创业者网络能力与创业机会:网络位置和网络跨度的作用机制

在创业初期,创业者对创业资源和创业机会的获取都依赖于其社会关系网络。而社会关系网络的有效构建、发展和管理能力成为制约创业者获取创业成功的重要因素。本文提出创业者网络能力的概念,将其划分为三个维度:网络愿景、网络构建和网络管理。作为社会资本的重要来源,创业者网络能力通过不同的外部社会资本(网络位置、网络跨度)对创业机会识别和开发产生影响。研究结果表明:创业者网络能力对创业机会识别和开发均具有显著的正向作用;创业者网络能力与网络位置在作用于创业机会识别时,发挥替代作用;网络跨度在创业者网络能力与创业机会识别之间发挥了中介作用。     

创业板上市公司投资行为研究

本文采用托宾Q理论观察创业板上市公司的投资行为,发现创业板公司上市前普遍存在过度投资行为,但在上市的当年及以后年度均处于价值最大化的投资状态,即存在上市前托宾Q＜1,上市后托宾Q＞1的现象.从高技术企业发展理论与社会资本角度,对其投资动因进行剖析后,本文认为,扩大经营规模是创业板公司投资的内在动因,创业企业家的社会关系网络是创业公司投资重要的推动因素.     

资本自由化、内部资本配置与代理成本

本文从外部制度环境和内部资本配置两个角度,对创业企业代理成本影响因素展开大样本实证研究.研究结果表明,区域的资本自由化程度越高,创业企业的代理成本越低,其中由降低政府干预程度和产权制度创新构成的资本自由化因素作用最为明显.研究还发现,创业企业的内部资本配置对代理成本有着重要影响,具体表现为:1)拥有个人资本或外商资本的创业企业代理成本显著低于拥有国家资本的创业企业,并且外商资本比例或个人资本比例越高,代理成本越低;2)短期负债率的提高能有效降低以营业费用率为表征的代理成本,但却提高了以管理费用率为代表的代理成本,显示现阶段我国债权人治理效应仍然存在一定的局限性.这部分结果在一定程度上也为资本自由化进程对创业企业治理影响机理提供了证据.本文的研究为未来金融改革方向、创业环境政策制定及国有创业企业产权多元化提供了一定的实证依据.     

高管灵性资本与创业绩效的关系研究

从整合高管灵性资本和组织合法性视角,探讨高管灵性资本对创业绩效的影响以及组织合法性在高管灵性资本和创业绩效间的中介作用。研究选取创业企业高管和其创业绩效为研究对象,利用我国长江三角洲地区122份创业企业的调研数据,并运用多元层次回归方法对研究假设进行验证。研究结果表明:高管灵性资本对创业绩效和组织合法性具有正向影响,组织合法性在高管灵性资本和创业绩效之间起部分中介作用。这一中介模型说明了企业高管可以通过提升灵性资本水平进而提高组织合法性,为企业成长、发展和壮大提供原动力。     

创业资本市场投资商羊群行为研究

金融市场投资者行为是引致市场波动的基础力量,作为金融市场体系重要组成部分的创业资本市场,创业投资商行为也是决定市场稳健发展的重要因素。通过构建计量模型,基于美国创业资本市场1995年第1季度～2008年第1季度投资交易量的面板数据,实证研究创业资本市场中投资商行为及对创业资本市场的影响。研究结果表明,美国创业资本市场中的创业投资商在投资过程中存在较为明显的羊群行为,投资商的羊群行为不仅助推了市场繁荣时期泡沫的生成与累计,还加速了市场衰退期泡沫破裂的进程;创业投资商对高科技行业投资时的羊群行为度明显高于其他行业,退出波动对投资的强化机制的作用是显著的。研究结果对中国创业投资引导基金的运作、创业板市场的推出和创业资本市场的监管具有重要的启示意义。     

女性创业动机及创业资本述评

女性创业在经济发展中的作用已经引起世界各国的重视,并且越来越受到政府和学术界的关注。在影响女性创业的众多因素中,创业动机和创业资本对创业产生最为直接的影响。因此,以创业动机和创业资本为主题进行梳理,将更直接的把握女性创业的内在规律。     

