共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
Jennifer Tomlinson 《Gender Issues》2008,25(4):246-266
The paper aims to develop a framework to understand the variant use of part-time work by employed mothers in the UK and US.
In particular, this paper seeks to explore how diversity in the use of part-time work can be explained when both countries
are associated with a neo-liberal form of capitalism (Hall and Soskice, Varieties of Capitalism: the institutional foundations
of comparative advantage, 2001) and welfare regime (Esping-Andersen, The three worlds of welfare capitalism, 1990). It is
argued here that by combining aspects of the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) and welfare regimes literatures with Gender Regime
theory (Walby, Social Politics, 11(1):4–29, 2004), a gender centred analysis of both the causes and consequences of divergent
working-time patterns can be more adequately achieved.
相似文献
Jennifer TomlinsonEmail: |
2.
Ming Tsui 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):1-11
This study examines the relationship between gender and mathematics achievement among students in China and the United States,
with an emphasis on the gender gap among mathematically talented students. The results show that in neither the US nor China
are there gender differences in eighth grade math-achievement test scores. In China, there are no gender differences in mean
college entrance examination math scores among high-school seniors, while in America, the mean SAT-Math score among male high-school
seniors has been consistently higher than those of their female counterparts. In both the US and China, there are gender differences
among the top math performers on college entrance examinations; boys are over-represented. The Chinese national mathematics
curriculum, well-trained teachers, beliefs by students and their parents that academic achievement is more a product of effort
than of natural ability, a gender-neutral parental expectation for children’s education, and generous family spending on the
education of girls are suggested as possible factors underlying the comparable performance of the Chinese female and male
students. The sorting system at Chinese secondary school level and a cultural stereotype favoring boys in mathematics are
suggested as possible contributors to the math-achievement gender gap found among the top Chinese high school seniors.
相似文献
Ming TsuiEmail: |
3.
Jan M. Hoem Dora Kostova Aiva Jasilioniene Cornelia Mureşan 《Revue europeenne de demographie》2009,25(3):239-255
Using data from the first round of the national Gender and Generations Surveys of Russia, Romania, and Bulgaria, and from
a similar survey of Hungary, which were all collected in recent years, we study rates of entry into marital and non-marital
unions. We have used elements from the narrative of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) as a vehicle to give our analysis
of the data from the four countries some coherence, and find what can be traces of the SDT in these countries. The details
vary by country; in particular, latter-day developments in union formation patterns did not start at the same time in all
the countries, but in our assessment it began everywhere before communism fell, that is, before the societal transition to
a market economy got underway in 1990.
相似文献
Jan M. HoemEmail: |
4.
Women and minorities have consistently experienced marginalization and inequality in the United States, with low-income, immigrant
and refugee women experiencing the most severe forms. This paper explores how we can restructure one area in which disparities
exist, the primary healthcare system, to provide respectful, compassionate, accessible and adequate care to refugee and low-income
women who are medically at-risk during pregnancy. This will be done by reviewing the Priscilla Project, an inner-city program
that serves at-risk pregnant women in Buffalo, NY, including the history and persistence of disparities in healthcare, activities
and impact of the program, and the uniquely contextualized program paradigm.
相似文献
Jimmy RoweEmail: |
5.
Mareile Flitsch 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(2):265-288
Knowledge organisation, embodiment of knowledge and knowledge representation are important issues for an anthropology of technology,
which seeks to explore the ways in which people find and shape everyday solutions to social and technical challenges. This
article discusses the impact of skill and of risk prevention on women’s decision-making, as well as on the domestication and
appropriation of new technologies. Particular attention is paid to non-synchronicity as a retarding factor and to the obsolescence
of skills as a critical moment in the transformation of socio-technical systems in twentieth century rural northern China
as elsewhere.
相似文献
Mareile FlitschEmail: |
6.
This article examines birth control as practice and discourse in 1920s and 1930s Korea under Japanese colonial rule and explores
links with family planning and reproductive practices in post-1945 South Korea. The control of women’s reproduction held critical
implications for meanings of domesticity, marriage, sexual relations, and new womanhood. While a woman-centered position did
emerge regarding birth control, the parameters of the discourse, concerns of gynecology, and the material culture of birth
control ultimately tied the bodies and health of women to their biological and social roles as mothers.
