论中国对阿拉伯国家的政党外交

中国与阿拉伯国家依靠政府外交、政党外交、公共外交与民间外交等形式开展全方位合作,并在此基础上构建中阿战略伙伴关系网.中国对阿拉伯国家的政党外交以机制统筹为理念,以中联部为实施主体,以阿拉伯国家政党、政治组织、政治领导人、媒体和智库为合作对象,通过召开中阿政党对话会、签订政党合作备忘录、举办政党研修班、促进政党领导人与青年交流等方式,积极配合中国与阿拉伯国家间的整体交流.中国对阿拉伯国家的政党外交是中国特色大国外交的有机组成部分,促进了中阿加强政治互信、交流治国理政经验、共建"一带一路"和实现民心相通,维护了中国主权、安全与发展利益,推动了阿拉伯国家和平与发展事业,丰富了中国特色政党外交的内涵.     

论中阿战略合作关系

自"中阿合作论坛"成立以来,中阿关系的全面发展得益于双方良好的政治特殊关系,这种政治特殊关系既不同于联盟关系,又超越了普通国家间合作关系,具有"战略合作"之特点。未来十年,中阿战略合作将迎来历史机遇期,但"中阿合作论坛"能否上升为类似于上合组织的多边组织,主要受两方面因素的影响:从促进因素来看,中阿双方拥有共同的战略利益,对重大国际问题持相似看法,不断增强政治互信,共同倡导政治多极化、发展模式多样化和文明对话,这已成为中阿战略合作的利益和价值基础;从制约因素来看,阿拉伯世界的内部矛盾、其缓慢的一体化进程和在安全上依靠西方国家,亦影响其与中国战略合作的深度。中阿战略合作关系的发展,还须消除"伊斯兰威胁论"和"中国威胁论"对双方民众的影响,提升对方在中、阿总体外交中的地位,尊重彼此的核心关切。     

从中国与海湾八国关系的发展看"中阿合作论坛"

对于中阿战略合作关系的思考,要建立在对中国与阿拉伯国家关系发展的历史和现状研究的基础上。双方关系既涉及到世界大国的因素,也涉及到与阿拉伯国家相邻的非阿拉伯国家的因素。对于中国与海湾八国关系发展的研究,是分析上述因素及其影响,并进而思考中阿战略合作关系的一个重要切入点。中国与海湾国家的关系,是由中国的外交战略、海湾地区的战略格局以及中国在海湾地区的国家利益等因素综合决定的。通过研究1958年以来中国与海湾八国关系的发展,有助于进一步发展中阿关系和推动"中阿合作论坛"的建设工作。     

从中国与海湾八国关系的发展看“中阿合作论坛”

对于中阿战略合作关系的思考,要建立在对中国与阿拉伯国家关系发展的历史和现状研究的基础上。双方关系既涉及到世界大国的因素,也涉及到与阿拉伯国家相邻的非阿拉伯国家的因素。对于中国与海湾八国关系发展的研究,是分析上述因素及其影响,并进而思考中阿战略合作关系的一个重要切入点。中国与海湾国家的关系,是由中国的外交战略、海湾地区的战略格局以及中国在海湾地区的国家利益等因素综合决定的。通过研究1958年以来中国与海湾八国关系的发展,有助于进一步发展中阿关系和推动“中阿合作论坛”的建设工作。     

试析沙特外交资源与外交理念

国家利益是任何国家决定其在国际关系行为中的最根本因素.沙特外交政策依赖的是其海湾大国地位、丰富的石油资源、宗教地缘政治三大外交资源.其外交指导思想秉承的是国家利益至上、伊斯兰宗教情结和国际环境影响三大外交理念.     

“一带一路”战略为中阿关系发展增添活力

本文对历经六十年的中阿关系进行了回顾，政治上双方相互支持，维护权利，经济上优势互补，合作共赢。2010年底中东发生动荡后，中国一直密切关注，希望阿拉伯国家早日结束动乱、恢复稳定。随着时间的推移，阿拉伯国家会增加对中国尊重国家主权独立、坚持不干涉内政、主张政治解决争端立场的理解，会越来越体会到中国是可以信赖、可以交往的国家。在“一带一路”战略下，中阿关系将茁壮成长。     

试析沙特外交资源与外交理念

国家利益是任何国家决定其在国际关系行为中的最根本因素。沙特外交政策依赖的其海湾大国地位、丰富的石油资源，宗教地缘政治三大外交资源。其外交指导思想秉承的是国家利益至上，伊斯兰宗教情结和国际环境影响三大外交理念。     

试论新国际环境下的中国与阿拉伯国家关系

近年来,国际形势发生巨变,中阿在新的国际环境下,均面临新的机遇和挑战.中国和平崛起,越来越与世界休戚与共,政治和经济利益的外延不断扩大,加入国际体系的程度也越来越深.与此同时,中东地区矛盾更趋错综复杂,局部动荡不宁,但发展民族经济仍是各国的根本目标.阿拉伯世界正进入政治和社会转型的关键时期,面临来自美国和本国内部巨大的改革压力.新形势下,美国的因素以及中东局势的发展走向对中国周边战略环境、整体安全形势、中阿关系及中国在中东地区的现实和长远利益都具有特殊而重要的意义.因此,要以适应时代变化的发展眼光关注和研究中阿关系,为现有关系注入新的内涵和活力.     

试论新国际环境下的中国与阿拉伯国家关系

近年来,国际形势发生巨变,中阿在新的国际环境下,均面临新的机遇和挑战.中国和平崛起,越来越与世界休戚与共,政治和经济利益的外延不断扩大,加入国际体系的程度也越来越深.与此同时,中东地区矛盾更趋错综复杂,局部动荡不宁,但发展民族经济仍是各国的根本目标.阿拉伯世界正进入政治和社会转型的关键时期,面临来自美国和本国内部巨大的改革压力.新形势下,美国的因素以及中东局势的发展走向对中国周边战略环境、整体安全形势、中阿关系及中国在中东地区的现实和长远利益都具有特殊而重要的意义.因此,要以适应时代变化的发展眼光关注和研究中阿关系,为现有关系注入新的内涵和活力.     

"阿拉伯之春"与俄罗斯的中东外交战略

俄罗斯的中东战略在某种程度上继承了苏联的中东战略,并在此基础上通过双边和多边外交、经济和贸易关系以及文化软实力的输出,对中东国家产生影响."阿拉伯之春"爆发后,俄罗斯在中东的利益受到冲击,主要表现为俄罗斯与中东国家的双边关系弱化、与中东国家的经贸关系受损、中东地区反俄情绪增长等.一方面,俄罗斯利用"阿拉伯之春"对地缘政治所造成的冲击,及时调整了其中东外交战略,提升了中东国家在俄罗斯整体外交战略中的重要性.另一方面,俄罗斯利用"阿拉伯之春"后中东地区国际体系变化以及域外大国中东外交政策的调整,重构了其与中东国家的政治经济关系,并在恢复双边关系的基础上,推出了整体性的中东战略.     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.