论我国民族教育政策存在的问题及对策

改革开放30多年以来,我国的民族教育得到了较大发展,也取得了一定的成绩。但民族教育政策中还是存在一些问题,不能适应新时期我国经济和社会发展的实际需要。文章从目前我国教育政策中存在的问题出发,探讨和分析了相应的对策和措施。     

黑龙江省少数民族教育情况的调研报告

改革开放30年来,黑龙江省的民族教育在教育投入、教育改革、素质教育、"普九"教育,师资建设和依法治教等方面取得了良好成效,同时存在着发展不均衡、经费投入不足、师资短缺和相关保障有待于进一步完善等问题.对此,必须确立民族教育优先发展的战略地位,建立健全民族教育经费保障机制,大力加强民族教育行政教研和师资队伍建议,努力实现全省民族教育又好又快的发展.     

改革开放30年来中国民族理论发展状况回顾——第九届全国民族理论学术研讨会综述

改革开放30年来,中国民族理论研究取得了长足的发展。在此基础上,梳理和总结改革开放30年来中国民族理论研究的经验和教训,继续坚持马克思主义民族理论的研究方向是当前理论研究中的重要工作。第九届全国民族理论学术研讨会对民族概念研究、城市民族问题研究、民族地区教育问题研究、未来中国民族理论发展等问题进行了探讨,充分显示了中国民族理论学界对这些问题的关注和思考。     

热烈庆祝许家桥回族维吾尔族乡成立30周年——且思且行且攀登民族团结奔小康——许家桥回族维吾尔乡成立30周年大腾飞

30年前，沐浴着中国大地改革开放的春风，常德市鼎城区许家桥回族维吾尔族乡经湖南省人民政府批准正式成立，地处沅水流域善卷文化发源地的民族乡，从此开启了新的历史纪元。30年来，许家桥回维乡在各级各部门的大力支持下，在全乡各族同胞的共同奋斗下，认真贯彻执行党和国家的民族政策，乡村经济发展提速，社会事业持续发展、新农村建设稳步推进、乡镇企业蓬勃兴起、民族文化传承发展、各民族团结和睦，基础设施焕然一新，各项建设取得了令人瞩目的成绩。     

1980～2010年中国少数民族教育研究范式综述

从研究范式的角度看中国改革开放后30年来少数民族教育研究的图景,发现:马克思主义民族教育思想是中国民族教育政策制订的指导思想,强调国家统一和爱国主义。多元文化教育范式在中国体现为多元一体化教育。民族认同研究范式强调民族文化的传承。民族地区教育不均衡发展研究范式认为,在中国,地区差别、城乡差别和阶层差别所造成的教育不平等要远远显著于族群差别。民族地区学校教育质量研究范式从教育学的角度研究了中国少数民族教育面临的困难和存在的问题。这些研究范式充分反映了30年来少数民族教育的发展变化。少数民族教育越来越受到关注,国家在不断改进少数民族教育政策,旨在更好地促进少数民族教育发展。     

对《少数民族教育法》的构想

对《少数民族教育法》的构想陈立鹏建国４０多年来，我国少数民族教育法规建设取得了巨大的成绩，同时，也暴露出诸多问题。最为明显的是，民族教育法规律设滞后于民族教育自身的发展，特别是改革开放后，随着市场经济的发展、法制建设的加强，民族教育立法已远远不能满足...     

且思且行且攀登 民族团结奔小康——许家桥回族维吾尔族乡成立30周年大腾飞

正30年前,沐浴着中国大地改革开放的春风,常德市鼎城区许家桥回族维吾尔族乡经湖南省人民政府批准正式成立,地处沅水流域善卷文化发源地的民族乡,从此开启了新的历史纪元。30年来,许家桥回维乡在各级各部门的大力支持下,在全乡各族同胞的共同奋斗下,认真贯彻执行党和国家的民族政策,乡村经济发展提速,社会事业持续发展、新农村建设稳步推进、乡镇企业蓬勃兴起、民族文化传承发展、各民族团结和睦,基础设施焕然一新,各项建设取得了令人瞩目的成绩。     

政通人和民族兴旺──北京市改革开放以来民族宗教工作展巡礼

政通人和民族兴旺──北京市改革开放以来民族宗教工作展巡礼增林我国实行改革开放政策１５年来，北京市──全国５６个民族大团结象征的首都，民族和宗教事务工作，都取得了很大成绩。近期由北京市民族事务委员会和北京市政府宗教事务处主办的《改革开放中的北京民族工作...     

