对发展差距的影响消极面大于积极面 ,必须采取有效措施及时予以解决     

发展中国家的“教育过度”与政策取向

发展中国家因为经济、科技的落后，教育和文化的发展水平相应也比较低。由于人们的受教育程度较低，影响到劳动力的素质，从而制约了经济的发展速度。发展中国家的劳动力资源，一方面是大量的劳动力数量过剩，处于失业和半失业的不得其用状况；另一方面是高素质的劳动力大量缺乏，处于稀缺状况，不得不从国外引进技术专家到国民经济及高精尖部门工作。按理讲，发展中国家应该大力发展高等教育，以本国培养的人才来替代外国专家，而不可能存在国民的“教育过度”问题。然而事实并非如此。“教育过度”是指这样一种状况：发展中国家受过现代教…     

回乡,还是进城?——中国农民外出劳动力回流研究(英文)

自1980年代后期以来,中国农民的大规模跨区流动即“民工潮”日渐成为令人瞩目的社会现象。到了1990年代中期,正当“民工潮”汹涌澎湃之时,有人指出“民工潮”的发展已带动了农民工回乡“创业”的到来。这在学术界和政策界引起了农村劳动力流动方向的讨论。即:在中国经济进入全面结构调整的背景下,农民是选择继续进城打工还是回乡创业。讨论的重要性在于,农民究竟会选择什么样的就业环境与就业方式。本文对回流现象在社会经济学框架内进行了研究,分析了过去20年的发展趋势。文章还根据安徽和四川两省的抽样调查数据讨论了回乡农民工的特征。初步的观察表明,在中国现阶段,农村劳动力外出仍是解决农民就业和农户收入增长的主要途径。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Social security reforms in Kenya: Towards a workerist or a citizenship‐based system?

With social security provisions in Kenya remaining under‐reported in the more recent literature, this overview covers recent reforms in key areas of the country's social security system. In the health sector and in old‐age pension provision social security is still mainly workerist (biased toward those in formal employment), and attempts to expand coverage have had limited effect only – cash transfer programmes, for instance, have been expanded but in practice they do not universally cover the entitled categories. Thus, although the Kenyan social security system now has a considerable pro‐poor social assistance component it remains biased toward those in formal employment, to the benefit of the highest income quintile.     

A Man Can be Destroyed but Not Defeated

Santiago,the main hero in the Old Man and the Sea is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish,the sail of his skiff resembles "the flag of permanent defeat." But the old man refuses defeat at every turn:he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin,tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight,and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey,even though he knows the battle is useless. He establishes a great hero:a man can be destroyed but not defeated.     

Feminist Criticism in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great book. Through feminist criticism we can get how The Scarlet Letter may be read as dramatizing Hester Prynne's spiritual and physical struggle to survive as an individual in a society whose values authorize the privileged power of men.     

循环经济与可持续发展刍议

发展循环经济已经成为当今世界的潮流和趋势,循环经济将经济活动组织成为"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的物质反复循环的闭环式流程,从上世纪90年代确定可持续发展战略以来,发达国家正在把发展循环经济、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现方式.循环经济是集经济、技术、社会于一体的系统工程,其启动和推广不仅需要政府、企业、科学界和公众等社会各界的不懈努力和共同参与,而且需要资金、技术以及法规、制度等软硬环境的强力支撑.     

Determinants of Perceived Safety Among the Elderly

Abstract

A survey of randomly selected elderly residents (N = 301) of a largely rural county in Northwest Ohio sought to explore the perception of the fear of crime victimization. Those who participated in the study were asked a series of questions about their community, actual experiences of crime victimization, perception of fear related to victimization, and social support. Logistic regression analyses were computed to explore perceptions of neighborhood safety. Most participants reported limited experiences of victimization. As expected, in this rural environment, there was more reliance on informal supports and limited use of existing formal services.     

Social protection systems and the future of work: Ensuring social security for digital platform workers

Digitalization is transforming societies and economies worldwide at an unprecedented scale and pace. In the wake of automation and digitalization, new forms of employment have been emerging in various occupations and sectors, such as the digital platform economy. The emergence of new forms of employment, such as work on digital platforms, requires that existing social protection systems adapt to the specific situation and needs of such workers, as to realize the human right to social security for all. Current social protection coverage for workers on digital crowdwork platforms reveals significant gaps in social security coverage. Where such coverage exists, it is often provided through the workers’ previous or additional jobs, or indirectly through their spouses or other family members. This raises questions about digital platforms free riding on the traditional economy with regard to the financing of social security. How can social protection systems adapt to changing forms of work to ensure full and effective coverage for workers in all forms of employment, including those in “new” forms of employment? How can workers in all types of employment, including those on digital platforms, be protected in an adequate and comprehensive way, combining contributory and non‐contributory mechanisms and based on equitable and sustainable financing mechanisms, so as to ensure adequate social protection to all?     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.