精益生产流程构筑与看板管理

精益生产是以流程为导向、以无间断的流程计划为核心、以看板管理为载体的一种后拉式生产模式。精益生产流程的构筑是为了减少生产过程中的搬运、等待、动作等的浪费,结合看板管理减少生产中的在制品,实现目视管理,从而提高整个公司的盈利水平。     

精益生产流程构筑与看板管理

精益生产是以流程为导向、以无间断的流程计划为核心、以看板管理为载体的一种后拉式生产模式.精益生产流程的构筑是为了减少生产过程中的搬运、等待、动作等的浪费,结合看板管理减少生产中的在制品,实现目视管理,从而提高整个公司的盈利水平.     

安阳市烟草商业公司卷烟精益物流建设研究

精益物流是一种强调消除浪费、创造价值、持续改善的物流管理模式,对改善烟草商业公司物流管理粗放、效率低下、成本偏高等问题具有积极意义。本文阐述了精益物流理论基本内容,分析了安阳市烟草商业公司物流管理现状及问题。然后,结合国家局精益物流工作指导意见中"精化流程、精确核算、精准运营、精到服务、精细管理"的要求和"一费七率"绩效考核指标,提出了安阳烟草商业公司卷烟精益物流建设策略。     

客舱内旅客扰乱行为诱因特征

本文从航空安全保卫的视角，分析民航旅客愤怒情绪与攻击行为的生成机制，探讨旅客扰乱行为对民航安保的影响，通过分析乘机旅客的个体情绪发展过程，划分出起飞前、飞行中与飞行后不同阶段的空中愤怒行为诱因，以期为分阶段降低扰乱性旅客行为提供借鉴。     

推行精益生产从“改善”开始——精益生产理念在企业中的运用

精益生产的核心理念是"消除浪费,持续改善","改善"则是当前最适合企业实际获得最大利益的有效方法,消除企业运营中的浪费,减少现场不增值的流程,推行精益生产,从"改善"开始,将对企业提高管理水平,获得更大利益产生积极的影响,有利于企业提高市场竞争能力。     

民航旅客不当行为的分类研究

近年来,旅客冲向停机坪、打砸抢事件屡有发生,旅客不当行为也引起了学术界的关注。文章在充分借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,通过文献法与访谈法,根据民航运行特征,总结民航旅客不当行为的定义,从旅客自身行为动机、旅客不当行为发生区域、旅客不当行为结果分析其类别,为剖析民航旅客不当行为的原因、形成机理及对策提供理论依据。     

基于精益思想的工程建设项目施工质量管理问题研究

基于精益建设的工程项目质量管理就是结合工程项目的特点,把精益思想应用到工程项目质量管理中,在建筑产品生产过程中消除浪费,创造价值,以此来不断的提高建筑工程项目质量的管理过程。     

浅谈新形势下国有企业实施精益化管理模式的作用与积极意义

精益管理由最初的在生产系统的管理实践成功,已经逐步延伸到企业的各项管理业务,也由最初的具体业务管理方法,上升为战略管理理念。精益管理要求企业的各项活动都必须运用"精益思维"。"精益思维"的核心就是以最小资源投入,包括人力、设备、资金、材料、时间和空间,创造出尽可能多的价值,为顾客提供新产品和及时的服务。精益管理的目标就是企业在为顾客提供满意的产品与服务的同时,把浪费降到最低程度。基于精细化管理模式的重大功效以及传统国有企业"统一领导,分级管理"的种种弊端,国有企业实施精益化管理无疑是寻求发展与突破的出路之一。本文通过分析精益化管理的内涵,阐述了新形势下国有企业实施精益化管理的必要性与积极意义。     

可持续发展理念下企业精益管理体系的建设研究

精益管理是企业利用精益思想及管理工具消除企业管理过程中各种资源浪费的现象,以达到提高企业经营管理效率的目的,实现企业的可持续发展。在企业实际的经营管理中,精益化管理不仅是一种管理方法,更是一种管理理念。企业要在自身的生产或服务、财务管理及日常运营等各个环节渗透精益管理理念,建立健全精益管理体系。文章主要基于可持续发展的理念探讨企业精益管理体系的建设策略,以供参考。     

