社会网络属性对电子商务信任影响的实证研究

伴随着Web2.0技术和社会网络服务的发展和应用,社会网络服务与电子商务的融合成为趋势。为了研究网络的社会化属性对电子商务消费者信任的影响,本文构建了一个网络社会属性促进消费者信任的研究模型并提出了相关假设。通过问卷调查收集数据,并采用结构方程模型进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:社会网络中的真实好友推荐、网络好友推荐、好友与商家交易信息、社会网络好友的专业性以及社会网络信任因素均对电子商务信任有正面的影响,但社会网络中用户与好友交互程度对电子商务信任却呈负面影响。     

基于消费者网络的金融创新扩散研究

研究创新的时间扩散模式对于创新企业来说具有重要意义.基于消费者网络的创新扩散模型,综合考虑创新扩散数据和现实的消费者网络特征,弥补了传统创新时间扩散模型和新兴社会网络仿真研究方法的缺陷.对我国银行卡扩散数据进行实证研究发现:基于消费者网络的创新扩散模型较好地拟合了样本数据;在银行卡扩散中消费者内部的"口碑效应"发挥着重要作用;基于消费者网络的创新扩散模型揭示了各银行卡产品所面对的不同消费者网络拓扑结构,揭示了各产品消费者群体创新采纳的不同内部影响机制,研究结果有益于深入了解金融创新产品扩散的内部规律及制定有针对性的营销策略.     

基于UTAUT模型的消费者网络购物影响因素研究

以UTAUT模型为基础,将绩效期望、努力期望、社会影响、感知风险、促成因素、消费者创新性作为核心变量,同时将网购频率、月可支配收入和消费者创新性作为调节变量,提出初始理论模型和假设,并采用结构化模型方法来进行验证。实证结果表明,绩效期望、促成因素、消费者创新性对消费者采纳网络购物具有正向影响,感知风险对消费者采纳网络购物具有负向影响,而努力期望、社会影响并不会正向影响消费者的网络购物意愿。另外,网购频率、月可支配收入、消费者创新性等三个调节变量对主要变量间的关系有或多或少的影响。     

感知价值和个人特质对用户移动购物采纳意图的影响研究

从消费者感知价值和自我效能感的角度,以基于价值的采纳模型和技术接受模型为理论基础,通过调研问卷方法研究影响消费者移动购物意图的若干关键因素.结果表明,用户对于移动购物的感知有用性和自我效能感影响了感知价值,并与感知价值一起影响采纳意图.所提出的移动购物采纳模型解释度较高,对用户采纳意图给出了技术特性视角和个人特质视角的比较全面的解释,并结合研究结果对移动购物的发展提出了具体的建议.     

基于随机网络的创新扩散研究

基于ER随机图模型建立创新扩散网络,通过虚拟潜在采纳个体的决策过程,研究了创新潜在采纳主体行为、扩散网络结构与性质对创新微观采纳和宏观扩散的影响。实验结果表明,内部影响和外部影响共同决定一个成功的创新扩散。潜在采纳个体越倾向于从同质邻居个体处获取创新的评价信息,创新的扩散深度越大。随着潜在采纳者数量的增大,创新扩散的深度呈现周期性波动的特点。潜在采纳者的平均邻居数、扩散网络的聚集系数和平均路径长度与创新扩散的深度存在非单调的变化关系。创新潜在采纳主体行为、扩散网络结构与创新扩散的速度无关。实验结果有助于创新推广者制定有效的创新营销策略。     

网络外部性条件下新产品扩散的赠样策略研究

在具有网络外部性新产品的赠样营销中,所选取的最优赠样目标受到消费者购买行为和消费者网络的共同影响.在无标度消费者网络下,运用基于智能体的仿真研究方法,研究新产品推广企业利用有限的产品销售量和赠样成本信息自我学习寻找最优的赠样目标.仿真研究结果表明:正网络外部性及消费者同质情形下,在一定的临界采纳比例区域内最优赠样方案的产品扩散效果优于随机赠样方案,该区域内网络平均度越大产品扩散的速度越快,网络的异构程度则与产品成功扩散的难易和扩散速度无关;消费者异质情形下,新产品推广企业可以寻找到使产品成功扩散的最优赠样方案;同时具有正负网络外部性时,最优赠样方案与随机赠样方案实施效果无显著差异;最优赠样目标平均度大于网络的平均度,平均聚集系数处于网络平均聚集系数附近.     

