城市社区计划生育生殖保健综合管理和服务的新探索

上海市为建设现代化国际大都市和提高人口整体素质的目标，按照城市管理重心下移的要求，坚持以人为本，研究与城市现代化社区建设相适应的具有一流设施和一流服务的社区计划生育生殖保健综合服务示范站的课题取得了初步成果；在建立和完善城市社区计划生育生殖保健综合管理和服务体系上进行了有益的探索。 　　一、研究背景和方法 　　从 1993年起，上海市在全国率先出现人口自然变动持续负增长，在稳定低生育水平的同时，提高出生人口素质，实现生殖保健服务目标，已成为上海市人口与计划生育工作的一项重要任务。随着城市管理体制改革…     

以计划生育技术和生殖保健服务为契机为流动育龄妇女创造待遇均等条件

本文把流动育龄妇女的计划生育技术服务和生殖保健需求作为出发点,论述了如何以为流动育龄妇女服务为契机,给流动人口在计划生育领域中创造待遇均等条件,确保流动人口在计生技术服务和生殖保健的广泛参与、决策、调节自身生育的平等机会和资源共享,更好的为社会做贡献。     

加强技术服务能力建设 为新时期人口和计划生育工作做贡献

一，充分认识加强技术服务能力建设的重要性和紧迫性 计划生育技术服务能力是计划生育科技工作者为广大群众提供优质满意的避孕节育、优生优育、生殖保健服务的能力。加强技术服务能力建设，是人口和计划生育工作的新要求，是人民群众的新期待。     

关于我国农村计划生育服务系统可持续发展的思考

文章指出,在推进计划生育优质服务过程中,我国农村计划生育服务系统实现了第一次重大转型,计划生育服务内涵由单一的避孕节育服务向计划生育/生殖健康优质服务转变.进入新世纪后,我国农村计划生育服务系统的可持续发展出现了新情况.在统筹解决人口问题的任务面前,我国农村计划生育服务机构的服务内涵已经开始启动第二次重大转型,即由计划生育/生殖健康优质服务向综合的计划生育/生殖健康/家庭保健优质服务转变.其重要特征和定位是,计划生育服务机构在育龄人群退出育龄期后将继续为他们提供优质的中老年保健服务.     

计划生育优质服务统计指标探讨

计划生育优质服务是国家计划生育委员会近年来在一些计划生育工作先进的有条件的地区逐步推行的、使计划生育工作由行政管理型向技术服务型转变的一项工作，主要包括避孕、节育全程服务、生殖保健服务和生产生活服务。其中避孕、节育全程服务和生殖保健服务是优质服务的重点。本文的目的在于对现有的计划生育统计指标体系进行适当的扩充，并从有关部门借鉴取得一些统计指标数据，结合运用抽样调查的方法，建立科学合理的计划生育优质服务统计指标体系，以客观评价优质服务的落实情况、质量、效果和效率，为进一步做好优质服务工作提供经验和…     

实施政府购买计划生育技术服务的实践与思考

2003年以来,青岛市城阳区围绕深化计划生育综合改革,实施“政府购买计划生育技术服务”的方式,较好地为实行计划生育的育龄夫妻提供了基本项目的计划生育技术免费服务,收到了一举多赢的效果。     

全面推行计划生育药具服务精细化管理

计划生育技术服务工作是控制人口数量,提高人口素质,保障公民生殖健康权益的重要环节,计划生育药具服务和管理是技术服务工作的首要任务,全面推行计划生育药具服务精细化管理,对于构建和谐计生至关重要。     

城区外来育龄妇女生殖健康现状及应采取的服务对策思考

随着市场经济的快速发展,城市社区长住外来人员也随之增多。以浙江省金华市婺城区城中街道为例,2013年街道长住外来人员达到了8600余人,其中育龄妇女有2900余人。人数众多的外来育龄人群,既是计划生育管理工怍的重点和难点,又是需要重点关注的服务对象,尤其是外来育龄妇女的生殖健康状况更应引起各级政府与社会各界、尤其是计划生育和医疗卫生保健部门的关注。笔者根据城中街道的情况和多年来从事计     