精益人力资源管理中的浪费及控制策略

本文从精益管理的视角，重新审视人力资源管理，透析其中的隐性浪费，包括：职位空缺浪费、不合格人才造成的浪费、员工的低效率浪费、人才资源配置中的浪费、人力资源开发过程中的浪费、制度不合理造成的浪费？等六大浪费。借此，去发现人力资源管理的薄弱环节，彻底消除人力资源管理中的浪费，提升人力资源管理效率。     

废弃物回收的多层逆向物流网络优化设计问题研究

废弃物逆向物流网络设计问题是一个关系到经济效益和社会效益的问题.本文研究了废弃物逆向物流网络设计问题,包括选择中转站和处理站的地址,确定将产生点的废弃物分配给中转站以及从中转站运送到处理站的最佳策略,确定处理站的容量.考虑了在满足公众的意愿的情况下,建立了一个多目标的纯整数规划模型,最小化总的建设费用和设施对公众产生的负效用.设计了基于启发式的两阶段分解算法求解,从而构建一个废弃物回收的多层逆向物流网络.最后的算例仿真表明了算法的有效性和可行性.     

Achieving Lean Objectives through RFID: A Simulation‐Based Assessment*

Lean concepts in manufacturing have focused on elimination of wastes within the business processes. This study investigates whether addition of radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies in the manufacturing process can complement Lean manufacturing. Specifically, will more accurate information from RFID‐based solutions help achieve the goals of Lean initiatives in manufacturing plant performance and, if yes, in what specific ways? The analysis is based on a comparison of the following three automatic identification technologies: existing (one‐dimensional) 1D barcode, 2D barcode, and the use of RFID in a real job‐shop environment where items are manufactured for meeting actual demand and also future forecast demand. We analyze the effect of information visibility in these settings by examining the various types of wastes that are typically addressed in Lean initiatives. The results of a discrete‐event simulation suggest that employing RFID in Lean manufacturing initiatives can reduce some wastes but not necessarily all types of waste. We observe an increase in overproduction waste in our setting, although other wastes are reduced with improved information visibility. Overall, our results indicate that manufacturing organizations should explore information visibility through RFID to enhance their Lean initiatives.     

Multiple criteria decision analysis of treatment and land-filling technologies for waste incineration residues

In this paper, we present a real-world case realized in Switzerland on behalf of the federal agency in charge of the waste policy. The incineration of urban wastes generates hazardous residues that need specific treatment and/or land-filling technologies. The variety of local situations and appraisals led to the choice of very different solutions. Moreover, proponents were keen to propose new technologies. The purpose of this study was to provide the background for a national policy that would apply to all future projects.     

Fuzzy integrated QFD,FMEA framework for the selection of lean tools in a manufacturing organisation

Lean Manufacturing (LM) is a well-established system to improve performance of any manufacturing industry by eliminating wastes through globally accepted tools and techniques. Industries are trying to adapt lean principles in order to optimise the resources like people, equipment, material and schedule for being efficient in the competitive market. This paper proposes an integrated approach for selecting appropriate lean tools in reliable lean perspective to enhance these critical resources. The approach exercise a hybrid model which uses fuzzy QFD to prioritise the critical resources in relation with identified wastes and fuzzy FMEA to assess the risk associated with each sub elements to address lean implementation. For waste identification, plant layout and Value Stream Mapping are considered. The model is demonstrated based on the data collected from a manufacturing industry to illustrate the application. Significant improvements are quantified with the help of future state map and plant layout.     