高等教育激励机制的模式建构研究

本文立足现代高等教育激励机制如何有效发挥作用这一目标,探索如何建构科学的激励机制模式,使模式的功能满足激励机制教育、影响和规范学生行为的需要.同时,有效的激励机制模式要有相应的评价指标体系.本文围绕高等教育的育人目标,探讨了激励机制模式的评价指标,以形成高等教育激励机制与评价指标之间的良性互动.     

基于效果定价模式的网络直播广告定价决策研究

网络直播广告作为一种新型营销方式快速发展,优化直播广告运营主体努力水平及定价策略是一项值得深入研究的课题。本文基于广告投放效果的两种定价模式,构建了包含两个广告商和一个主播的网络直播广告定价决策模型,探索广告商与主播的最优努力水平选择及广告定价策略。研究发现:CPW(cost per watch)定价模式下,广告商承担了消费者是否购买的不确定性风险,当消费者敏感性系数偏低时,广告商会提交较低的出价,且B/D两类广告商赢得竞拍的概率相等;对比CPW模式,在CPA(cost per action)定价模式下广告商的努力水平更低,且CPA定价模式中B型(品牌型)广告商赢得竞拍的概率更大,但赢得竞拍的广告商边际利润往往较低;与广告商相反,主播在CPA定价模式下的收益大于CPW,且随消费者敏感性系数的增加,两种定价模式下的收益差逐渐增大;CPW定价模式下预期观看直播的用户量和购买率均高于CPA,网络直播市场倾向于从CPW广告定价合同中获得较大收益。     

基于非线性扰动时间连续奇异系统特征的在线竞拍出价几率变化问题研究

一个典型的竞拍过程,竞拍品的价位随时间的推移在不断上升,竞买者由自身的实力及受其他竞买者出价的影响变动着出价心理,产生出新的出价可能性.我们通过使用带有非线性扰动的时间连续奇异系统,来模拟、分析竞拍过程出价心理影响下的出价几率变化的全过程.从对模拟的过程分析可以看出,带有非线性扰动的时间连续奇异系统能够在总体上体现完整的竞价过程,模型揭示了其中的变化规律.如果在某一时刻,当价位达到一定程度时所有出价者的出价可能性都达到零,并保持之,拍卖就结束.本研究给出的模拟分析方法,对包括电子商务网上竞拍在内的拍卖行为的规律研究,提供了一种理论支持.     

环境偏好和环境税对企业技术决策的影响分析

在双寡头垄断市场结构下,分析环境偏好和环境税对企业市场需求和技术采纳决策的综合影响。结果表明:消费者环境偏好影响产品需求,激发企业绿色技术采纳动机;企业采纳绿色技术的效益与环境税税率呈现倒U型变化。     

需求均匀分布条件下的供应链渠道协调——基于奖励与惩罚的双重契约

本文研究了由生产商和分销商构成的供应链在需求均匀分布市场条件下的渠道协调机制。设计了一个惩罚和奖励相结合的契约模型,将奖惩额度和比例作为协调因子,提出了惩罚和奖励相结合的渠道协调机制。通过算例验证和分析了四个协调因子在渠道协调中的作用机制,并得出了相关分析结论。     

Effects of Individual and Group Contingency Interventions on Attendance in Adolescent Part-Time Employees

This study examined the effects of individual and group monetary contingencies on the attendance of adolescent part-time employees. Attendance increased in both individual and group contingency phases; however staff questionnaire responses indicated a preference for the individual contingencies. Future research should consider staff acceptability regarding interventions and provide guidelines for the determination of intervention appropriateness.     

Changing Conceptions of Employee Compensation

Abstract

This paper reviews and discusses many differing forms of incentive compensation systems that are being used in today's organizations. The review traces the roots of bonus compensation from individual piece-work plans through the adoption of organization-wide gainsharing plans to the growing recognition of open-book management. Reasons for the shift in units of analysis from the individual employee to the work team or organization as a whole are discussed. Explanations are also given for why many companies are beginning to concentrate on outcomes rather than process measures as indicators of organizational success. Lastly, suggestions for enhancing the research agenda and bridging the gap between science and practice are provided for the scientists and practitioners of organizational behavior management.     

