家长式领导、冲突与高管团队战略决策效果的关系研究

本文以四川省78家企业371名高管团队成员为实证研究对象,探讨了CEO的家长式领导行为对高管团队战略决策效果的影响,以及团队冲突在其中的中介作用.同时,构建了包括家长式领导、认知冲突、情绪冲突和决策效果四个变量的概念模型,并提出相应的理论假设.通过结构方程模型的检验,表明CEO的德行领导和威权领导分别从正反两个方向对决策效果产生显著的影响,仁慈领导对决策效果没有显著的直接影响.德行领导主要通过认知冲突作用于决策效果,仁慈、威权领导则通过情绪冲突作用于决策效果.     

高管冲突与团队决策绩效——基于控制模式的调节分析

整合冲突理论与公司治理控制理论,揭示控制模式(所有制)在高管冲突与团队决策绩效关系中的调节作用,利用中国10个省345份国有企业和民营企业样本,运用层级回归分析对假设进行验证.研究结果表明,高管认知冲突有助于提高团队决策绩效,高管情感冲突负向影响团队决策绩效;同时所有制对于两类冲突的调节作用不同,相对于国有企业,民营企业中高管团队情感冲突与团队决策绩效的负相关关系显著减弱,高管团队认知冲突与团队决策绩效的正相关关系并无显著差别.研究发现,要有效提高高管团队决策绩效,既应通过所有制的改变降低情感冲突对决策的负面作用,也应该寻求体制调整之外的具体管理方式适度激发认知冲突.     

商业生态系统治理、高管团队社会资本与企业商业模式创新

受数字技术变革与应用影响，企业价值创造边界不断外扩，进而导致商业生态系统取代双边伙伴合作成为企业开展商业模式创新的主要情境。在此背景下，本文聚焦研究商业生态系统中的企业如何适应商业生态系统治理进行商业模式创新的机制。从非核心企业视角出发，主要探讨了商业生态系统治理对企业商业模式创新的影响，分析了高管团队社会资本的中介作用，进而剖析了商业生态系统开放性、企业生态位重叠度的调节作用。研究发现：（1）商业生态系统关系治理和契约治理均对企业商业模式创新有显著的正向影响；（2）高管团队内部社会资本与外部社会资本在商业生态系统治理影响企业商业模式创新中发挥着多样的中介作用；（3）商业生态系统开放性、企业生态位重叠度均正向调节了高管团队内部社会资本与企业商业模式创新的关系，且均负向调节了高管团队外部社会资本与企业商业模式创新的关系。     

新创企业高管团队的团队过程与战略决策绩效 ——认知的调节作用

新创企业的成败很大程度上取决于战略决策绩效,具有决策权力的高管团队在创业情境下的认知和行为过程对战略决策绩效具有重要影响。本文结合创业研究和高管团队研究的现有成果,以122家新创企业为研究对象,从内部团队过程和外部团队过程两个维度考察高管团队的团队过程对战略决策绩效的影响,并从认知的视角分析新创企业高管团队认知需要和认知能力对团队过程与决策绩效关系的调节作用。研究结果表明,新创企业高管团队的内部团队过程和外部团队过程与决策的质量和满意度均有显著的正相关关系,且认知需要和认知能力对这种关系具有调节作用,在认知需要和认知能力较高的情况下,内、外部团队过程对决策质量和满意度的正向影响更强。     

女性参与高管团队对企业绩效的影响:基于中国民营企业的实证研究

受传统观念的影响,女性在中国社会的地位长期受到轻视,其在商业中的作用更是一直为人们所忽视.然而,随着中国民营经济的蓬勃发展,不少女企业家取得了令人瞩目的商业成就,女性开始崛起为企业界的一股新的力量.那么,女性参与高管团队是否能为企业增加价值呢?性别差异是否能够成为一种优势而使女性管理者更好地进行决策和管理企业呢?本研究以关于企业高管团队的文献为基础,以中国民营企业为研究对象,采用2008年民营上市公司数据,探讨女性参与高管团队与企业绩效之间的关系,并且将这一关系置于女性高管的人力资本和社会资本两个调节变量的背景下,进一步探究影响女性参与高管团队与企业绩效之间关系的原因.研究结果表明,女性在高管团队中的参与能够提升企业绩效,这种时绩效的提升随着女性高管的人力资本和社会资本的提高而增强.本研究从高管团队成员性别差异的角度丰富了现有的高管团队理论体系,并且为中国处于蓬勃发展中的民营企业的成长提供了有意义的实践指导.     