存在议价能力和副产品协同生产的制造商最优产量决策

考虑由环保型制造商和处理厂构成的两级供应链结构，其中上游制造商进行主产品的生产，而下游处理厂通过对废料加工进行副产品的生产。基于供应链成员之间存在不同议价能力的情形，构建了上游制造商将产生的废料给下游进行处理的协同生产模式，给出了主产品的均衡产量决策和废料的最优交易价格以及制造商关于废料的最优处理策略。研究结果表明，制造商的废料处理策略取决于消费者对副产品产量的敏感程度。当消费者对副产品产量较敏感（不敏感）时，制造商会选择自己处理废料（给处理厂进行加工）。此外，随着制造商议价能力的上升，制造商的均衡利润上升，而处理厂的均衡利润下降。最后发现本文的基本结论在随机产出环境下依然稳健。     

A new value stream mapping approach for healthcare environments

Hospitals worldwide are giving a growing emphasis to the application of lean concepts in the healthcare sector, commonly known as ‘lean healthcare’. A fundamental tool that allows such implementations is the value stream mapping (VSM). The problem is that VSM models used in implementations of lean healthcare are simple adaptations of the original VSM model, which was initially directed towards manufacturing and may not always represent important support activities for the patient flow that directly impact treatment time. Within this context, this paper presents a new VSM approach for healthcare environments. This new VSM model, specifically designed for healthcare environments, contemplates all activities that directly affect the treatment time. In addition, the present paper also presents an action research in a Brazilian hospital where the proposed VSM model is compared to other VSM models found in the literature. The results shown that the proposed VSM model was able to identify some operational bottlenecks and wastes that interfere in the patient’s treatment that could not be identified by other mapping models studied.     

Perceived Risks of Radioactive Waste Transport Through Oregon: Results of a Statewide Survey

Transportation of hazardous materials, and particularly radioactive wastes, on public highways has become an important risk management issue. The unfavorability of public attitudes regarding hazardous and nuclear wastes signals the potential for strong public opposition to programs for transporting these materials. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted to assess public reactions to a long-term nuclear waste transport program planned to follow a route through a portion of rural Oregon. The survey assessed a number of key risk perception issues, including perceived health and safety risks of nuclear waste transport, relative risks of transport vs. storage at an existing site, trust in state officials, and satisfaction with life in communities along the transport route. The survey identified a number of attitudes and concerns that need to be understood and considered by those in charge of designing and implementing the waste-transportation program.     

Industry Response to SARA Title III: Pollution Prevention, Risk Reduction, and Risk Communication

This paper reports results from a survey designed to: (1) evaluate changes in industrial pollution prevention practices since the passage of the landmark environmental legislation, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, also known as SARA Title III, and (2) identify those factors that may contribute to an industrial facility engaging in pollution prevention and risk communication activities. The survey was conducted under a Cooperative Agreement between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Columbia University Center for Risk Communication. Evidence from the survey indicates that a wide variety of waste and pollution reduction activities have been undertaken since passage of the Act. Virtually all facilities surveyed in the pulp and paper, chemical, and petroleum and refining industries reported that they had reduced pollutants or wastes on at least one often measures, including reducing toxic air emissions. Most facilities indicated paying more attention to pollution prevention activities as a result of SARA Title III and half reported that their communication activities have also increased.     

A multi-objective geographic information system for route selection of nuclear waste transport

Nuclear power is widely used throughout the world today. Functioning nuclear power plants produce large quantities of radioactive wastes needing to be transported to safe sites for proper management. With public emphasis on environmental protection and concern for safe transport of nuclear wastes, the problem of selecting an appropriate route for transporting nuclear wastes is a vitally important issue. The aforementioned route selection problem involves conflicting objectives among interested parties; therefore, we develop a multi-objective geographic information system (GIS) with ESRI ArcView GIS 3.x interface to practically support the involved parties for such a multi-objective route selection problem in engineering practices.     

Crystal Balls and Cooling Ponds: An Insight into Financial Forecasting and Funding Problems of the Nuclear Legacy

Public Organization Review - Globally, ageing civilian nuclear plant and their toxic wastes are in need of decommissioning and disposal as operational lives end. In the UK, a legacy (DTI 2002) of...