Fairness and Contract Design

We show experimentally that fairness concerns may have a decisive impact on the actual and optimal choice of contracts in a moral hazard context. Bonus contracts that offer a voluntary and unenforceable bonus for satisfactory performance provide powerful incentives and are superior to explicit incentive contracts when there are some fair‐minded players, but trust contracts that pay a generous wage up front are less efficient than incentive contracts. The principals understand this and predominantly choose the bonus contracts. These results are consistent with recently developed theories of fairness, which offer important new insights into the interaction of contract choices, fairness, and incentives.     

非对称信息下基于惩罚和奖励的供应链协同机制

研究了非对称信息下生产商与供应商之间的协同机制.通过对信息隐匿和信息对称条件下供应链决策结果的比较,分析了建立协同机制的必要性,引进了基于惩罚和奖励的激励函数,提出了由订货量、惩罚成本和奖金三种激励方式相结合的协同机制,着重研究了订货量一定的情况下,生产商通过调整惩罚成本和奖金使非对称信息下供应链系统的绩效实现了最优,最后进行了仿真计算.     

多因素下累积分红寿险合同的公允定价模型

累积分红寿险合同的价格受死亡、退保、最小保证利率、年度分红和终了分红政策等多种因素影响,与一般分红寿险合同相比,其最重要的特征是存在终了分红权,现有研究鲜有建立这些因素共同影响下的终了分红权定价模型,以确定累积分红寿险合同的公允价值。为此,文章把传统精算定价理论与金融未定权益估值理论相结合,分4个步骤建立了多因素下累积分红寿险合同的公允定价模型和终了分红权的定价模型,并分析了死亡率、最小保证利率、年度分红率、终了分红率和退保因素等对终了分红权的影响,给出了不同影响因素下累积分红寿险的年均衡保费。通过蒙特卡罗方法对定价模型进行了模拟计算,并与传统的定价模型进行对比,研究发现：终了分红权的价值要高于退保权,终了分红的存在抑制了退保;随着死亡率、最小保证利率、终了分红利率的上升,无风险利率、年度分红率、资产波动率的下降,终了分红的价值呈现增加的趋势。     

异质发电商竞争下电力市场减排锦标博弈——结构与行为

利用行为经济学理论研究了电力市场中异质发电商竞争下的减排锦标博弈问题,先后讨论了不同市场与奖金结构下均衡的边际获胜概率及其最优减排努力程度． 从实验经济学角度对理论模型进行了实验检验,在此基础上将模型拓展到考虑影响发电商减排决策的非金钱因素,如社会比较的减排锦标模型,并给出了模型的最优参数估计与均衡预测值． 通过比较分析发现,在3、4 人减排锦标赛中,针对不同发电主体构成,增加胜利者奖励数量既不能驱动强者提高也不会迫使弱者降低各自的最优减排量; 无论初始调度禀赋如何,只要检验实验信息完全公开,所有发电商均存在过度减排投资行为,且在双强者单弱者参与情形下,强势发电商的减排努力水平与获胜者数量正相关关系与标准理论预测相悖; 对参数的约束条件显著降低行为经济学模型拟合度,其中广义模型均衡预测最契合检验实验的基本特征,而特定嵌套模型验证理论预测的可行性．     

Strategies and determinants of corporate support to the arts: Insights from the Italian context

Drawing on the agency theory and the stakeholder theory, this study assesses strategies for corporate support to the arts and analyzes their organizational and contextual determinants. Based on an original dataset of Italian companies benefitting from a tax incentive program, we observe the following findings: smaller companies are more likely to contribute to the maintenance of the artistic heritage of the local area where they are located, with the aim of sustaining the cultural capital of their community (local legacy strategy); larger companies are more likely to support arts and culture as part of their social responsibility strategy (rich patronage strategy); medium-sized service companies are more likely to contribute a small amount of money to cultural and artistic events with a national appeal, with the aim of enhancing their reputation (Market-oriented strategy). Our research provides useful insights to artistic and cultural organizations for designing their fundraising activities and to policymakers interested in stimulating private donations for the preservation of a country's cultural heritage.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.