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在城市家庭中,父母的性别角色观念比其性别角色行为对子女的影响更大,其中独生子女受父母性别角色行为的影响大于非独生子女,并且在独生子女家庭中父亲的影响力大于母亲,而在非独生子女家庭中母亲的影响力大于父亲。这两类家庭中性别角色观念和行为代际传递的特点,与亲子关系的密切程度、父母的社会经济特征以及父母家庭角色分工的传统程度等有一定的关系,此外还可能受情感因素的影响。 相似文献
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成长与发展:中国独生子女青少年(摘要) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
跨世纪的中国独生子女青少年,他们的成长和发展面临着三个问题:1.高等教育的机会。独生子女父母对子女的教育程度的期望既高于同年龄的非独生子女父母,也高于他们自己的父母。这种高教育程度的期望与我国目前一时还难以改变的“千军万马挤独木桥”的现实之间,存在着必然的矛盾。残酷的现实将对这一代独生于女青少年和他们父母的心理素质和心理承受能力进行无情的检验。2.老年保障问题。当这一代独生子女父母进入老年时,仅有一个子女的现实将对他们老年时期的家庭交往提出挑战。而这种挑战的严重程度,又依据子女与老人是否同住一地而有所不同。3.养老形式问题。广大父母在未来居住形式方面,具有强烈的与子女不分离的愿望。这无疑会造成一种两难的境地:~方面,社会的发展、经济的繁荣、国家的建设少不了正常的人员流动.离不开合理的人才布局,成年独生子女因学习、工作而流动将不可避免;但另一方面,未来社会中大量老年人口的出现,尤其是当大批成年的独生子女远离他们的父母,大量的独生子女家庭成为仅剩老年夫妇的“空巢”家庭的时候,又会要求我们从社会保障的角度去考虑家庭养老的需要,尽量减少这种流动。如何统筹兼顾,如何尽量减少可能出现的问题,是在这一批独生子女父母进入老年之 相似文献
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《青春岁月:学术版》2016,(1)
当前亲情淡漠已成为中学生与家庭产生心理隔膜、情感疏离且导致成人后家庭社会适应不良、情绪困扰的严重问题。本研究通过对陕渝440位中学生的调查,考察两地中学生亲情观。结果表明:(1)两地中学生亲情观总体积极向上。(2)两地亲情观在性别、独生子女(非独生子女)、家庭所在地、家庭结构、母亲职业等因子上有显著的差异。(3)在功利型亲情观维度上,女生得分显著高于男生,独生子女得分显著高于非独生子女;在互助型亲情观维度上,男生得分显著高于女生;在困惑型亲情观维度上,农村中学生显著高于城市中学生;在回报型亲情观维度上,陕中学生显著高于渝中学生,农村中学生显著高于城市中学生,双亲家庭中学生显著高于单亲家庭中学生,母亲职业对中学生回报型亲情观具有显著的主效应。 相似文献
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采用社会支持评定量表对3 7 3名地方院校大学生进行问卷调查,结果显示:性别、专业、是否独生子女、父母是否离异和父母受教育程度是社会支持的主要影响因素,并针对社会支持的主要影响因素提出相应的对策。 相似文献
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父母意识·育儿焦虑·先天气质──独生子女与亲子关系研究的新热点 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
在家庭中,独生子女往往有其独有的地位。父母对独生子女的看法与交往方式显然也会与对非独生子女有些不同.本文试图从父母意识、有儿焦虑、独生子女的先天气质特征三方面来分析独生子女的亲子关系,并进而探讨这一亲子关系对儿童成长与发展造成的影响。一、父母意识与亲子关系父母意识这一概念是新近才出现的。笔者在查阅国内外新近研究的基础上,综合许多学者的看法,认为可以将父亲、母亲对于妊娠、分娩、育儿及亲子关系的态度,对为人父母的自信性与责任感,以及成为父母后对自身及配偶的评价及情感体验等称为父母意识。笔者认为,在独… 相似文献
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通过对中国期刊网1980年至2011年收录的有关独生子女教育研究论文的分析发现,独生子女研究主要分为独生子女与非独生子女的对比研究和针对独生子女群体进行的教育研究两大类型。对比研究中,在独生子女与非独生子女是否存在差异问题上存在不同的结论.大多数研究结果倾向于独生子女和非独生子女各有优势和劣势。在独生子女教育问题上。研究结果认为独生子女的很多问题都不是与生俱来的,而是后天家庭、学校各方面影响和教育的结果,因此。在制定教育对策时需要针对独生子女的特点,发挥其优势,纠正教育误区。对独生子女教育规律的掌握和运用可以成为解释独生子女与非独生子女之间的差异随年龄的增长而缩小现象的一个原因。 相似文献
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《青春岁月:学术版》2013,(13)
父母是孩子的第一任老师,也是家庭教育成功与否的关键因素。父母角色是社会结构中最基本的角色之一,对子女、家庭和社会都产生着重要影响。因此,本文对如何正确认识父母角色,准确定位父母在家庭教育中的作用,以及在现代社会中父母角色的重构作一初探。 相似文献
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分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec). 相似文献
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Barbara Rogoff 《思想、文化和活动》2013,20(4):209-229
The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school. 相似文献
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中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹,城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市,2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望,然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意,没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义,每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题,把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。 相似文献
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学龄儿童健康行为研究越来越得到重视,在未来周期性的研究中也面临着在快速发展的背景下保持较高质量、在有限的财政资源情况下持续提高、使趋势分析与修改问卷内容相适应、满足科学受众和政策受众的不同要求等挑战,因此,完善其研究方法成为当前迫切需要。 相似文献
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Ahmadkhaniha HR Shariat SV Torkaman-nejad S Hoseini Moghadam MM 《Journal of child sexual abuse》2007,16(4):23-35
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children. 相似文献
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The authors reexamine the study of generational differences in adjustment among the children of immigrants by arguing that the country of origin defines and shapes the adaptation process across generations. Using a sample of children in Toronto, the authors demonstrate that generational differences in the mental health of children occur only in families from countries of origin at the lowest levels of economic development. Among those at the lowest levels of economic development, a mental health advantage in the first generation evolves to a disadvantage in the 2.5 generation relative to third or later generational children. Children from backgrounds characterized by higher economic development show no initial or eventual differences from the native born. Using data from the Toronto Study of Intact Families, the authors are able to explain differences among children from low economic development backgrounds specifically in terms of increasing family conflict and decreasing school involvement across generations. 相似文献
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This study looked for to lift information regarding laundries inserted in industries of animal products origin, to understand the activities developed in the section and to structure a Manual of Planning and Technical Information for laundries to industries of animal products origin, with the intention of subsidizing the planning, structuring and control of this work place, because norms or regulations that supervise don't exist or aid their managers and workers as for the operation of this work place. 相似文献
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