推进社区服务市场化的意义及对策研究——以抚顺为例

<正>随着市场经济的不断发展和城市社区建设的不断深入,公众对于社区服务的需求日益增加并且多样化,这与当前社区服务供给短缺形成矛盾。长期以来,社区服务建设中存在着成本高、服务质量低等问题。因此,引入市场竞争机制,实行社区服务市场化势在必行。实行社区服务市场化的现实意义随着我国经济体制改革的不断深化,社会管理和公共服务体制也随之发生变     

区域性中心城市居民社区服务需求的研究——基于江西赣州市中心城区的实地调研

社区服务要以满足社区居民需求为目的,服务需求决定了社区服务的立足点。了解社区居民的服务需求才能更有效地推进社区服务的发展,更快推进城市社区的建设。为此,本文通过问卷和实地访谈调查,对赣州市中心城区40个社区的居民社区服务需求进行调查。在了解居民社区服务需求情况下,得出政府必须履行规划者、主导者职责的判断,并从需求方出发探讨政府引导的社区服务的供给模式。     

厚积和谐因子增加人民福祉

我国城市社区建设的指导方针是：改革城市基层管理体制,强化社区的功能,以社区居委会为依托,以社区自治组织建设为重点,以发展社区服务为龙头,以提高居民整体素质和生活质量为宗旨,扩大基层民主,维护社会稳定,建设环境优美、治安良好、生活便利、人际关系和谐的新型社区,促进城市经济和社会协调发展。     

加快社区建设 提升城市品位

加快城市社区建设对于提高城市管理水平、提升城市品位、推进城市化进程具有重要意义。近年来，襄樊市樊城区通过创新社区工作理念、搭建社区工作平台、创新社区机制、拓展社区服务领域和营造社区环境，着力探索加强城市社区建设的新途径。     

城市社区服务信息化实现途径研究

城市社区服务信息化成为社区信息化建设建和管理的重点之一，本文从城市社区服务信息化概念出发，分析了城市社区服务信息化内涵及内容。重点提出了城市社区服务信息化实现途径。     

关于发展社区经济的思考

随着城市社区的产生、社区服务的开展,社区和社区建设在我国经济和社会发展过程中的重要作用已形成各界广泛的共识。社区经济作为整个经济的有机组成部分,是社区建设的重要内容之一,它既是实现社区建设目标的前提条件,又是社区建设深入持久进行的重要保证。如何尽快发展社区经济,增强社区自身的造血功能,提高城市管理和服务居民的水平,是一个急需探索的重要课题。     

中国城市社区建设中的公众参与

中国城市社区建设正在兴起,公众参与是社区建设的动力。但在中国,社区才刚刚引进,公众参与程度也相对薄弱,为此笔者主要针对中国目前社区建设中公众参与不足的现象,提出了解决问题的对策。本文分三个部分进行阐述:公众参与的必要性和途径、中国城市社区公众参与的现状及原因分析、增进中国城市社区公众参与的策略。     

第四师可克达拉市福安社区服务管理问题与对策探析

兵团城镇化过程中,城市社区是构建和谐社会的重要保障,也是打通服务群众的“最后一公里”。但城市社区在发展过程中也存在一些问题,影响着社区居民的满意度和归属感。文章以新疆维吾尔自治区可克达拉市福安社区为研究案例,对城市社区服务管理情况进行调查研究,发现一些问题,并提出相应的建议。     

我国城市社区服务改革与创新探析

当前,伴随着我国社会经济的迅猛发展,许多社会问题凸显出来。社区服务作为城市社区建设的主要内容,近几年得到了快速的发展,但在实践中仍然存在着许多的问题,需要对其进行研究,以推动我国城市社区建设的前进步伐。     

文明城市社区建设之我见

社区是文明城市的主阵地,社区建设是创建文明城市的重要内容。文明社区建设的目标主要有：优美的工作（生活）环境,文明的社区文化,完善的社区服务,良好的社会秩序,和谐的邻里关系,繁荣的社区经济等。对于街道办事处来讲,建设文明社区要靠城市管理,巩固和发展文明社区建设更要靠城市管理。     

A New Era in Governmental Reform: Realizing Community

The good government models of the 1990s realized a focus that included reinventing, reengineer-ing, rethinking, quality, empowerment, and devolution of the organization. These organizational reform ideologies sought to increase involvement, improve productivity, manage performance, and drive results. One essential key that has been disregarded in these government models is the involvement of community in the decision-making process. This paper points to the importance of involving and empowering citizens in the decision-making process, particularly in regard to community justice based on the notion of restorative justice system. Community justice, a modern day reform movement with international proportions, is based on the principles of empowering community, repairing harm caused by a crime or disturbance, and reducing risk to the community.     

Noise-tolerance community detection and evolution in dynamic social networks

Dynamic complex social network is always mixed with noisy data and abnormal events always influence the network. It is important to track dynamic community evolution and discover the abnormal events for understanding real world. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm Noise-Tolerance Community Detection (NTCD) to discover dynamic community structure that is based on historical information and current information. An updated algorithm is introduced to help find the community structure snapshot at each time step. One evaluation method based on structure and connection degree is proposed to measure the community similarity. Based on this evaluation, the latent community evolution can be tracked and abnormal events can be gotten. Experiments on different real datasets show that NTCD not only eliminates the influence of noisy data but also discovers the real community structure and abnormal events.     