春风沐浴 振翅重生——写在《中国民族》(原名《民族团结》)杂志复刊30周年之际

2008年是我国改革开放30周年。30年前,以中国共产党十一届三中全会为标志,我国进入改革开放的历史新时期。30年来,我国在经济、政治、文化等社会各个领域、各个方面都取得了辉煌的成绩和巨大的进步。今天,我们由56个民族组成的伟大的中华民族正以崭新的姿态屹立于世界民族之林。     

改革开放以来民族发展问题研究述评

改革开放以来,中国民族学界在民族发展问题的研究上取得了较高成就.本文对这30年来民族学界就少数民族和民族地区的现代化、边疆民族地区的发展、小民族社会经济发展、西部大开发与民族发展、民族地区新农村建设、民族地区全面建设小康社会等问题的研究做一回顾和评价.     

对我国少数民族教育立法几个重要问题的探讨

加强少数民族教育立法研究,全面推进少数民族教育立法理论与实践建设,对于保障和促进民族教育的改革与发展,维护少数民族平等的受教育权益,不断提升少数民族教育的品质,具有十分重要而深刻的意义。特别是在当前我国少数民族教育立法非常薄弱、少数民族教育发展严重滞后的情况下,其意义更为彰显。本文对我国少数民族教育立法的几个重要问题,包括少数民族教育立法的现状及问题,少数民族教育立法的指导思想和原则,少数民族教育立法的内容,少数民族教育法规体系等,进行了较深入的研究。     

关于青海民族地区学校体育课程改革的思考

课程改革是教育改革的核心 ,是教育持续发展的动力。本文通过分析民族地区学校体育课程发展的现状 ,提出了改革体育课程的几点建议。     

建国以来党的民族理论在青海的实践

建国以来,党的民族理论在青海的实践取得了显著成就。本文从民族区域自治政权建立,民族经济发展,民族干部培养和少数民族教育发展等方面加以论述,并针对实践过程中存在的问题提出相关对策。     