基于1996~2020年文献计量分析的团队冲突管理研究知识图谱与热点趋势研究

以1996~2020年Web of Science核心合集数据库中团队冲突在管理学研究中的文献为研究对象,运用Citespace等可视化科学工具绘制了团队冲突研究关键词共现图谱和战略坐标图,系统分析了团队冲突管理研究内容的内在关联与发展脉络,并绘制了团队冲突管理研究的热点趋势主线框架。研究结果发现:团队内部冲突、信任、绩效、战略性决策是团队冲突管理研究的热点。在未来的研究中,探究不同类型冲突间的转化过程及边界条件是明晰团队冲突结构及作用机制的突破口;结合其他冲突类型及团队生命周期各阶段展开对团队冲突与绩效影响关系的讨论是对团队冲突影响结果的有益探索;辨识高层管理团队成员间的信任障碍问题、虚拟团队中的快速信任机制是信任与冲突关系研究的重点议题;探究不同冲突管理策略组合运用的作用机理是找到冲突解决方案的关键一环。     

团队内冲突对团队决策质量和满意度影响的实证研究

冲突是影响团队决策绩效的重要变量。本文在总结了近年来国内外团队冲突研究成果的基础上,研究中国文化背景下的不同类型冲突对团队决策质量认知和满意度的影响。通过对156名企业管理人员的问卷调查,发现中国企业管理人员对团队内冲突同样可以区分为关系冲突和任务冲突两个维度,两种冲突都对决策满意度有负面影响,其中关系冲突对于任务冲突和决策满意度有中介作用。     

研发团队社会资本对创新绩效作用路径——心理安全和学习行为整合视角

一方面,研发团队作为企业创新活动的基本单位,对提升企业创新能力起着关键作用;另一方面,如何有效管理研发团队以促进创新,在现实中又面临严峻挑战.基于团队心理安全和学习行为整合视角,以151个研发团队585个研发成员为样本,实证研究研发团队社会资本对创新绩效的作用路径.研究结果表明:研发团队3维社会资本(结构、认知和关系)对创新绩效均具有显著的积极影响,团队学习行为部分中介团队心理安全与创新绩效的关系;团队心理安全部分中介团队社会资本与学习行为的关系;团队心理安全和学习行为分别部分中介团队结构资本、认知资本与创新绩效的关系,完全中介团队关系资本与创新绩效的关系.     

高管团队心理契约、集体创新与团队绩效关系的实证研究

通过对212位高管团队成员的实地访谈和有效问卷,揭示了高管团队心理契约、集体创新和团队绩效之间的关系.研究结果表明,高管团队心理契约与集体创新、团队绩效均具有显著正相关关系;高管团队心理契约对团队绩效的影响是通过集体创新这一中介变量表现出来的.集体创新在高管团队交易型心理契约与团队绩效关系中起部分中介作用,在关系型心理契约与团队绩效关系中起完全中介作用.     

高管团队冲突、凝聚力与决策质量的实证研究

一直以来,学术界呼吁加强对企业高层管理团队过程的研究,以打开这一"黑箱".本文通过对中国企业高层管理团队冲突、凝聚力和决策质量这三个团队过程中关键变量的关系的实证研究,发现团队内情绪冲突的增多会降低决策的质量,而凝聚力中的士气感则有利于决策质量的提高.另外,凝聚力中的归属感有利于情绪冲突的减少,从而间接提高了决策质量.本文一方面理论上补充了高层管理团队理论中对过程的研究,另一方面从团队过程的角度提出了加强团队决策质量的有效措施.     

Top management team constellations and their implications for strategic decision making

Two major themes in the upper echelon decision making literature are the efficacy of the CEO and the composition of the top management team (TMT). Little research has examined their intersection. This study addresses the call to reveal the social processes within TMTs, by focusing on CEO-TMT member interaction in decision making. Drawing on video ethnographic data of two TMTs, we explore the patterns of interactions between CEOs and TMT members in their strategic decision making meetings. Through an analysis of 20 issue discussions, we identify five “constellations”, a team level construct capturing the core relational dynamics that are created through mutual CEO-TMT member influence during a team's discussion of a strategic issue. We explain how these constellations unfold and their implications for the processes and outcomes of TMT strategic decision making. We then elaborate how our findings contribute to the TMT and upper echelon literatures, as well as our understanding of team politics.     

Managing C-suite conflict: The unique impact of internal and external governance interfaces on top management team reflexivity

The ability of Top Management Teams (TMTs) to reflect critically on their own actions represents an important element of effective TMT decision making and governance effectiveness. This paper therefore examines how the TMT-board interface internal to the organization, as well as the TMT interface with the external supervisory authority, shape TMT reflexivity. Drawing from governance and psychological theories, we posit that cognitive conflict at the TMT-board interface can escalate by increasing levels of affective TMT-board conflict, and hereby, harm TMT reflexivity if not managed well. This proposition was tested in a multisource team-level data set collected in the field among TMTs (N = 111 TMT members) and their supervisory boards (N = 152 board members) of 56 Dutch insurance companies. The findings demonstrate that the link between cognitive and affective TMT-board conflict is mitigated by board membership influx. Yet in cases where conflict escalation does occur, its subsequent impact on TMT reflexivity hinges on the degree to which an external supervisory authority monitored TMT actions. The results illustrate that TMT decision making processes can be effectively influenced by internal and external TMT-governance interfaces, yet at different conflict stages, and through different governance actions.     