相似文献
Sonja KimEmail: |
7.
Emma Bayne 《Gender Issues》2009,26(2):130-140
Sweden is often hailed as a pioneering country regarding gender equity, but it still has gender equity issues to deal with,
and gender stereotyping is sometimes mentioned as one of them. Since the 1990s, Sweden has seen the emergence of many gender
pedagogy projects, not least in pre-schools. With gender equity projects among adults yielding limited results, the focus
has shifted to children to see if gender stereotypes can be countered in childhood. This article aims to provide an overview
of the gender pedagogy projects that have been carried out in Swedish pre-schools. The article covers background, methods
and insights gained.
相似文献
Emma BayneEmail: |
8.
In Korea, scientific excellence has been perceived as one of the key elements of modern nation-building. Moreover, from the
late 1990s to the early 2000s, the government represented biotechnology as the future engine of the economy. Hwang succeeded
in representing himself as the hero of Korean science by appropriating the public eagerness for scientific achievement. However,
he relied on nationalist rhetoric too often against criticisms, which eventually made a considerable part of the public turn
skeptical about his integrity. Although various forms of techno-nationalism are still pervasive in Korea, Hwang’s scandal
has given a valuable chance for reflection on the relationship of science and nationalism.
相似文献
Tae-Ho KimEmail: |
9.
Although there is some awareness of how women in infertility treatment have suffered physically and psychologically, it is
a little known fact that there is a limit to the “cures” that can be achieved even with assisted reproductive technologies.
Here, I describe how the existence of ART affects women’s decision making about their lives. Through life histories of women
who underwent infertility treatment, I explore the factors which cause their suffering and conflict—that they cannot give
up on having children even though they want to give up—as follows: (1) The models of their ideal family which have been formed
throughout their lives is ‘ordinary’ family; (2) they experienced the alienation from their own bodies in infertility treatment;
(3) they are afraid that they deviate from the community norm because of infertility; (4) their narrative shows their suffering
from infertility is caused by tense relationship in family and community. These factors make women in infertility belittle
themselves. Through their life histories, I conclude that they need to be empowered if they want to akirameru (give up) having children after prolonged infertility treatment. To paraphrase, a woman who suffers from infertility and
infertility treatment is empowered when she becomes unafraid to deviated from cultural norms.
相似文献
Azumi TsugeEmail: |
10.
Although much is known about changes in the conjugal family, little is known about trends in contact between parents and adult
(independently living) children. Using unique survey data, we study changes in contact with the mother and the father in five
western countries over a 15-year period (Austria, West Germany, Great Britain, the United States, and Italy). We describe
changes and we examine the role of compositional changes in the trend. We find no evidence for a decline in intergenerational
contact, in contrast to notions of individualism. In two countries, there has been an increase in contact with the mother
and in three countries no net trend is observed. Contact with the father has not changed. Other forms of contact (e.g., telephone
contact) have increased. Some compositional changes have had a downward pressure on the trend, leading to a decline in contact
(i.e., rising education, declining church attendance), but these pressures have been compensated by counteracting compositional
changes (declining sibsize) and by behavioral changes.
相似文献
Matthijs KalmijnEmail: |
11.
Keri Weber Sikich 《Gender Issues》2008,25(3):147-156
International female homelessness is a difficult subject to address for a number of reasons. First, understanding what defines
homelessness poses a problem because female homelessness often takes on a different form than that of male homelessness. Also,
homelessness in industrialized countries looks different from that of developing nations where women are more likely to have
inadequate housing in temporary shelters or live as squatters. Both of these factors affect the visibility of female homelessness
as well as the ability to garner an accurate account of the number of homeless women around the world. Understanding the causes
of female homelessness from a global perspective is no less difficult to comprehend because it encompasses so many other multifaceted
issues. Women in developing nations face a different set of issues than their counterparts in the industrialized world because
of differences in property rights, women’s rights generally, access to education, and access to social services. Finally,
immigrant women face a unique set of circumstances of being a foreigner without an adequate social support network.
