家族权威与企业绩效:基于广东省中山市家族企业的经验研究

家族权威既有助于提高家族企业的效率,但另一方面又制约着家族企业的发展.本文基于一手数据,对家族权威与企业绩效之间的关系进行了检验,结果表明,强化家族权威的负面效应高于正面效应:(1)强化对家族股权的控制有碍于家族企业的成长;(2)提高家族成员在高管中的比重并未能显著地改进绩效;(3)通过控制关键岗位以强化家族权威这一策略对家族企业绩效也没有显著作用;(4)通过授权弱化家族权威在一定程度上有助于改进企业绩效,大型企业更是如此;(5)家族权威的制衡机制对业绩效具有一定的促进作用.     

亲缘关系、创新能力与企业绩效

本文认为,CEO与控制性股东之间的亲缘关系会影响企业的创新能力,是解释家族企业治理效率的重要理论依据之一.通过构建有中介的调节变量模型,本文以2001-2005年沪深两市上市的家族企业为样本,实证检验了家族上市公司CEO与控制性股东之间的亲缘关系对企业绩效的影响,以及创新能力在此关系中的中介作用和股权结构的调节作用.结果显示:(1)家族上市公司CEO与控制性股东之间的亲缘关系与企业创新能力和企业绩效之间均存在显著的正相关关系;(2)创新能力与企业绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系,且创新能力在亲缘关系对企业绩效的影响路径中起部分中介作用;(3)股权结构形式对亲缘关系与创新能力和企业绩效之间的关系起显著的调节作用.即相对于直接持股式股权结构.金字塔式股权结构下亲缘关系对企业创新能力和企业绩效的影响更强.     

家族权力、组织认同与家族企业网络模式选择

本文在将家族权力界定为家族法定权力与家族专家权力的基础上,利用浙江和重庆两地家族企业调查数据,实证检验了家族权力、组织认同与家族企业网络关系,结果显示:第一,家族所有权对网络关系强度和持久度有显著的正向影响;家族管理权对网络中心度有显著的正向影响,对网络开放度有显著的负向影响;家族专家权力对网络中心度、密度和强度有显著的正向影响,对网络关系持久度和开放度有显著的负向影响。第二,家族所有权通过组织认同促进了网络关系强度和持久度;家族专家权力通过组织认同促进了网络中心度、密度和强度。第三,家族专家权力对家族企业网络模式的影响受到网络性质的影响,在家族企业人际关系网络中,家族专家权力对网络中心度和开放度的影响较大,对网络关系强度和持久度的影响较小。     

家族性、社会认知与家族创业行为

与非家族性企业创建过程不同,家族性是家族创业行为所独有的特性.具有亲情或血缘关系的家族创业者之间强调奉献和关爱的利他行为,形成家族创业行为的集体性创业智慧即家族性社会认知.本文通过对思凡公司12年的创业历程分析发现,家族性能形成具有稳定性、一致性和可靠性的家族性社会认知,而创业行动可以增强家族性社会认知能力;由家族性产生的集体性社会认知有利于家族创业机会识别和把握、资源能力改进和创业组织形式动态演变.研究表明,以不断提高的家族性社会认知为驱动力,组织认知模式和创业行动路径选择之间互动形成了家族企业创业活动演进过程.     

基于权威理论的家族企业家对企业的影响作用机理研究

以权威理论为基础,本文从科层权威、传统权威、报偿权威及超凡魅力权威四个构面分析了家族企业家的权威特征及其影响作用路径,在此基础上推导出家族企业家对企业的影响作用机理,解析了企业经营活动对家族企业家行为意志具有超强表达能力的根源。实证检验表明,问卷调查结果支持本文对家族企业家权威及其影响作用的分析和判断。     

