失业率、年龄结构与人口迁移率的相关性研究

用定性与定量相结合的方法，从理论及实践两种角度，对影响人口迁移的主要因素进行了分析，指出：人口年龄结构及失业率是人口迁移率大小的决定因素。在此基础上，对影响我国人口迁移的相关性因素进行了分析，并对 21世纪我国人口的迁移做了预测。     

流动家庭的现状与特征分析

文章基于2011年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,从家庭规模、代数、结构和居住安排等方面,描述了流动人口在流入地的家庭特征.结果表明,家庭规模为2.46人;平均1.54代人;家庭结构以核心家庭为主(占68.6％),单人家庭次之(占27.0％),主干家庭和其他家庭各占3.3％和1.1％;2/3的子女与流动父母同住.但是,全国的平均水平掩盖了较大的地区性差别:中部地区和跨县流动者的家庭规模最大、代数最多、家庭结构更复杂、子女更易与父母团聚,而在东部地区、长三角和珠三角经济带跨省流动者中,家庭规模最小、代数最少、结构最简单,团聚更不易.这些特点透视出,各地不同的经济社会发展程度对家庭团聚设置的门槛不同,同时也折射出流动人口的自选择性.     

甘肃省人才问题研究

本文对近10年来甘肃省人才状况进行了简要总结和分析.通过对人才总量及相对存量、人才的地区分布、人才的行业、职业构成以及科技、教育(主要是师资)状况的分析,就我省人才现状及存在的问题进行了剖析,并指出了症结所在.     

高龄老人生活质量的分析

本文通过对248名八旬老人与437名七旬老人的生活质量(QOL)与生活满意度(DSL)的调查分析,发现八旬老人生活质量不如七旬老人,但生活满意度却优于七旬组;八旬老人呼吸系统与五官科疾病多见,但影响八旬老人生活质量的主要疾病是心脑血管疾病与糖尿病;婚姻状况对老人的生活满意度有重大影响.     

农民工劳动权益影响因素的实证研究——以南京市为例

文章以南京市为例,在描述外来农民工劳动权益现状的基础上,采用相关的微观计量经济学方法,从劳动合同的签订、工资是否拖欠、劳动安全的状况及日工作时间的长短4个方面对农民工劳动权益的影响因素进行了实证研究.结果发现,人力资本状况与农民工的劳动权益之间存在着显著的正相关关系;农民工的个体特征、就业的行业和单位的所有制性质,对于劳动权益状况具有一定的影响;但是工会会员身份、对相关法律法规的了解程度等制度性因素对农民工的劳动权益没有显著的影响.     

中国高龄老人健康隶属等级分析

基于反映健康不同维度上的50个变量,本文用隶属等级模型将1998年被访高龄老人的健康状态分为健康、比较健康、功能受限、体弱多病、极度虚弱五个纯类.分析结果表明,健康隶属度随龄增加而递减趋势明显,城乡在健康隶属等级上的差异与年龄和性别有关.总体上说,健康隶属等级年龄差异大于性别差异,性别差异大于城乡差异.     

提高安徽省人口文化素质的思路与对策

安徽省经济基础薄弱,教育投入不足,办学条件差,教育事业总体上比较落后,导致安徽省人口,尤其是劳动人口文化素质偏低,严重地制约了安徽省经济的发展。针对安徽省教育存在的问题和人口文化素质的实际状况,结合省情省力和"科教兴皖"战略,提出优先发展教育,包括适应市场经济的需要,调整教育结构;增大政府教育投入,并建立多渠道筹措教育经费的新体制;巩固和发展农村基础教育,优化农村教育结构;加强师资培训,建设一支高素质的教师队伍等可行性的对策与建议。     

寿命学的难题

寿命学研究的根本宗旨和归宿是揭示延长寿命的理论导向和途径,其核心问题是延长预期寿命使之日益接近最大寿命,甚至与最大寿命重合.但是,达到这一目标及其困难,甚至是不能实现的遐想.我们只能尽一切可能使两者更加接近,完全重合是在可望而不及的未来.     

对我国人口城市化道路的思考

加快我国人口城市化的发展,对推动我国社会经济的进一步发展具有十分重要的作用。中国走什么样的人口城市化发展道路一直是一个很重要又争论不休的问题。本文通过对我国城市发展方针的反思,提出了我国应走以规模扩大式为主的人口城市化道路。     

Effects of the timing of marriage and first birth of the spacing of subsequent births

Analyzing data from a fifteen-year follow-up survey of high school students originally surveyed in 1957–58 and resurveyed in 1973–74, this paper examines the effects of the timing of marriage and first birth on subsequent child spacing, holding constant the effects of other variables that may be sources of spuriousness. The results suggest that age at first marriage has a causal effect on the occurrence of a short first birth interval and that age at first marriage and premarital pregnancy interact in their effect on the occurrence of a short second birth interval. Age at first marriage has no causal effect on the spacing of the second birth for those whose first child was maritally conceived. The spacing of the first birth, however, appears to have a causal effect on the spacing of the second.     

中国人口受教育状况分析

2004年全国人口变动情况抽样调查收集了我国人口受教育状况的相关信息,根据这些信息,同时结合2000年全国人口普查的有关资料,本文对我国人口受教育状况进行了分析。结果表明,平均受教育年限继续提高,高等教育发展迅速,小学阶段义务教育达到了很高的普及率,文盲率持续下降。但是,我国城乡人口受教育程度仍存在明显差异,男女两性的受教育状况也还存在一定差异甚至在某些方面还存在比较明显的差异。1受教育水平继续提高,6岁及以上人口平均受教育年限首次超过8年,劳动力人口的平均受教育水平接近初中毕业图1 1990~2004年全国6岁及以上人口平均受…     

Examination of the status of health of population in Poland

"This article presents sources of information about the health status of the Polish population...; the number and causes of deaths, the morbidity due to more important diseases and average life expectancy.... At the same time this situation is compared with those in some European countries."     