大武汉躁动

策划人语武汉正在发生大变化。大建设、治庸风暴、打造最优投资环境、推出城市英雄、建设概念性城市新区、城市功能转型升级、纪念辛亥革命百年……一连串看似不相及的事情,如果鱼贯而出,以某种姿态接踵而至,就会令人别有一番联想。     

Community operational research: Its context and its future

Three years ago the Community OR initiative was launched by the OR Society with the aim of providing OR for non-traditional groups such as community and voluntary organizations. There is now a Community OR Unit, a Centre at Hull University and a network for interested members. This paper explores the historical context of Community OR and, following a number of current examples, discusses important practical issues and problems which need to be tackled if the initiative is to succeed.     

Strategic issues requiring public accountability: food for thought

Although the exact outline of U.S. health reform has become fuzzy because of political events, it seems clear that major changes in the manner in which health care is delivered and financed are under way. The initiative for the most part has been assumed by state government and by the health care field itself, as managed care becomes ever more entrenched and the health care system becomes ever more integrated. An expected outcome of these changes will be demands for greater public accountability on the part of health care providers and organizations. In this article, the author discusses some of the issues--professional compensation, documenting community service, ensuring public input into planning efforts, economic credentialing and quality of care, and managing ethics under managed competition--that will have to be addressed at the local level as these shifts take place.     

Re‐Organizing Work Roles in Health Care: Evidence from the Implementation of Functional Flexibility

Functional flexibility has been advocated as a mechanism for improving efficiency and service quality and is, it is argued, especially appropriate to service environments. In recent years the UK public health service has been subject to an ongoing programme of reform, designed to modernize the way in which health services are provided. A central feature of the reform involves breaking down traditional boundaries and the re‐organization of work roles. This article is concerned with examining the implementation of functional flexibility in three health‐care settings. Case‐study data are presented, focusing on the responses of employees and managers to initiatives to work more flexibly. For managers the implementation achieved efficiency gains and improvements to service quality, in spite of some resistance from employees. For employees the outcomes were more mixed. There was evidence of ‘humanization’ through greater job variety, challenge and access to training, but there were also costs in terms of intensification, role confusion and stress. The implications of these findings both for understanding the issues raised by the use of functional flexibility and for the implementation of policies in the NHS involving job redesign are discussed.     

考虑自取服务和门到门服务的电动汽车物流网络优化策略研究

在环境意识增长与政府政策支持的有利条件下,电动汽车在物流领域得以快速发展。为提高物流服务的效率,降低企业运营成本,文中研究了考虑顾客服务策略的电动物流汽车服务设施选址与配送路径问题。采取顾客自行取货与配送人员送货上门相结合的多样化服务策略,使得服务站点的建设成本、顾客点配送路径成本以及服务站点补货路径成本之和最小。建立了整数规划数学模型,允许配送车辆在服务过程中前往服务站点接受充电服务。其次,提出了基于改进节约算法和禁忌算法的混合启发式算法MCWSA-TS。随后,在小规模算例将CPLEX运算结果与MCWSA-TS进行对比,证明了算法的有效性。最后,采用多组算例探讨了顾客取货半径对运营成本的影响,并对分离配送策略与联合配送策略进行对比分析。实验结果表明,多样化服务策略有助于企业满足顾客取货时间和取货方式的个性化需求。同时,兼顾运营成本与顾客满意度,促进电动汽车参与的物流服务快速发展。     

基于详尽可能性模型的用户创新社区创意采纳影响因素研究

本文基于详尽可能性模型构建了用户创新社区四维度创意采纳模型，分析各维度中不同因素对创意采纳的影响作用。基于小米MIUI社区提交的16.3万余条创意的实证研究表明：用户社区地位对创意采纳有积极影响；用户主动贡献行为对创意采纳有积极影响，而反应贡献行为对创意采纳无显著影响；社区认同度对创意采纳有显著的积极影响；创意质量包括创意长度及创意论据数量均与创意采纳成倒U型曲线关系；社区吸收能力正向调节创意长度与创意采纳之间的曲线关系。研究结果可以为解决企业在创意采纳过程中的认知负荷问题提供有益的指导和借鉴。     

Community health assessment: diagnosis and prescription

Community health assessments are ideally a joint effort by all the major health care providers in the community, working in concert with local government, business, and concerned community groups. A noble activity, no doubt, but clearly a lot of trouble. Physicians, whose potential to contribute to community assessments is obvious, frequently avoid them. Whether in management or clinical practice, they ask: Is this really worth my time? Will it make any difference? Isn't there a better way? But, rightly or wrongly, physicians often have a disproportionate amount of influence on the community assessment process. That influence, whether you attribute it to respect, credibility, or power, adds value to the process. The most important quality the physician brings to the process is genuine concern for his or her patients that generalizes to the health of the entire community.     

Community is not a Place but a Relationship<Superscript>1</Superscript>: Lessons for Organizational Development

The premise of this article is that organizations need to be “organized” differently if we want to re-invigorate the power of community in contemporary life. A central theme within the current reform movement toward restorative justice is the devolution of authority from formal governmental systems to community. In order to effectively socialize young people, communities and families must perform certain functions well. As more and more societal activities take place within organizations, we face the dilemma that the weakened communities create a demand for increasing involvement of public organizations in the life of the community. Yet modern organizations do not effectively perform functions unique to families and communities. Drawing on insights from a unique community-system partnership in restorative peacemaking circles, this paper argues we may need to reinvent our organizations so that they learn to behave as members of the community. ¹This apt phrase and fundamental insight about the meaning of community came from the seminal article by Paul McCold and Benjamin Wachtel (1998).