共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 805 毫秒
1.
Ming Tsui 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):1-11
This study examines the relationship between gender and mathematics achievement among students in China and the United States,
with an emphasis on the gender gap among mathematically talented students. The results show that in neither the US nor China
are there gender differences in eighth grade math-achievement test scores. In China, there are no gender differences in mean
college entrance examination math scores among high-school seniors, while in America, the mean SAT-Math score among male high-school
seniors has been consistently higher than those of their female counterparts. In both the US and China, there are gender differences
among the top math performers on college entrance examinations; boys are over-represented. The Chinese national mathematics
curriculum, well-trained teachers, beliefs by students and their parents that academic achievement is more a product of effort
than of natural ability, a gender-neutral parental expectation for children’s education, and generous family spending on the
education of girls are suggested as possible factors underlying the comparable performance of the Chinese female and male
students. The sorting system at Chinese secondary school level and a cultural stereotype favoring boys in mathematics are
suggested as possible contributors to the math-achievement gender gap found among the top Chinese high school seniors.
相似文献
Ming TsuiEmail: |
2.
Lisa Shawn Hogan 《Gender Issues》2008,25(2):63-79
The World Anti-Slavery Convention of 1840 is remembered most as the event that inspired Lucretia Coffin Mott and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton to organize the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention. Few scholars, however, have analyzed the debate proceedings
that ultimately resulted in women’s exclusion from the convention. An analysis of the convention proceedings questions Wendell
Phillips’ strategy of speaking on behalf of the women, arguing instead that William Lloyd Garrison’s strategy of silence was
the more rhetorically astute response to the exclusion of women. Garrison’s silent protest not only attracted more attention
to the women’s rights cause, but also inspired women to speak on their own behalf.
相似文献
Lisa Shawn HoganEmail: |
3.
Mareile Flitsch 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(2):265-288
Knowledge organisation, embodiment of knowledge and knowledge representation are important issues for an anthropology of technology,
which seeks to explore the ways in which people find and shape everyday solutions to social and technical challenges. This
article discusses the impact of skill and of risk prevention on women’s decision-making, as well as on the domestication and
appropriation of new technologies. Particular attention is paid to non-synchronicity as a retarding factor and to the obsolescence
of skills as a critical moment in the transformation of socio-technical systems in twentieth century rural northern China
as elsewhere.
相似文献
Mareile FlitschEmail: |
4.
This article examines birth control as practice and discourse in 1920s and 1930s Korea under Japanese colonial rule and explores
links with family planning and reproductive practices in post-1945 South Korea. The control of women’s reproduction held critical
implications for meanings of domesticity, marriage, sexual relations, and new womanhood. While a woman-centered position did
emerge regarding birth control, the parameters of the discourse, concerns of gynecology, and the material culture of birth
control ultimately tied the bodies and health of women to their biological and social roles as mothers.
相似文献
Sonja KimEmail: |
5.
6.
Sima Zalcberg 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):13-34
Women’s modesty norms are often perceived as governing women’s bodies and as patriarchal oppression. This study challenges
these perspectives, offering a deeper, multi-dimensional picture showing that the reality of the women’s life is much more
complicated. The article chose to discuss aspects of modesty among women of one of the most extreme Jewish ultra-Orthodox
groups, and in particular, to investigate how they experience an extremely demanding requirement—shaving off the hair on their
head upon marriage and covering their head with a black kerchief. The findings show that there are a variety of voices among
the women, ranging from the view that these practices are desirable, through the view that they empower the women, to the
view that they damage one’s attractiveness and are quite painful.
相似文献
Sima ZalcbergEmail: |
7.
Investigations with homeless populations have focused on those living on the streets or in shelters; few have examined phenomena
based on respondents’ self-definitions as homeless or not. This investigation examined similarities and differences among
risk factors (including mental health, substance abuse, religion/spirituality, social support, and risky sexual behaviors)
using two definitions of homelessness: one where place of residence defined individuals as homeless (the ‘objective’ or traditional,
definition) and another where respondents defined themselves as homeless (the ‘subjective’ definition). Data come from the
baseline survey of the NIAAA-funded “Sister-to-Sister” study (n = 339) of heavy-drinking women. Subjectively defined homelessness was associated with higher rates of mental health and substance
use disorders, lower rates of condom use, higher rates of trading sex for food, and less social support. Objectively defined
homelessness was associated with higher rates of drinking in abandoned buildings, on the streets, and in public restrooms,
more new sexual partners, and higher rates of trading sex for heroin and speedballs. Investigations failing to ask for subjective
information may misattribute some factors to homelessness which may overestimate the effect of various factors on homelessness.
Investigators should ask respondents to define their homelessness, or they lose an important dimension of the concept of homelessness.
相似文献
Linda B. CottlerEmail: |
8.