家族成员的权力集中度与企业绩效———对家族上市公司的研究

如何在家族成员内部建立有效的治理机制是家族企业研究的关键问题之一.基于各个家族成员的偏好存在差异且追求其自身效用最大化这一假设, 分析家族成员内部的权力集中度对企业绩效的影响程度以及这种影响的受制条件.实证结果表明:相对于线性关系, 倒 U型假设更有助于解释我国家族上市公司的家族成员内部权力集中度与经营绩效之间的关系;企业的经营多样性和经营规模对家族成员权力集中度的功效起到显著的调节作用     

家族控制、企业目标与家族企业融资决策——来自浙江和重庆两地家族企业的经验证据

本文利用浙江和重庆两地家族企业的调查数据,实证检验了家族企业不同的控制权偏好与多元化企业目标间的关系及其对家族企业融资模式选择的影响,结果显示:家族控制是实现以家族利益为中心的企业目标(家族目标)的基础,对实现以企业增长为中心的企业目标(增长目标)无显著的影响;家族控制对家族企业利润积累有显著的"倒U型"影响,对银行贷款有显著的正向影响,对股权融资却呈现显著的"U型"和负向影响;家族目标对亲友间借贷有显著的正向影响,增长目标对股权融资有显著的正向影响。研究结论很好地解释了家族企业融资模式形成及发展演化的基本规律,对进一步推进我国家族企业公司治理改革也具有重要指导意义。     

家族命名与家族企业风险承担

企业的风险承担是企业家精神的微观反映.搜集整理了控股家族创始人和重要家族成员的姓名等相关信息,将企业划分为有较高声誉维护动机的家族命名的家族企业和有较低声誉维护动机的非家族命名的家族企业,从社会情感财富视角研究家族命名会如何影响企业的风险承担水平.结果发现,家族命名显著降低了企业的风险承担水平,且这一负面影响关系在存在家族成员涉入管理、家族股权中仅有核心家族成员参与时表现得更强.此外,家族命名的上述影响主要表现为抑制了企业的投资水平、股权质押、战略激进度等实际的风险行为,家族命名对企业风险承担水平的抑制作用主要体现在成立时间较短的企业中,家族命名也会显著提升企业的慈善捐赠水平.最后,还发现家族命名方式在子公司的使用范围也会负向影响企业的风险承担水平.研究结论有助于加深对家族企业风险承担行为的认识与理解,对如何更好地鼓励和发挥民营家族企业的企业家精神具有启发意义.     

家族决策权配置与企业创新——基于冗余资源与社会情感财富的调节效应北大核心CSSCI

本文以2011—2016年中国家族上市企业为样本,研究了四类家族决策权配置模式与企业创新的关系,并探讨了冗余资源与社会情感财富的调节效应。研究发现:(1)“家族—家族”决策权配置模式不利于企业创新,“家族—职业”决策权配置模式有助于企业创新,“职业—家族”决策权配置模式不会对企业创新产生显著影响,“职业—职业”决策权配置模式有助于企业创新。其中,“家族—职业”决策权配置模式对企业创新的积极影响最显著。(2)冗余资源弱化了“家族—家族”以及“家族—职业”两类决策权配置模式与企业创新之间的关系。(3)约束型社会情感财富强化了“家族—家族”以及“家族—职业”两类决策权配置模式与企业创新之间的关系。(4)延伸型社会情感财富一方面弱化了“家族—职业”决策权配置模式与企业创新的正相关关系;另一方面则强化了“职业—职业”决策权配置模式与企业创新的正相关关系。本文从决策权配置的视角来解释家族企业的创新战略,并兼顾了冗余资源与社会情感财富的影响,对家族企业如何设计决策权配置模式具有一定的启示意义。     

家族逻辑、企业逻辑与家族企业成长——S公司案例研究

家族企业涉及家族和企业2个系统,前者以情感为维系逻辑,后者以能力效率为运营逻辑,二者之间既存在互补关系,也存在冲突。家族逻辑和企业逻辑之间能否平衡决定着家族企业成功的概率。S公司案例表明,在中国文化背景下,以"孝悌"为核心的家族伦理影响着创业者的家族地位和家族社会资本的汇集,进而影响家族企业的文化理念和社会责任。只有在制度理性的约束下,伦理文化才有利于企业运行效率的提升,因此,家族企业获得竞争优势的机制在于"家族伦理—企业伦理-制度理性"三者之间的有效制衡与共振。     