Keri Weber Sikich is a Ph.D. student at American University in the Justice, Law and Society Department. She has a Master’s Degree in International Relations from the University of Chicago. 相似文献
Keri Weber SikichEmail: |
Keri Weber Sikich is a Ph.D. student at American University in the Justice, Law and Society Department. She has a Master’s Degree in International Relations from the University of Chicago. 相似文献
12.
Adele E. Clarke 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(3):303-326
This special issue of EASTS examines reproductive technoscience, gender, and the formation of East Asian modernities across the twentieth and into the
twenty-first century. We begin our introduction with a brief overview of social science scholarship to date on reproductive
topics. We then turn to emergent trends: going to and coming from beyond the West, complicating the issues, and intensive
localizing and comparative research. Next, we discuss themes that cut across considerations of gender, reproductive technologies,
and related issues in East Asia: issues of imperialisms and colonialisms as roots and contexts, postcolonial and nationalist
forms of embeddedness, feminist theories of gender and transnationalism, and relations of gender and reproductive technologies
to biological citizenship. Last is an introduction to the articles in this special issue.
相似文献
Adele E. ClarkeEmail: |
13.
Judith Kleinfeld 《Gender Issues》2009,26(2):113-129
The existence of a “boy crisis” in the United States is a topic of public policy debate. This study examines the state of
American boyhood, using not only the commonly reviewed indicators of school achievement but also mental health, premature
death, injury, delinquency, and arrests. Boys are in trouble in many areas: low rates of literacy, low grades and engagement
in school, high dropout from school, and dramatically higher rates of placement in special education, suicide, premature death,
injuries, and arrests. Girls, however, suffer from other problems, especially depression, suicidal ideation and attempts,
and eating disorders, and are less likely to achieve at the very highest levels in mathematics and science. This study argues
that both boys and girls suffer from characteristic problems, but the issues affecting boys are serious and neglected.
相似文献
Judith KleinfeldEmail: |
14.
Investigations with homeless populations have focused on those living on the streets or in shelters; few have examined phenomena
based on respondents’ self-definitions as homeless or not. This investigation examined similarities and differences among
risk factors (including mental health, substance abuse, religion/spirituality, social support, and risky sexual behaviors)
using two definitions of homelessness: one where place of residence defined individuals as homeless (the ‘objective’ or traditional,
definition) and another where respondents defined themselves as homeless (the ‘subjective’ definition). Data come from the
baseline survey of the NIAAA-funded “Sister-to-Sister” study (n = 339) of heavy-drinking women. Subjectively defined homelessness was associated with higher rates of mental health and substance
use disorders, lower rates of condom use, higher rates of trading sex for food, and less social support. Objectively defined
homelessness was associated with higher rates of drinking in abandoned buildings, on the streets, and in public restrooms,
more new sexual partners, and higher rates of trading sex for heroin and speedballs. Investigations failing to ask for subjective
information may misattribute some factors to homelessness which may overestimate the effect of various factors on homelessness.
Investigators should ask respondents to define their homelessness, or they lose an important dimension of the concept of homelessness.
相似文献
Linda B. CottlerEmail: |
15.
Lisa Shawn Hogan 《Gender Issues》2008,25(2):63-79
The World Anti-Slavery Convention of 1840 is remembered most as the event that inspired Lucretia Coffin Mott and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton to organize the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention. Few scholars, however, have analyzed the debate proceedings
that ultimately resulted in women’s exclusion from the convention. An analysis of the convention proceedings questions Wendell
Phillips’ strategy of speaking on behalf of the women, arguing instead that William Lloyd Garrison’s strategy of silence was
the more rhetorically astute response to the exclusion of women. Garrison’s silent protest not only attracted more attention
to the women’s rights cause, but also inspired women to speak on their own behalf.
相似文献
Lisa Shawn HoganEmail: |
16.