In Korea, scientific excellence has been perceived as one of the key elements of modern nation-building. Moreover, from the
late 1990s to the early 2000s, the government represented biotechnology as the future engine of the economy. Hwang succeeded
in representing himself as the hero of Korean science by appropriating the public eagerness for scientific achievement. However,
he relied on nationalist rhetoric too often against criticisms, which eventually made a considerable part of the public turn
skeptical about his integrity. Although various forms of techno-nationalism are still pervasive in Korea, Hwang’s scandal
has given a valuable chance for reflection on the relationship of science and nationalism.
相似文献
Tae-Ho KimEmail: |
9.
Keumjae Park 《Gender Issues》2008,25(1):26-42
Whether immigrant women’s introduction to paid labor empowers them with greater autonomy or exacerbates their oppression has
been debated variously in the scholarship on gender and migration. In this paper, the author examines Korean immigrant women’s
perspectives on work outside the home after migration. Based on in-depth interview data, the paper emphasizes Korean women’s
own interpretations of work and motherhood, and highlights the ways in which they define and redefine work in relation to
other aspects of their post-migration experiences. The analysis finds that income producing work is not empowering in and
of itself, but contingent upon other post-migration challenges such as economic downward mobility and women’s changed roles
as working mothers. Furthermore, women’s perception of work fluctuates over time. The findings suggest that paid work should
not be simply interpreted as an empowering change, but the linkage between work and other aspects of immigrant women’s post-migration
realities needs to be more closely examined.
相似文献
Keumjae ParkEmail: |
10.
Theresa MacPhail 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2009,3(1):27-50
The overall ‘problem’ in early accounts of science and/or medicine in China seemed to center upon whether or not China possessed
or could acquire modern Western science. However, in the twenty-first century there is now little debate over whether or not
China has science. Yet, questions and concerns about science in China linger. The ‘problem’ of science in China has moved
away from a paradigm focused on possession or capability, to that of the correct or ethical application of Chinese science
and technology. In this essay, I will argue that the shifting of the so-called problem of Chinese science reflects larger
Western concerns about the definition and control of science itself, the rise of China as an international power, and the
ability to 'compete' in a global market predicated on the creation and application of new science and technologies.
相似文献
Theresa MacPhailEmail: |
11.
Race-Class-Gender Theory: An Image(ry) Problem 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ivy Ken 《Gender Issues》2007,24(2):1-20
For over 100 years, but particularly since the 1980s, scholars have heavily relied on images of race, class, and gender as
“intersecting” and “interlocking” forms of oppression and disempowerment. This imagery has helped feminists develop the empirically
grounded theoretical premises that (1) race, class, and gender are social structural locations, (2) structural locations shape
perspectives, (3) no individual is all-oppressed or all-oppressing, (4) the meanings of race, class, and gender are localized,
and (5) race, class, and gender depend on and (6) mutually constitute each other. In this article I synthesize these premises
to reveal some opportunities for theoretical development that may inspire a new generation of race-class-gender scholarship.
I argue that while intersection is fairly limited as a conceptual image, the interlocking imagery can help us identify how
the relationships among these structures of oppression have become institutionalized.
相似文献
Ivy KenEmail: |
12.
This study examines the medical profession in post-Soviet society, where women have been in the majority of the physicians
for almost seven decades. It examines pediatricians’ and surgeons’ definitions of the professional skills and qualities needed
for “good” work. Lithuania is used as a case study. Thirty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2005 with male
and female surgeons and pediatricians in Lithuania. The results show that the gender composition of the specialty—surgery
being a male-dominated and pediatrics a female-dominated specialty—tended to influence the way that physicians perceived the
qualities needed for good work. For surgeons, male-gendered qualities were prerequisites for being a good surgeon: physical
strength and being in control. Female surgeons added a female-gendered quality—empathy and compassion—that made them good
surgeons. A good pediatrician had a holistic and empathic approach and an ability to communicate, which were seen as female-gendered
skills. Male pediatricians experienced otherness in this specialty but did not, as women surgeons did, offer a counter discourse
in order to legitimate themselves as being as skilled as women.
相似文献
Elianne RiskaEmail: |
13.
Though surveys repeatedly demonstrate that most women who are homeless alone have minor children living apart from them, there
is little information on the circumstances of their separations or whether and how they remain involved with their children.
Analysis of data from in-depth interviews with mothers, relatives caring for their children, and shelter and child welfare
staff highlights a tension between perspectives and aspirations of mothers and the agendas and social processes through which
institutional systems manage the family life of women marginalized by homelessness and disability. Though women’s agency is
evident in their efforts to maintain parenting roles, without facilitating resources and supportive structures, agency is
often reduced to unpalatable choices among constraining alternatives. We consider how service systems might mitigate barriers
to mothering as well as broader changes needed to genuinely support women’s aspirations for themselves and their families.
相似文献
Susan M. BarrowEmail: |
14.
Jennifer Tomlinson 《Gender Issues》2008,25(4):246-266
The paper aims to develop a framework to understand the variant use of part-time work by employed mothers in the UK and US.