家族企业的权威系统与代际传承

从合约理论的视角提出家族企业领导人的权威是对以其为中心的不完全合约的有效治理结构;并进一步以盖尔西克的三环模式为基础,将其依赖的权威解析为来源于所有权的合法权威,来源于管理才能、人格特质的领袖魅力权威和来源于亲缘关系的家族权威3类.提出在家族企业代际传承过程中,合法权威可以通过股权转移和管理职位任命而直接继承;另外2类权威却只能重建,由此造成代际传承中的权威失落和传承失败.采用实证方法检验家族权威与领袖魅力权威差别的同时,运用权威系统分析红豆集团和海鑫集团2个典型案例,突出代际传承中权威重建的意义.     

用户-企业共享价值诉求与企业创新能力关系研究——以顾客授权为中介

企业吸纳用户参与创新过程，是构建并提升创新能力的重要途径。但作为外部创新源，用户参与创新虽然将价值创造与价值消费形成闭环，却以企业开放创新过程为条件，这加剧了创新过程的复杂性，也使用户参与提升企业创新能力的内在机理难以洞悉。基于价值共创理论、用户创新理论与创新能力理论，本文从企业方面探索如何吸纳用户参与创新过程进而提升创新能力的内在规律。基于202份国内企业样本，首先探索了用—企共享的价值诉求构念内涵与结构。在此基础上，以"动机构建→授权导引→能力发展"为脉络研究价值共创视角下企业创新能力提升机理。发现：（1）用户参与的社会性价值预期能够有效提升企业二元性创新能力；（2）用—企共享的独异价值预期（功能性价值）能够有效提升企业渐进性创新能力；（3）顾客授权在"用—企"共享的社会性价值诉求与渐进性创新能力之间起到局部中介的作用。     

Promoting business model innovation through social media strategic capability: A moderated mediation model

The rapid development of social media has significantly affected organizational innovation activities. However, scant research has investigated how social media, as an important innovative tool within the corporate landscape, influences firm business model innovation (BMI). This paper provides an initial investigation into whether, and how, social media can be used to promote firm BMI. Drawing on the strategic capability literature, the study examines the relationship between social media strategic capability (SMSC) and BMI by focusing on the mediating role of strategic flexibility and the moderating effects of top management team (TMT) heterogeneity and environmental dynamism. Empirical results from a sample of 283 Chinese firms with two key informants each show a significant and positive association between SMSC and BMI, which is mediated by strategic flexibility. In addition, moderated path analyses indicate that TMT heterogeneity positively moderates the SMSC–strategic flexibility path, while environmental dynamism positively moderates the strategic flexibility–BMI path in the mediated relationship. Theoretical and practical implications of this study for both social media and BMI research are discussed.     

Internationalization of family SMEs: the impact of ownership, governance, and top management team

Family small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) internationalize their business after consolidating their position in their domestic market. Once family SMEs have built up the necessary resources and capabilities for their growth in the domestic market, they may leverage it later on for further expansion abroad. This paper seeks to examine the determinant factors that may explain the internationalization of family SMEs. More specifically, this study will examine the relationship between ownership, governance, top management team (TMT) and internationalization in family SMEs. Family SMEs may reap the benefit of stewardship orientation. This study seeks to examine the potential moderating role of stewardship orientation and TMT behavioral integration. The main contribution of this study is in examining theoretically and conceptually the relationship between ownership, governance, TMT and internationalization in the family SME context.     