社会资本与女性创业——基于GEM数据的跨国(地区)比较研究

从女性的社会地位和社会角色分工切入,探讨在不同经济发展水平和制度背景下社会资本对其创业选择的影响,并采用全球创业观察(global entrepreneurship monitor)和全球政府治理指标(worldwide governance index)两个大型国际数据库进行跨国(地区)比较研究,发现女性创业者社会资本与其创业选择呈倒U型关系,在一定阈值下社会资本能增加女性的创业选择,而超过该阈值社会资本的增加反而会降低女性的创业选择.同时,女性个人的人力资本和国家(地区)的经济发展水平会削弱社会资本的上述作用,制度环境则会增强社会资本的上述作用.这一研究揭示了社会地位、社会角色期望对女性参与创业活动的束缚,是将女性的社会角色纳入创业分析的一次有益探索.     

规制成本和资源禀赋对地区居民创业意愿的影响

地区开展商业活动的成本和资源禀赋对居民创业意愿有显著的影响,引入规制成本这一测量地区居民开展创业活动由政府规制所引发的成本负担变量,利用全球创业观察项目数据,对地区规制成本与居民创业意愿的关系进行回归分析,探讨在规制成本一定的情况下,影响地区居民创业意愿的资本因素.实证分析发现规制成本显著降低居民的创业意愿,但对居民的生存型创业意愿影响不大.在剔除规制成本的影响后发现,金融资本高的地区居民有较高的创业意愿,并且会更多地从事机会型创业,人力资本和技术资本对居民创业意愿有正向影响,而技术资本禀赋越丰富的地区,居民越不可能进行生存型创业.     

关于创业投资退出渠道的优劣比较分析

创业资本的退出渠道的选择会受到国家和地区、创业资本的来源、资本市场的发育程度等因素的影响,不同的创业资本退出渠道,其资本收益水平以及风险性存在很大差异。因而,各种退出机制都存在各自的优劣。     

社会治理的人本逻辑:资本困局与破解

正在商品经济中,资本既是一种生产要素,也是一种社会关系,它突破了经济领域的界限,僭越到社会领域,使社会围绕着资本逻辑展开,资本带来了社会的物化,将社会困入"物"的牢笼,社会关系被颠倒为"物"的关系。20世纪以来,抵制资本的"社会反向运动"迫使国家重视社会治     

高层管理团队内部社会资本、团队冲突和决策效果的关系——研究综述与理论分析框架

反映在结构因素、关系因素和认知因素三个维度上的高管团队内部社会资本为决策信息的交换和共享提供了机会、意愿和能力,有利于团队内部形成建设性的冲突模式,促进决策效果的提高.本文以团队冲突为中介变量,建立了高管团队内部社会资本与决策效果的关系的理论框架,提出了研究命题,并对企业高管团队内部社会资本的培育提出建议.     

The Development of Entrepreneurial Leadership: The Role of Human,Social and Institutional Capital

This paper contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial leadership development. Leadership studies are characterized by an increasing emphasis given to an individual leader's social and organizational domain. Within the context of human capital and social capital theory, the paper reflects on the emergence of a social capital theory of leadership development. Using a retrospective, interpretivist research method, the authors present the experience of a cohort of business leaders on an executive development programme to uncover the everydayness of leadership development in practice. Specifically, they explore how entrepreneurial leadership develops as a social process and what the role of social capital is in this. The findings suggest that the enhancement of leaders’ human capital only occurred through their development of social capital. There is not, as extant literature suggests, a clear separation between leader development and leadership development. Further, the analysis implies that the social capital theory of leadership is limited in the context of the entrepreneurial small firm, and the authors propose that it should be expanded to incorporate institutional capital, that is, the formal structures and organizations which enhance the role of social capital and go beyond enriching the human capital stock of individual leaders.     

A Social Capital Perspective of Innovation from Individuals to Nations: Where is Empirical Literature Directing Us?

Social capital is regarded as the bedrock of innovation. However, inadequate efforts have been made to synthesize the way in which different components of social capital dynamically influence innovation. This paper reviews existing empirical studies on the relationship between social capital and innovation of the individual, team, organization, city and nation. Analyses were carried out to identify consensus, discordances and gaps in the social capital–innovation connection. The findings suggested that the structural components of social capital, including ego network size, structural holes, tie strength and centrality have a significant impact on innovation. Their impact, however, tends to be moderated by contextual and intellectual factors, such as the nature and type of innovation, internal vs external ties, costs of maintaining the ties and existing intellectual capital. The relational components of social capital, trust and cognitive norms, demonstrated a consistently positive relationship with innovation across contexts. The cognitive components of social capital have not sufficiently established their contribution to innovation apart from the other two dimensions. Several insights regarding the general literature on social capital and innovation were identified, including the conceptualization of social capital, measurement of innovation, and the causal relationship between social capital and innovation. Suggestions are offered for future research agenda. Implications for managerial practices based on the study findings are also drawn.     