In particular, this paper seeks to explore how diversity in the use of part-time work can be explained when both countries
are associated with a neo-liberal form of capitalism (Hall and Soskice, Varieties of Capitalism: the institutional foundations
of comparative advantage, 2001) and welfare regime (Esping-Andersen, The three worlds of welfare capitalism, 1990). It is
argued here that by combining aspects of the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) and welfare regimes literatures with Gender Regime
theory (Walby, Social Politics, 11(1):4–29, 2004), a gender centred analysis of both the causes and consequences of divergent
working-time patterns can be more adequately achieved.
相似文献
Jennifer TomlinsonEmail: |
15.
Julie A. Winterich 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):51-69
In this article, I analyze interviews with a diverse group of 30 women aged 46–71 to understand how they experience signs
of aging, such as weight gain, gray hair, and facial hair, in everyday life. I find that some women’s responses are in line
with normative femininity and appearance norms. Others, however, focus on different gendered meanings of the body that are
connected to care-taking, work, ageist treatment, and past abuse. I argue that feminists should apply the theoretical concept
of femininity more broadly than appearance and attraction issues to gain a deeper understanding of the multiple meanings of
living in an aging female body in a gendered society. In the conclusion, I discuss the implications of this study for public
health policies as well as future research on gender and the body.
相似文献
Julie A. WinterichEmail: |
16.
Misa Matsuda 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(2):167-188
This paper focuses on children in Japan who begin using mobile phones (keitai) while in elementary school and will discuss aspects of parental–child relationships that involve keitai use. Firstly, this paper presents an overview of a Japanese society presently immersed in mobile media, focusing particularly
on the spread of mobile media use to younger Japanese children. Data are presented from two research projects and analyzed
to examine the cause of, and circumstances that lead to, child keitai use. Increasing social anxieties about safety and parental concern have reportedly led to increasing perception that keitai use is valuable in times of emergency, or in order to prevent crime, leading to a shift in attitudes towards children’s keitai use: that which was formerly considered “unnecessary” has now become “necessary”. However, the anxiety about safety is shared
by almost all people and is therefore not itself a deciding factor regarding children’s keitai ownership. Keitai usage is, instead, prompted by several factors, some of which are not shared by children and parents. From this rift in reasoning
emerges a game of tug-of-war over ownership and use between children and parents.
相似文献
Misa MatsudaEmail: |
17.
Jan M. Hoem Dora Kostova Aiva Jasilioniene Cornelia Mureşan 《Revue europeenne de demographie》2009,25(3):239-255
Using data from the first round of the national Gender and Generations Surveys of Russia, Romania, and Bulgaria, and from
a similar survey of Hungary, which were all collected in recent years, we study rates of entry into marital and non-marital
unions. We have used elements from the narrative of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) as a vehicle to give our analysis
of the data from the four countries some coherence, and find what can be traces of the SDT in these countries. The details
vary by country; in particular, latter-day developments in union formation patterns did not start at the same time in all
the countries, but in our assessment it began everywhere before communism fell, that is, before the societal transition to
a market economy got underway in 1990.
相似文献
Jan M. HoemEmail: |
18.
Women and minorities have consistently experienced marginalization and inequality in the United States, with low-income, immigrant
and refugee women experiencing the most severe forms. This paper explores how we can restructure one area in which disparities
exist, the primary healthcare system, to provide respectful, compassionate, accessible and adequate care to refugee and low-income
women who are medically at-risk during pregnancy. This will be done by reviewing the Priscilla Project, an inner-city program
that serves at-risk pregnant women in Buffalo, NY, including the history and persistence of disparities in healthcare, activities
and impact of the program, and the uniquely contextualized program paradigm.
相似文献
Jimmy RoweEmail: |
19.
Choong-Hwan Park 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(2):235-264
The peasantry is probably the last social category that researchers of technology and society readily associate with the use
of high technologies such as the Internet. But in China recently, tens of thousands of peasant entrepreneurs, engaged in a
unique form of rural tourism popularly called nongjiale (delights in farm guesthouses), have adopted the Internet as a medium for advertising their farm guesthouses. This paper
is an anthropological study of how Chinese peasant entrepreneurs’ adoption of the Internet is engrained in the broader material
and symbolic orders of contemporary Chinese society. By exploring the way in which the Chinese peasants are idiosyncratically
involved with the Internet, it also questions whether STS (Science, Technology, and Society) concepts such as users and non-users,
developed essentially within Euro-American contexts, are adequate to explain the symbolic appropriations of high-tech in pursuit
of modernity in China today.
相似文献
Choong-Hwan ParkEmail: |
20.
Emma Bayne 《Gender Issues》2009,26(2):130-140
Sweden is often hailed as a pioneering country regarding gender equity, but it still has gender equity issues to deal with,
and gender stereotyping is sometimes mentioned as one of them. Since the 1990s, Sweden has seen the emergence of many gender
pedagogy projects, not least in pre-schools. With gender equity projects among adults yielding limited results, the focus
has shifted to children to see if gender stereotypes can be countered in childhood. This article aims to provide an overview
of the gender pedagogy projects that have been carried out in Swedish pre-schools. The article covers background, methods
and insights gained.
相似文献
Emma BayneEmail: |