The role of CEO emotional stability and team heterogeneity in shaping the top management team affective tone and firm performance relationship

In this paper, we aim to bridge the micro-macro divide by addressing continued calls from strategic leadership and affect researchers to examine the black box to consider how CEO characteristics relate to top management team (TMT) affective experiences, and, in turn firm outcomes. We further consider the role of one key contextual factor in this relationship: TMT heterogeneity. We predict that CEO personality, specifically, emotional stability, is positively associated with TMT affective tone. Moreover, we posit that the relationship between TMT affective tone and firm performance depends on TMT task-related heterogeneity, such that positive affective tone benefits firm performance in heterogeneous TMTs, whereas negative affective tone benefits firm performance in homogeneous TMTs. Using a novel methodology that measures key psychological aspects of the CEO and TMT, we examined 50 TMTs from publicly-traded companies to test our predictions. Our findings offer theoretical contributions to the strategic leadership, affect and diversity literatures as well as managerial applications for CEO selection and management and managing diversity in upper echelons.     

Promoting business model innovation through social media strategic capability: A moderated mediation model

The rapid development of social media has significantly affected organizational innovation activities. However, scant research has investigated how social media, as an important innovative tool within the corporate landscape, influences firm business model innovation (BMI). This paper provides an initial investigation into whether, and how, social media can be used to promote firm BMI. Drawing on the strategic capability literature, the study examines the relationship between social media strategic capability (SMSC) and BMI by focusing on the mediating role of strategic flexibility and the moderating effects of top management team (TMT) heterogeneity and environmental dynamism. Empirical results from a sample of 283 Chinese firms with two key informants each show a significant and positive association between SMSC and BMI, which is mediated by strategic flexibility. In addition, moderated path analyses indicate that TMT heterogeneity positively moderates the SMSC–strategic flexibility path, while environmental dynamism positively moderates the strategic flexibility–BMI path in the mediated relationship. Theoretical and practical implications of this study for both social media and BMI research are discussed.     

CEO–TMT exchange,TMT personality composition,and decision quality: The mediating role of TMT psychological empowerment

This research draws on the upper-echelons perspective to examine the effects of CEO–top management team (TMT) exchange quality and TMT personality composition on decision quality through the mediation of TMT psychological empowerment. Using survey data from more than 700 executives in 210 firms in a Middle Eastern country and adopting a split-data approach, we find that CEO–TMT exchange quality can advance TMT psychological empowerment. We also find that TMT neuroticism has a negative effect on TMT psychological empowerment, while TMT conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness have positive effects. Moreover, TMT psychological empowerment plays a mediating role in linking CEO–TMT exchange quality and TMT personality composition with decision quality. Our research contributes to the upper-echelons, leader–member exchange (LMX), and decision-making literature by drawing attention to the social dynamics between CEO and TMT members, as well as the psychological characteristics and psychological states of TMT members, and their implications for strategic decisions.     

The personality factor: how top management teams make decisions. A literature review

Past research has increasingly suggested that CEO/TMT personality can play a relevant role in influencing various external (e.g. firm performance) and internal (e.g. firm organizational structure) management outcomes. These promising results need appropriate systematization and discussion, which we aim at providing through a literature review based on rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria. Our analysis shows great heterogeneity in regard to both the personality traits and the personality based management outcomes explored by the investigated population of studies. Thus, we specifically use the framework provided by the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality to codify the publications and this framework allows us to identify some possible theoretical trajectories. These trajectories mainly regard the empirical testing of the highlighted associations between CEO emotional stability, extraversion and conscientiousness with bureaucratization, strategic pro-activity and firm performance. Our article is primarily intended for those scholars and practitioners who want to improve their knowledge about psychology-based decision making and behavioural corporate governance through the understanding of how CEO/TMT personality can affect their strategic decisions.     

The forms and use of intuition in top management teams

Nascent research suggests that benefits of intuition use accrue not only to individuals but also to teams. These benefits may be especially important for top management teams (TMTs), who formulate strategic decisions for their firms. However, work on intuition use in strategic decision making (SDM) remains focused on the intuitions of chief executive officers (CEOs). Furthermore, the emerging literature on team intuition is very fragmented, leaving an unclear picture of how teams may develop and use intuition in their decision-making activities. To address these problems, we integrate team intuition and TMT research to propose four forms of TMT intuition, which differ based on the locus and integration of intuition. We describe the forms of TMT intuition, clarify the mechanisms that shape them, and discuss their relevance for TMTs' decision-making activities. Overall, we advocate for strategy research that focuses on the notion of “team” in team intuition.     

Top management teams within multinational corporations: Effects of cultural heterogeneity

This research examined the relationship of cultural heterogeneity with team and organizational performance, as mediated by selected aspects of group processes. The study was done with top management teams (TMTs) in international subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs). It was found that cultural heterogeneity within the TMT is positively related to both the level of issue-based conflict the team experiences and to TMT performance. The TMT performance and the subsidiary's performance were positively related. Issue-based conflict affected negatively TMT performance but had a positive effect on subsidiary performance. The hypothesis that cultural heterogeneity would be negatively related to TMT cohesion was not supported. The results provide general support for the importance of cultural heterogeneity for the functioning of TMTs and their international subsidiaries.