残障模式的代际演替与整合 ——兼论迈向人类发展模型的残障观

残障模式是人们理解残障、看待残障者并选择相应行动策略的参照框架.基于范式转换的视角,提出残障模式的代际演替说,代内的修正、完善与代际的互动、整合造就了残障模式的复杂演化格局.以医学模式为代表的第一代残障模式从"疾病"视角转向"健康"视角,以社会模式为核心的第二代残障模式在反对社会压迫、消除社会障碍的运动中凸显对残障者的主体性、权利、能力与自由的认识.在吸收前两代残障模式合理观点的基础上,第三代残障模式即人类发展模型应运而生,它聚焦残障者的健康剥夺与能力扩展,以开放性姿态涵纳残障的多维决定因素,主张通过包容性、预防性干预措施促进残障者的福祉和发展.     

西方残障身份发展理论述评及本土化思考

积极的残障身份认同对残障者本身具有重要意义,残障身份发展是残障者实现身份认同的路径,理解残障身份发展的过程也可以让残疾人工作者更好地为残障者提供教育、康复等相关服务。本文通过梳理较为典型的西方残障身份发展理论,结合国内残障身份相关研究及本土社会文化背景展开讨论。文章认为,在西方残障身份发展理论框架下,残障者形成积极身份认同的关键在于认同并融入一套在残障社区内共享的残障文化,而在我国社会文化背景下,目前并没有一套成体系的残障文化,残障者也难以体会残障的文化身份感,国内残障者的身份认同缺少本土残障文化依靠。     

窥探中国社会规则观

人们对于规则的认识和尊重程度决定了规则在社会中执行的力度和效果,也决定了社会正面价值实现的程度。中国社会对规则的认可度和依赖度都不高,呈现出形式上遵守规则而实质上不惟规则的观念。这不仅是中国封建残余思想的体现,也是传统文化根源的影响,同时在行为逻辑上也有深层的原因。笔者从中国社会规则观的现状入手,从历史文化渊源以及具体行为逻辑两方面进行剖析,以求理清当中的发展和关系链条,为更好地建设社会主义伦理文化和法律信仰尽绵薄之力。     

明清小说虚实观演变与小说创作之互动

小说的发展自我国明清时代较为盛行,在明清小说中对于虚实观念,一直以来通过"尚实"开始着重勾勒小说的价值观念、以及作者对于事物的感知和认识。在遵循历史的前提下,对故事进行虚构,将人物关系复杂化,从而更好地认识故事的梗概。而"尚虚"的观念,是将小说的创作以艺术表现手法,展开整体故事的价值魅力,虚实观念的发展既存在一定的区别,同时也有相互融合相互作用的一面,让小说更加具有真实感、让虚构的艺术创作出艺术魅力。所以虚实观的演变让明清小说推动创作,并且能够反过来作用小说的创作,形成互动模式。     

传播学中公众观的演变及存在的问题

公众观的演变随着时间和地点的转变而演变着。特定问题的关联性和社会参与的主体性是作为舆论主体的公众的一般标志。在传播日益便捷的今天,公众观的变化反映着一定程度上社会的变迁。本文从公众的概念入手,用历史的眼光看待公众的概念,通过对哈贝马斯、李普曼以及现代对公众这一概念的理解,深入分析在大众传播和群体传播下公众观的树立。最后结合现实,浅析公众观的发展和存在的问题。     

中国传统文化中的危机观初探

在各种危机不断侵袭人类社会的大环境背景下,选择对中国传统文化中的危机管理观进行考察,无论对于从横向方面拓宽危机管理理论研究的视野还是从纵深方面挖掘中国危机管理文化的意义都具有一定的学术理论价值；而对于从传统的中国危机管理哲学的启示中进行现代危机管理观的建设也具有一定的现实意义.本文对中国传统文化的起源、文化载体、中国文化中危机管理观的特点进行了研究.     

关于“建筑回归本土化设计观”的探索

"回归本土化设计观"其本质是唤醒大众对"本土文化"的意识,是让建筑回归当地文化精神的一种设计观念。其实对于这个观念在有些建筑上得到了完美的呈现,比如说贝聿铭的苏州博物馆新馆和王澍的宁波博物馆,本文就是通过对以上两馆的分析来进一步了解和认识建筑回归本土的内涵。贝老的新馆是苏州传统建筑风格和现代建筑风格的融合,是从风格、装饰上回归本土化的建筑。王澍的宁波博物馆是从材料、意韵上体现本土化设计观念,瓦爿墙是其建筑一大特色,材料来自周边地区的旧砖瓦、陶片等,利用这一系列旧材料的意义在于他们有着对时间保存的价值,他们见证了历史的变迁,这正符合博物馆"收集历史"的文化理念,从这个建筑上我们可以体会到记忆和延续的情怀。     