Sima Zalcberg 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):13-34
Women’s modesty norms are often perceived as governing women’s bodies and as patriarchal oppression. This study challenges
these perspectives, offering a deeper, multi-dimensional picture showing that the reality of the women’s life is much more
complicated. The article chose to discuss aspects of modesty among women of one of the most extreme Jewish ultra-Orthodox
groups, and in particular, to investigate how they experience an extremely demanding requirement—shaving off the hair on their
head upon marriage and covering their head with a black kerchief. The findings show that there are a variety of voices among
the women, ranging from the view that these practices are desirable, through the view that they empower the women, to the
view that they damage one’s attractiveness and are quite painful.
相似文献
Sima ZalcbergEmail: |
17.
Choong-Hwan Park 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(2):235-264
The peasantry is probably the last social category that researchers of technology and society readily associate with the use
of high technologies such as the Internet. But in China recently, tens of thousands of peasant entrepreneurs, engaged in a
unique form of rural tourism popularly called nongjiale (delights in farm guesthouses), have adopted the Internet as a medium for advertising their farm guesthouses. This paper
is an anthropological study of how Chinese peasant entrepreneurs’ adoption of the Internet is engrained in the broader material
and symbolic orders of contemporary Chinese society. By exploring the way in which the Chinese peasants are idiosyncratically
involved with the Internet, it also questions whether STS (Science, Technology, and Society) concepts such as users and non-users,
developed essentially within Euro-American contexts, are adequate to explain the symbolic appropriations of high-tech in pursuit
of modernity in China today.
相似文献
Choong-Hwan ParkEmail: |
18.
Though surveys repeatedly demonstrate that most women who are homeless alone have minor children living apart from them, there
is little information on the circumstances of their separations or whether and how they remain involved with their children.
Analysis of data from in-depth interviews with mothers, relatives caring for their children, and shelter and child welfare
staff highlights a tension between perspectives and aspirations of mothers and the agendas and social processes through which
institutional systems manage the family life of women marginalized by homelessness and disability. Though women’s agency is
evident in their efforts to maintain parenting roles, without facilitating resources and supportive structures, agency is
often reduced to unpalatable choices among constraining alternatives. We consider how service systems might mitigate barriers
to mothering as well as broader changes needed to genuinely support women’s aspirations for themselves and their families.
相似文献
Susan M. BarrowEmail: |
19.
Anne R. Roschelle 《Gender Issues》2008,25(3):193-209
Using data collected during a 4 year ethnography, this paper examines how the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) has impacted homeless women in San Francisco who are also victims of domestic violence. Specifically
this paper looks at how the behavior of abusive men prevents homeless women from successfully navigating the new welfare-to-work
requirements and maintaining stable employment. Findings indicate that despite the discourse touting the success of welfare
reform, the 1996 PRWORA has further disenfranchised an already devastated population systematically forcing them further onto
the margins of society.
Anne R. Roschelle is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Sociology Department at the State University of New York at New Paltz. Her research and teaching interests include family poverty, racial ethnic minorities, gender inequality, ethnography, and welfare reform. 相似文献
Anne R. RoschelleEmail: |
Anne R. Roschelle is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Sociology Department at the State University of New York at New Paltz. Her research and teaching interests include family poverty, racial ethnic minorities, gender inequality, ethnography, and welfare reform. 相似文献
20.
Using technology domestication theory as the analytical framework, this paper discusses the findings of ethnographic interviews
with middle class families in China and South Korea, comparing how they incorporate information and communication technologies
(ICTs) into their lives. It analyses how family priorities, cultural values and social pressures influence the ways in which
ICT use is woven into their lives, in the process invigorating traditional forms and networks of communication like guanxi for the Chinese and Cheong for the Koreans. It also pays special attention to supervision of ICT use and considers how the societal valorisation of
academic excellence influences parental strategies in this regard.
Sun Sun LIM (PhD, LSE) is Assistant Professor at the Communications and New Media Programme, National University of Singapore. She studies new media literacy and technology domestication by families in Asia, having conducted research in China, South Korea and Singapore. 相似文献
Sun Sun LimEmail: |
Sun Sun LIM (PhD, LSE) is Assistant Professor at the Communications and New Media Programme, National University of Singapore. She studies new media literacy and technology domestication by families in Asia, having conducted research in China, South Korea and Singapore. 相似文献