我国科技外交人员社会资本与工作绩效的实证研究

分析了科技外交人员社会资本及其与工作绩效的相互影响,在此基础上,采用社会资本评价指标体系对我国现有科技外交人员群体进行了测度;然后,对社会资本水平与工作绩效的相关性进行了分析,并证明了两者之间存在正相关关系;最后,提出了提升我国科技外交人员队伍整体实力的根本途径.     

Utilization and value of social networking relationships in family and nonfamily firms in an African transition economy

This study investigates the utilization of managerial networking relationships with social and political entities to create social capital in family-owned and nonfamily firms, and compares the impact of the value of the social capital derived from the networking relationships on performance between family-owned and nonfamily firms. Using data from Ghana, the findings show that there are differences in the utilization of networking with social and political stakeholders to create social capital by family-owned and nonfamily firms. While networking relationships with government bureaucratic officials and community leaders have an inverted U-shaped relationship with performance for family-owned firms, it has a linear, positive and monotonic relationship with performance for nonfamily firms. Overall, the findings suggest that networking relationship matters, but extensive utilization of networking relationships with external stakeholders may have diminishing returns to performance for family-owned firms.     

High Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study on Manufacturing and Service Organizations in Pakistan

A two level analysis was conducted to examine the impact of High Performance Work Systems (HPWS) on organizational performance by investigating four most prevailing theories in HPWS literature i.e., human capital (Resource based view), social exchange, relational coordination, employee attitudes and behaviours. It was proposed that HPWS predicts improved organizational performance and this relationship can be strengthened through intervention of human capital development, degree of social exchange among organizations and its members and productive relationships among employees. It was further argued that HPWS results into employee motivation, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviours, which ultimately results into better organizational performance. Results from 17 manufacturing and service organizations confirmed the significance of association of implemented and perceived HPWS with managerial and employee rated organizational performance. Mediation analysis confirmed the contribution of human capital, social exchange, relational coordination and OCB towards organizational performance but no influence was found for employee attitudes on HPWS-performance linkage.     

社会资本、吸收能力对创新绩效影响的实证研究

以企业知识理论为基础,从吸收能力这一视角出发,剖析企业外部社会资本和内部社会资本与企业创新绩效之间的关系;依据经典文献,对外部社会互动、基于认知的信任、共同语言、内部社会互动、基于情感的信任和共同愿景与知识识别、知识获取、知识共享和知识应用的关系进行重新梳理,并对知识应用与企业创新绩效的关系进行阐述;构建概念模型,并采用469个样本进行实证。研究结果表明,基于认知的信任、共同语言促进知识识别,外部社会互动、共同语言促进知识获取,内部社会互动抑制知识共享,基于情感的信任、共同愿景促进知识共享,基于情感的信任促进知识应用,知识识别促进知识获取,知识获取促进知识共享和知识应用,知识共享促进知识应用,知识应用促进企业创新绩效。从整体上看,吸收能力在企业社会资本对企业创新绩效的影响中起中介作用。     

社会资本与核心关系能力

以社会资本与核心关系能力的整合为研究对象。通过界定社会资本的概念,以核心能力特征参量罗盘作为指导,论述企业决定核心关系能力的相应4方面的投资策略。     

技术资源管理对社会资本和产品创新中介作用研究

中国企业在创新的过程中非常重视发挥外部社会联系的作用,企业通过各种渠道从外部获取技术资源,却忽视了企业内部的资源管理,最终难以形成技术创新.以社会资本理论和基于资源的理论为基础,通过对226家中国企业的调研数据分析发现,企业的技术资源管理对外部社会资本与产品创新之间有显著的、完全中介效应,即外部社会资本只有在企业具备技术资源管理能力的情况下才能实现产品创新.该结论对中国企业制定自主创新战略有一定的借鉴和指导意义.