流动人口计划生育服务与生殖保健需求缺口及应对

流动人口是易于受伤害，合法权益难以保障的特殊人口群体。为确保流动人口都能享受到计划生育技术服务和生殖保健服务，本文探索了这两种需求服务的缺口及原因，并提出了规范服务的应对措施建议。     

社区计划生育工作运行机制探讨

社区是城市计划生育事业发展的基石,适应城市基层管理体制改革和计划生育工作深入发展的需要,以社区建设为契机,深化社区计生工作改革,提高城市计生工作水平,是当前面临的重要课题。准确界定社区计生工作职责,理顺社区居委会、街道办事处和计生部门之间的关系,建立与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的工作运行机制,是社区计划生育工作改革的关键。一、以居委会为计生工作责任主体的机制已不能适应计划生育工作深入发     

Differentials in divorce in maryland

The basic data needed for measurement of the risks of termination of the legal relationship of marriage by characteristics of the marital partners are not available at this time for the United States because the national divorce registration area includes less than half the States. Special studies based on selected census data or the records of marriages and divorces occurring in one State or community have provided much of the valuable but limited information at hand. Statistics for individual States are subject to substantial bias as a consequence of inter-State migration between time of marriage and time of divorce, but they must serve as a basic data source until national reporting has improved. A record linkage study was undertaken which tied marriages occurring in the State of Maryland in 1959 with divorces occurring in the State in the years 1959–66. Relative, not actual, divorce risks by race, age at marriage, and previous marital status were calculated for couples with at least one partner an in-State resident at the time of marriage. The dissolution rate was higher for whites than for nonwhites. Marriages contracted by persons at very youthful ages and by persons who had been married previously were found subject to greater than average risks of dissolution through divorce.     

论西部开发中的城市发展问题

本文在对近20年来我国城市发展进行回顾与反思的基础上,提出了西部制定城市发展战略和选择城市发展道路的基本原则以及若干城市发展对策措施.     

Major Tasks in Health and Family Planning in China in 2015

On January 12,2015,at the regular press briefing of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),NHFPC reported the major tasks in health and family planning in China in 2015.The details are as follows:In-depth Development of Medical and Health System Reform In-depth Development of Medical and Health System Reform.     

Increases in childlessness in New Zealand

New Zealand’s fertility fell below the theoretical replacement level (2.1 births per woman) for the first time in recorded history in 1978. It has hovered at or below replacement level ever since. The result, an impression of relative stability, belies changes taking place. Data from the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses show a pattern of delayed childbearing and increased childlessness. In a little over 30 years, childlessness has shifted from being almost entirely a consequence of a couple’s infecundity to being as frequently a result of a woman’s life choices. The steady rises in childlessness recorded by successive cohorts suggest that childlessness is already having a significant effect on New Zealand fertility. Patterns in characteristics of those women choosing not to start families, as well as subtle differences in these patterns between New Zealand and other developed nations, suggest that there is a significant potential for childlessness to cause a more dramatic shift in New Zealand’s total fertility rate. This analysis examines growth in childlessness in relation to marital status, country of birth, ethnicity, regional and urban differentials, religion, and educational attainment of women who were childless at the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses.

Materialism in Pedagogy Students in Chile

Many studies have used Richins and Dawson’s (J Consum Res 19: 303–316, 1992) Material Values Scale (MVS), applying it to different types of populations that exhibit a particular psychometric behavior, and showing little stability in their factorial structure. In the present study, 1,070 pedagogy students from the northern, central and southern regions of Chile answered the MVS. This sample was randomly divided in two. Using the first sub-sample (N = 539), an exploratory factorial analysis was carried out, from which a structure of nine items was grouped into two factors called “Social Success” and “Personal Happiness”, which presented adequate reliability. Later, with the second sub-sample (N = 531), the factorial structure indicated above was put to the test through a confirmatory factorial analysis. The data from the model show that the scale contains 8 items in total, grouped into two dimensions. The factorial loads are significant at the level of 1 %, which indicates that the 2-factor structure can be confirmed. Finally—using the proposed structure—the presence of the students’ material values was evaluated.     