创新理念 推进自治制度运行和自治地方治理现代化

Deepening reform, promoting the rule of law, and implementing the “Five Develop￣ment ” concepts have had a deep influence on the modernization of governance in ethnic autonomous regions. Based on a review of 30 years of success￣ful experiences in implementing ethnic regional au￣tonomous law, and focusing on the concepts of“innovation, coordination, green development, openness and sharing”, we need to conduct in -depth research on the ways to:promote governance by law, realize the modernization of governance;and promote the efficient implementation of ethnic autonomous systems in the ethnic autonomous re￣gion.
The 155 ethnic autonomous areas of China cover 64% of the total area of the country. There￣fore, the governance of the country cannot be a￣chieved without modernizing the governance in the ethnic autonomous regions. Modernizing the gov￣ernance in ethnic autonomous regions is a necessa￣ry element for modernizing the governance of the nation. The modernization of the ethnic autono￣mous regions actually means the legalization of the governance in ethnic autonomous areas, which is a main part of the legalization of the ethnic affairs.
The comprehensive, deepening of reform, and promoting governance by law have been strongly promoted. We should start from reality, respect differences, and take the development concepts of“innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing” into consideration so as to promote the ef￣ficient implementation of ethnic regional autono￣mous systems through various methods. We should update our concepts, weaken specificity, solidify locality, intensify new thinking, innovate the run￣ning of ethnic autonomous systems, and promote the modernization of governance in ethnic autono￣mous regions. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the theories and practices used since the imple￣mentation of ethnic regional autonomous regula￣tions, and under the premise of intensifying “the legalization of ethnic affairs”, we should deepen the comprehensive reform of the ethnic autonomous regions, comprehensively promote the governance by law, and realize the goal of building a moder￣ately prosperous society as scheduled through im￣proving and innovating the running of ethnic re￣gional autonomous systems.
“Ethnic areas are districts with rich resources and water sources; they are ecological screen zones, cultural characteristic zones, border areas, and poor areas.” At the same time, due to histori￣cal, social and natural factors,“the natural condi￣tions of most ethnic areas are not good; their be￣ginning phase of development is low; they have many historical debts; they are located far away from the central markets and urban areas;their ur￣ban-rural gap is very obvious”, and “their gap with the eastern areas ( of China) is growing larger and larger”. The reform and the promotion of gov￣ernance by law in ethnic autonomous areas should put more emphasis on locality, ethnicity and “au￣tonomy”. Of course, we must avoid of “artificial￣ly” intensifying ethnic consciousness, and creating ethnic “differences”. Meanwhile, we should “im￣prove the capability for legal management of ethnic affairs”, “intensify the construction of laws and regulations related to ethnic work”, “legally han￣dle those issues involving ethnic factors”, “insist on resolving issues involving ethnic factors by the law, and avoid of regarding civil and criminal problems related to ethnic people as ethnic prob￣lems, or regarding common disputes in ethnic are￣as as ethnic problems. ”
We should affirm that China’s ethnic relations are harmonious, and that their economics are de￣veloping rapidly. Since the implementation of the policy of “reform and opening -up”, especially since 2005 , the economics in ethnic autonomous regions have developed dramatically; the people’s living conditions have continuously improved;bas￣ic infrastructure has significantly speeded up; and ecological protection has solidly improved. Howev￣er, the problems still prevail. For example, the poverty in ethnic areas is still serious—there are more than 25 million poor in ethnic rural areas. Therefore, the task of poverty alleviation is still very tough. In addition, the gap between urban and rural areas and between different regions is very large in ethnic autonomous regions. Finally, the rate of urbanization is very low.
In sum, during the process of modernizing so￣cial governance in ethnic autonomous regions, we must pay full attention to the five“stage character￣istics” of ethnic work in China which are the:( i) co - existence of opportunities and challenges brought by the “reform and opening -up” policy and the socialist market economy;( ii) co-exist￣ence of the state’s constant support to the ethnic ar￣eas and its low level of development; ( iii ) co -existence of the state’s constant support to the eth￣nic areas and the weak level of basic public service capability in ethnic areas; ( iv ) co -existence of the constant exchange and fusion between various ethnic groups and the disputes involving ethnic fac￣tors;and ( v) co-existence of the great achieve￣ments in anti-national splittism, religious extrem￣ity, and violent terrorism, as well as the active ter￣rorism activities in some areas. Only when we rec￣ognize this situation, can we understand the speci￣ficity of doing ethnic work in China. The innova￣tion of governance of ethnic autonomous areas and the promotion of governance by law in the whole country must start from this actual situation.
At present, we still need to clarify the conno￣tations of autonomous rights. Based on a clear clar￣ification of the basic meaning of ethnic regional au￣tonomous rights, we should deepen reform, active￣ly transform the governance of the ethnic autono￣mous regions, further deepen relevant theoretical studies, and positively promote the ethnic regional autonomous system. The main purpose of the eth￣nic regional autonomous areas is to promote the de￣velopment of the various affairs of ethnic minorities and ethnic regional autonomous areas. The purpose for improving the ethnic regional autonomous sys￣tem is to ensure the development of ethnic minori￣ties and ethnic regional autonomous regions. Im￣proving the ethnic regional autonomous system should transform from one of preferential treatment to one of nuanced development.
Looking back to the past, the legal construc￣tion of ethnic regional autonomy has made great a￣chievements. However, the preferential policies of the state and relevant institutes are still the real factors promoting the development of the various af￣fairs of the ethnic minorities and ethnic autonomous areas. As described in this article, there are multi￣ple factors which influence the efficiency and per￣formance of the ethnic regional autonomy. The eth￣nic autonomous regions are restricted by natural conditions and economic development, therefore, they have to depend on assistance from the state and the relevant institutes—this is the objective re￣ality. However, the improvement of the ethnic re￣gional autonomous system must change the status of the past, and enable the ethnic regional autono￣mous system play out its actual role so that the va￣rious affairs of ethnic minorities and ethnic autono￣mous regions can step onto a road of nuanced de￣velopment.
The future development of the ethnic regional autonomous system depends on the consensus of theoretical and practical circles, i. e. a long-term mechanism whose purpose is to enable the system itself play its actual role should be established. Only by such a mechanism, can these puzzling problems be solved and gradually improved. Tak￣ing the breakthrough of the actual effect of the sys￣tem as the starting point of the ethnic regional autonomy’s deepening of the reform, one should take the following aspects into consideration:1 ) re-examine existing laws and regulations, and im￣prove them on the basis of institutional norms, en￣hance normalization, uniformity and manipulability of the ethnic regional autonomous regulations; 2 ) sort out the relationship between the institutions in ethnic autonomous areas and the upper levels of the state institutes, as well as the relationship be￣tween the institutions on the same level;on the va￣rious institutional levels, enhance clear cognition on the position, role and organizing principles of the ethnic regional autonomous system, and avoid taking the ethnic regional autonomous system as the affairs of the ethnic autonomous areas;3 ) im￣prove the supervisory mechanisms for running the ethnic regional autonomous system; and 4 ) im￣prove the mechanisms for handling disputes on the running of the ethnic regional autonomous system.
We must work closely, share the achieve￣ments, and promote the operation of the ethnic re￣gional autonomous system. For this purpose, we should:1 ) standardize the management of the eth￣nic regional autonomous system, and weaken the“specificity”;2 ) promote the governance capabili￣ty of the ethnic regional autonomous areas, and so￣lidify the concept of“locality”;3 ) enhance auton￣omous awareness and capability, intensify “new thinking”, motivate initiatives from the autonomous areas, and improve the autonomous system from the bottom-up, and rationally allocate the power and rights of the high-level organs and the auton￣omous organs in the ethnic autonomous areas.     