视障女性推拿技师的城乡流动与职业选择:性别与残障的交叉性研究

残障女性是中国女性的重要组成部分,她们具有残障者和女性的双重社会身份,是亟待关注的边缘群体.本研究通过对28名北京外来务工视障女性的田野调查,立足中国国情,探讨性别与残障以何种方式相互作用,造成对残障女性的多重压迫,从而使得农村视障女性通过向城市流动来摆脱不利处境,并形塑她们的职业选择.综合宏观、中观与微观层面的交叉性维度,本研究提出,残障与女性的双重身份在结构层面和表征层面相互交叠和制约,推动了视障女性的城乡流动,并在很大程度上将她们的职业选择局限于推拿行业.然而,立足于西方的交叉性理论多维度分析框架强调系统性压迫而忽略了权力对主体性的形塑,本研究在此基础上增加了微观层面的"认同交叉性"来解释农村视障女性的城乡流动与职业选择.     

中国化马克思主义青年观的当代意义

中国化马克思主义青年观是马克思主义青年观在中国的继承与发展,是中共中央几代领导人集体智慧的结晶。它在不同的历史时期有不同的内容,也为我党在不同时期认识青年和开展青年工作提供了理论指导。对为实现"中国梦"培养合格的社会主义建设者和接班人,传承和探究中国化马克思主义青年观具有重要意义。     

现代平面设计中的色彩美学研究

随着社会的快速发展,越来越多的人对色彩文化产生了兴趣。在现代平面设计中,对于色彩观的建立需要吸收并且借鉴理解以及现代平面设计中的色彩观和传统色彩观之间所存在的关系,旨在提高色彩美学的在现代平面设计中的合理运用。     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

Structuring of manual of orientations and technical information for laundries of industries of animal products origin

This study looked for to lift information regarding laundries inserted in industries of animal products origin, to understand the activities developed in the section and to structure a Manual of Planning and Technical Information for laundries to industries of animal products origin, with the intention of subsidizing the planning, structuring and control of this work place, because norms or regulations that supervise don't exist or aid their managers and workers as for the operation of this work place.     

The impact of generation and country of origin on the mental health of children of immigrants

The authors reexamine the study of generational differences in adjustment among the children of immigrants by arguing that the country of origin defines and shapes the adaptation process across generations. Using a sample of children in Toronto, the authors demonstrate that generational differences in the mental health of children occur only in families from countries of origin at the lowest levels of economic development. Among those at the lowest levels of economic development, a mental health advantage in the first generation evolves to a disadvantage in the 2.5 generation relative to third or later generational children. Children from backgrounds characterized by higher economic development show no initial or eventual differences from the native born. Using data from the Toronto Study of Intact Families, the authors are able to explain differences among children from low economic development backgrounds specifically in terms of increasing family conflict and decreasing school involvement across generations.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹，城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市，2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望，然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意，没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义，每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题，把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

建设项目不同实施阶段的交通影响分析

介绍国内进行交通影响分析所采用的方法和研究范围,评述在建设项目规划阶段和设计阶段的交通影响分析至少应涉及的内容和深度。     

An Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of Italian Version of CPGI

The aim of this study was to adapt to the Italian context a very commonly used international instrument to detect problem gambling, the canadian problem gambling index (CPGI), and assess its psychometric properties. Cross-cultural adaptation of CPGI was performed in several steps and the questionnaire was administered as a survey among Italian general population (n = 5,292). Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was 0.87 and can be considered to be highly reliable. Construct validity was assessed first by means of a principal component analysis and then by means of confirmatory factor analysis, showing that only one factor, problem gambling, was extracted from the CPGI questionnaire (an eigenvalues of 4,684 with percentage of variance 52 %). As far as convergent validity is concerned, CPGI was compared with Lie/Bet questionnaire, a two-item screening tool for detecting problem gamblers, and with both depression and stress scales. A short form DSM-IV CIDI questionnaire was used for depression and VRS scale, a rating scale, was used for rapid stress evaluation. A strong convergent validity with these instruments was found and these findings are consistent with past research on problem gambling, where another way to confirm the validity is to determine the extent to which it correlates with other qualities or measures known to be directly related to problem gambling. In sum, despite the lack of a direct comparison with a classic gold-standard such as DSM-IV, the Italian version of CPGI exhibits good psychometric properties and can be used among the Italian general population to identify at-risk problem gamblers.