Trends in life expectancy in wellbeing

Objectives: This paper describes anddiscusses trends in life expectancy inwellbeing between 1989 and 1998.Methods: Data on wellbeing by theBradburn Affect Balance Scale is obtained fromthe Netherlands Continuous Health InterviewSurveys for the calendar years from 1989 to1998. Using Sullivan's method, life expectancyin wellbeing is calculated.Results: For males at the age of 16, lifeexpectancy in wellbeing increases significantlyfrom 52.7 years in 1989 (90.1% of the totallife expectancy) to 54.4 years in 1998(90.8%). This increase is almost completelycaused by the increase in total lifeexpectancy. For females at the age of 16, lifeexpectancy in wellbeing raises significant from54.4 years in 1989 (84.1%) to 56.2 years in1998 (86.3%). This increase is almostcompletely caused by a decrease in the numberof years in a state of distress.For both males and females at the age of 65,the significant increase of life expectancy inwellbeing exceeds the increase in total lifeexpectancy and is mainly caused by the decreasein number of years in distress.Conclusion: Contrary to life expectancyin good perceived health and to disability freelife expectancy – which show a decreasing trend– the overall wellbeing of the population isincreasing. It seems that aspects in human lifethat contribute to wellbeing or quality of lifeother than physical health are gaining inimportance. This makes life expectancy inwellbeing a less appropriate instrument tomonitor changes in population health, but auseful instrument to measure population qualityof life.     

Shifts in Reproductive Patterns in China

The People's Republic of China, during the second half of the twentieth century, has been repeatedly affected by social and political upheavals associated with government policies. These have produced strong but unexpected impacts on Chinese demographic patterns. Many of these policies are of the sorts that alter reproductive costs and benefits. This study examines patterns in Hebei, Shaanxi, and Shanghai, three provinces with differing ecological, geographic, and economic characteristics. Government policies affected the three populations differentially; this was evident at both aggregate and individual levels. The Great Leap Forward and subsequent famine created higher birth deficits and mortality among the largely rural populations of Hebei and Shaanxi than the more urban Shanghai. In contrast, the Cultural Revolution and family planning resulted in lower fertility levels for women in Shanghai. The population history of China during the second half of last century thus reflects strong state interventions in the lives of its citizens. Government policies, along with regional variations in geographic, social, and economic conditions, strongly influence individual access to resources in China. Variations in timing and intensity of women's reproductive patterns reflect differential access to resources and subsequent trade-offs.     

"非典"期间全国农村地区跨省流入人口调查数据分析

在2003年抗击非典的关键时期,国家人口和计划生育委员会进行了全国农村地区跨省流入人口的调查.本文着重分析这项调查所获得的数据,并对数据的一致性做出说明.既揭示了我国农村流动人口的基本特征和非典时期农村人口流动的规模和流向特点,又反映了非典对这一时期全国人口的流动所产生的影响,同时展示了我国抗击非典工作在农村地区所取得的成绩.     

Changes in Living Standards and Depopulation in Latvia in the 1990s

Social Indicators Research -     

中国2000年人口普查的几个问题研究

本文首先指出，中国２０００年的人口普查，是中国人口普查所而临的首次世纪之交的人口普查，因此，是一次具有重要时代意义的人口普查。论文着重对人口普查资料的应用与发展，人口普查资料的发布，以及人口普查资料发布的规范与管理问题，进行了深入讨论。指出，人口普查资料的发布，应包括重要国情指标的发布，并强调国情指标的发布，应由国家统计局纳入统一规范与管理。