西部少数民族地区课程改革探微

经过素质教育课程改革的实验,总结经验,并针对改革中存在的问题,探讨西部少数民族地区实施课程改革时如何解决这些问题。     

双语教育:清末川边藏区兴学之关键——兼谈清末川边藏区双语教育的基本模式

20世纪初,清政府在川边藏区进行了以改土归流为核心的全面改革,内容包括政治、经济、文化、教育等方面。其中,教育改革的首要任务是解决语言问题,因此,藏汉双语教育成了改革的重要内容。当时双语教育的主要模式有:师资培养模式和普及教育模式。事实表明,两种模式是川边兴学的关键,对目前藏区的双语教育具有启发与借鉴作用。     

中国共产党第三代领导集体民族理论是马克思主义民族理论在中国发展的新阶段--中国共产党第三代领导集体民族理论研究之十四

中国共产党第三代领导集体的民族理论,继承和发展了马克思主义民族理论,是马克思主义民族理论在中国发展的新阶段.本文主要论述了关于少数民族地区经济发展和改革开放的理论、关于培养少数民族干部和民族工作理论、关于少数民族地区社会事业发展理论等方面的继承和发展.     

关于现阶段处理少数民族宗教问题的分析与思考

我国少数民族大部分信仰宗教。少数民族宗教问题往往与少数民族地区的改革、发展、稳定紧密相联 ,是一个关乎全局的大问题。新中国成立以来 ,少数民族宗教工作经历了 4个发展阶段 ,积累了丰富的经验。新世纪新阶段进一步处理好少数民族宗教问题 ,要做到 :加强党的民族、宗教政策的宣传教育工作 ;依法管理宗教活动场所 ;加快培养爱国爱教的新代表人物 ;正确对待和处理少数民族宗教之间、教派之间、教派内部的一些问题 ;提高对民族分裂主义的认识 ,有效抵御境外敌对势力利用宗教对我国的渗透 ;加强和改善党的领导     

论中国少数民族传统文化现状及其走向

本文对我国少数民族传统文化的现状和发展趋向作了宏观分析。文章认为 ,改革开放以来现代化的强烈冲击以及国家和社会对少数民族传统文化着力弘扬的双重作用 ,使当前少数民族传统文化呈现出复兴、衰退和变异并存的状况 ;而随着现代化进程的推进 ,尤其是西部大开发的实施和中国加入WTO的完成 ,这种状况将持续存在并加剧或扩展。为此 ,文章提出了正确对待衰退、引导健康变异和促进全面繁荣等应对建议