The Importance of the Geographic Level of Analysis in the Assessment of the Quality of Life: The Case of Spain

There is a growing literature on the assessment of quality of life conditions in geographically and/or politically divided regions. Sometimes these territories are countries within a specified supranational structure, such as the European Union, for instance, and sometimes they are regions within countries. There is also some research that focuses on the municipal level of analysis, measuring the quality of life in cities. In the end what the researcher obtains is, at best, an average of the living conditions in the specified territory. However, if results are intended to have policy implications, attention should be paid to the variance in living conditions within regions. In this paper we attempt to quantify the relative importance of three different geographic levels of analysis in assessing the quality of life of the Spanish population. The geo-political division in Spain consists firstly of regions called Comunidades Autónomas, which are then divided into provinces which in turn are divided into municipalities. We are interested in evaluating the extent to which the quality of life conditions of an average person living in a given municipality are explained by the province and region in which the municipality is located. To do so, we first construct a composite indicator of quality of life (QoL) for the 643 largest municipalities of Spain using 19 variables which are weighted using Value Efficiency Analysis (VEA). VEA is a refinement of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that imposes some consistency on the weights of the indicators used to construct the aggregate index. The indicators cover aspects related to consumption, social services, housing, transport, environment, labour market, health, culture and leisure, education and security. We then make a variance decomposition of the VEA scores to assess the importance of the three levels of geo-political administration. The results show that the municipal level is the most important of these, accounting for 52% of the variance in QoL. Regions explain 38% while provinces only account for a moderate 10%. Therefore, political action at the regional and municipal level would seem to have a larger impact on QoL indicators.     

A critique of Mukherjee's index of physical quality of life

In their paper on PQLI, Mukherjee, Ray and Rajyalaxmi, have attempted to repeat Morris's Calculations, after introducing refinements, for inter-temporal and inter-regional comparisons for India, and for studying the growth of PQLI for India. They also provided a rationale for Morris's equal weights system. This Critique shows that the PQLI that Mukherjee et al. developed is totally different from Moris's PQLI, that it does not possess the essential qualities of the latter, that it leads to distorted conclusions, that it cannot measure growth and that the rationale which is based on it cannot support Morris's equal weights system.     

Community Assessment of the Effects of Casinos on Quality of Life

Social Indicators Research - Recent attention has focused upon the socialand economic impact of legalized gambling,particularly casino gambling. Thoughconsiderable attention has been paid to...     

Estimates of the number of illegal aliens: An analysis of the sources of disagreement

This article analyzes differences in estimates of the number of illegal aliens in the United States. Although smaller than differences among estimates made by some of the earlier studies, estimates constructed in the past decade often differ by several million. An examination of the problems involved in making these estimates produced four likely sources of the discrepancies. The four sources of disagreement are discussed, followed by suggestions for improving the reliability of the estimates. Some consequences for immigration law reform are also addressed.     

The Impact of the Use of Energy Sources on the Quality of Life of Poor Communities

Over the last few decades, the energy literature has been dominated by a theory of transition. The theory of transition is based on the notion that households gradually ascend an ‘energy ladder’, which begins with traditional biomass fuels (firewood and charcoal), moves through modern commercial fuels (kerosene and liquid petroleum gas (LPG)) and culminates with the advent of electricity. The ascent of the ‘energy body’, though not fully understood, is thought to be associated with rising income and increasing levels of urbanisation. Empirical evidence on energy and poverty issues has been to suggest that reality is rather more complex than the simple transitional theory would appear to suggest. To choose an appropriate set of indicators to measure the impact of electrification, this paper takes three basic different perspectives on human welfare, namely, basic needs, monetary, and non-monetary into consideration. According to the basic needs approach, welfare relates to people’s ability to satisfy their basic material needs. In the monetary approach it is a generally accepted view that the purchasing power of the household provides the best overall indicator of welfare. According to the non-monetary approach there has been a trend towards complementing economic measures of deprivation with non-monetary measures to obtain a multidimensional view of human well being, particularly by tracking health and education indicators. In the rest of the paper the two primary research projects conducted in two provinces in South Africa, namely KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, will be discussed. The one research project is still in process. However, the methodology will be discussed. In this project a comparison will be made of households’ experiences in villages with and without electricity to see if and to what extent electrification contributed to the welfare of the communities. In the second project households were interviewed about their experiences in the use of paraffin as source of energy.     

A measure of quality of opportunity

A ratio measure of the quality of choice alternatives available to individuals is introduced that can be calibrated using either actual revealed choice data or theoretical choice models.     

城镇失业人员再就业问题研究——以大连市为例

失业人员再就业是经济发展、社会进步的重要内容,是关系到社会稳定的重大问题.大连是我国重要的沿海开放城市和对外贸易口岸城市之一,也是东北老工业基地重要的组成部分,然而经济高速发展的同时失业再就业的形势却不容乐观.以大连市失业人员再就业为例,利用贝克尔歧视理论、工作选择模型深入分析了再就业的难点及其成因,并提出了解决失业人员再就业问题的措施.