Top Team Diversity,Internationalization and the Mediating Effect of International Alliances*

This study examines the mediating effect of international alliances for the relationship between TMT (top management team) job‐related diversity (educational, functional background, outside industry experience and international exposure) and firm internationalization. We argue that firms with greater TMT diversity will use more international alliances, resulting in higher firm internationalization. Based on a sample of 226 US firms during the period 1988–1994, we find that international alliances partially mediate the relationship between TMT international exposure diversity and firm internationalization. However, we do not find international alliances to mediate the relationships between other forms of TMT diversity and firm internationalization. We discuss implications and directions for future research.     

The role of CEO emotional stability and team heterogeneity in shaping the top management team affective tone and firm performance relationship

In this paper, we aim to bridge the micro-macro divide by addressing continued calls from strategic leadership and affect researchers to examine the black box to consider how CEO characteristics relate to top management team (TMT) affective experiences, and, in turn firm outcomes. We further consider the role of one key contextual factor in this relationship: TMT heterogeneity. We predict that CEO personality, specifically, emotional stability, is positively associated with TMT affective tone. Moreover, we posit that the relationship between TMT affective tone and firm performance depends on TMT task-related heterogeneity, such that positive affective tone benefits firm performance in heterogeneous TMTs, whereas negative affective tone benefits firm performance in homogeneous TMTs. Using a novel methodology that measures key psychological aspects of the CEO and TMT, we examined 50 TMTs from publicly-traded companies to test our predictions. Our findings offer theoretical contributions to the strategic leadership, affect and diversity literatures as well as managerial applications for CEO selection and management and managing diversity in upper echelons.     

Inter‐organizational Cooperation and Environmental Change: Moderating Effects between Flexibility and Innovation Performance

The paper investigates the moderator effect of inter‐organizational cooperation in the relationship between workplace flexibility and innovation performance. This research question is important because innovation is dependent on the strategic integration of technological knowledge, requiring organizations to acquire new capabilities rapidly or to ensure the presence of knowledge that may be beyond existing internal capabilities. Inter‐organizational cooperation constitutes a relevant mechanism for a firm to increase its knowledge base concerning new products and processes. High‐cooperation firms may have more opportunities to take advantage of flexibility for innovation performance because it facilitates the access and dispersion of knowledge within the firm. We test the research hypotheses in a sample of manufacturing and service firms. The results contribute to the literature on flexibility and innovation because they demonstrate that inter‐organizational cooperation moderates the relationship between flexibility and innovation performance. We discuss the implications of these results for future research and managerial practice.     

CEO grandiose narcissism and firm performance: The role of organizational identification

This study reconciles the positive and negative sides of CEO grandiose narcissism by examining the role that CEO organizational identification plays in moderating the effect of CEO grandiose narcissism on top management team (TMT) behavioral integration. We first distinguish between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and we then draw on upper echelons theory and executive personality research to hypothesize and test a model in which CEO grandiose narcissism is positively related to TMT behavioral integration when CEOs are high in organizational identification. The relationship is expected to be negative when CEOs do not identify strongly with their organizations. TMT behavioral integration, in turn, predicts subsequent firm performance. Findings based on multi-source data from a sample of 97 CEOs and their firms supported the hypotheses. These results highlight the complex nature of CEO grandiose narcissism – namely, that the construct has both positive and negative aspects as it relates to top management team dynamics and firm performance and that the relationship is affected by CEOs' identification with their organizations.     

The role of internal social capital in organisational innovation. An empirical study of family firms

Using a sample of 172 Spanish family firms and two responders per firm, consisting of a family member and a non-family member (344 returned questionnaires), we examine the effects of internal social capital on organisational innovation. Building on the relational, cognitive, and structural view, and on social capital theory, we propose that internal networking relationships between family members (family social capital) and between non-family members (non-family social capital) in family firms facilitates innovation. Moreover, its benefits flow from the relationships among the firm's internal groups. The results of structural equation models indicate that the social capital of both family members and non-family members has a direct and positive effect on innovation. Further, our findings provide evidence that non-family social capital is just as effective as family social capital for family firm innovation, establishing a new line of research from an empirical perspective. The findings also test whether social factors are key assets of family firm innovation.