当前计生工作要应对“四大考验”

《人口与计划生育法》、《计划生育技术服务条例》（以下分别简称《法》和《条例》）的颁布实施,确立了人口与计划生育工作在经济、社会协调发展和可持续发展中的法律地位,规范了计划生育行政主体的行政行为和公民实行计划生育的权利与义务,标志着计划生育基本国策从此有“国法”来保驾护航,这     

生育的外部性与生育权利的部分渡让

在第九届全国人大第二十五次会议上通过的《人口与计划生育法》,标志着我国人口与计划生育工作进入了一个新的时代。这部法律的核心内容之一是强调生育权利与计划生育义务的统     

正确认识公民权利义务相统一行政机关权力责任相一致的原则

《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》颁布、实施后,各地迅速掀起了学习、培训的高潮。如何全面准确把握法律的基本精神,是学习好、贯彻好这部法律的重要前提。笔者认为,正确认识和坚持公民实行计划生育权利与义务相统一、行政机关行使行政权力与承担责任相一致的原则,是人口与计划生育法的重要核心内容。     

《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》有关名词解释(一)

１．［《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》］《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》是我国第一部以人口与计划生育工作为主要内容的基本法律。它于２００１年１２月２９日经九届全国人大常委会第２５次会议审议通过，并于２００２年９月１日起正式实施。这部法律的颁布实施，是我国人口与计划生育事业发展史上一个重要的里程碑，它第一次用法律的形式确立了计划生育基本国策的法律地位，为实现人口与经济社会协调发展和可持续发展战略，综合治理人口问题提供了法律保证，对于维护公民实行计划生育的合法权益，提高计划生育依法行政水平，保障…     

稳定低生育水平的法律保障──学习《人口与计划生育法》的初步体会

《人口与计划生育法》的特点：从中国实际情况出发，平稳升华和连续性，共性与个性相统一，国家集权与地方分权相统一，生育主体权利与义务相统一，规范计生机关及其工作人员行为。《人口与计划生育法》的作用：有利于人们的共识形成，人们生育行为的趋同，依法行政水平的提高，调动和发挥相关部门的积极性，打击干扰或破坏计生事业的非法行为，使计生已有的成功经验和作法发挥更大的作用。     

贯彻实施《人口与计划生育法》做好人口与计划生育工作

《人口与计划生育法》的颁布实施，是人口与计划生育工作领域的一件大事，是我国人口与计划生育发展史上的一个重要里程碑，是做好新时期人口与计划生育工作最根本的保障和最有力的推动。 一、充分认识《人口与计划生育法》颁布实施的重大意义 《人口与计划生育法》是人口与计划生育领域的一部基本法律，它首次以国家法律的形式确立了计划生育基本国策的地位，标志着计划生育国策有了国法，在计划生育全国性基本法律制度建设方面取得了零的突破，具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。 首先，《人口与计划生育法》体现了“三个代表” 的重要…     

人口与计划生育工作依法管理要求亟待完善相关立法

我国人口与计划生育工作领域第一部基本法律———《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》(以下简称《人口与计划生育法》)于 2 0 0 2年 9月 1日起施行。为了更好地贯彻实施《人口与计划生育法》 ,国务院先后颁布了《流动人口计划生育工作管理办法》、《计划生育技术服务管理条例》、《社会抚养费征收管理办法》等三部行政法规 ,与《人口与计划生育法》配套施行。这“一法三规”是现阶段我国开展人口与计划生育工作的基本法律法规依据 ,它标志着我国人口与计划生育工作法制体系的框架基本建立。此外 ,国家计生委、大部分省 (区、市 )和较大的市…     

姜春云同志在地方人口与计划生育立法工作座谈会上的讲话

《人口与计划生育法》的出台是我国人口与计划生育发展史上的一件大事，也是我国民主法制建设的一件大事。在中央人口资源环境工作座谈会上，江泽民总书记和朱镕基总理就人口与计划生育工作及其法制建设作了重要讲话，我们要认真贯彻落实。当前要大力宣传《人口与计划生育法》，抓紧人口与计划生育法规的修订或制定工作，为这部重要法律的实施做好准备工作。 一、充分认识颁布实施《人口与计划生育法》的重大意义 人口多、资源相对短缺是我国最基本、最重要的国情，是制约国民经济和社会发展、实现可持续发展的关键因素。党中央三代领导集体…     

浅析《人口与计划生育法》的依法行政原则

人口与计划生育领域孕育了20多年的第一部基本法律《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》(以下简称《人口与计划生育法》)已于2002年9月1日起施行。这是我国人口与计划生育事业发展史上一个重要的里程碑。因为它不仅首次以国家法律的形式确立了计划生育基本国策的法律地位,明确提出国家稳定现行生育政策,体现了以人为本、以人的全面发展为中心的理念,而且它在总则中就明确作出了计划生     

我国人口法的特征

人口法是调整人口关系,组织管理人口、规范人口行为的法律规范的总称,是国家指导、干预、管理人口运行的重要工具。由于人口过程及其关系所具有的特定性和广延性特征,人口法通常有广义和狭义的理解。狭义的人口法是以直接的人口过程和人口关系为调整对象的法律法规构成的体系,主要就是生育法或计划生育法。广义的人口法是指以人口运行的全部过程和全部人口关系为调整对象的法律法规构成的体系,既包括人口法,也包括生育法或计划生育法。本文论     

人口和计划生育科技人员的信息素质及其培养

信息素质是科技工作者获取科技信息、拓展知识范围、提高自身素质和科研技术服务能力的内在要求。信息素质指信息意识和信息能力,在人口和计划生育科技人员中要开展有效的信息素质教育。     

Reliability and Validity of Japanese Versions of the Flourishing Scale and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience

The demographic aging of the older population itself has turned out as an issue of great scope, accumulating a large amount of research in recent years. In this context, the prediction or explanation is of much interest. However, little research has studied this prediction when some factors, such as age, gender, and perceived health are controlled, and also few studies have compared these effects in young old and oldest old populations. Thus, the purpose of this study is to test, in a multivariate context, the predictive effects of variables measuring social support, dependence/active perceptions, and generativity on satisfaction with life, while controlling for age, marital status, educational level, gender, and perceived health; examining young old and oldest old similitudes and differences in a little studied population, the Angolan elderly. The sample was formed by 1,003 participants, 737 were young old and 266 were oldest old. To test for the effects, a hierarchical regression was built up, in which age and predictor’s interactions were included. Results provide support for some differences in the pattern of relationships hold by young old and oldest old, with social support emerging as the major predictor of life satisfaction during the old age.     

Induction of labour: Experiences of care and decision-making of women and clinicians

BackgroundThere has been a rise in induction of labour over recent decades. There is some tension in the literature in relation to when induction is warranted and when not, with variability between guidelines and practice. Given these tensions, the importance of shared decision-making between clinicians and women is increasingly highlighted as paramount, but it remains unclear to what extent this occurs in routine care.MethodUsing a scoping review methodology, quantitative and qualitative evidence were considered to answer the research question “What are the views, preferences and experiences of women and clinicians in relation to induction of labour more broadly, and practices of decision-making specifically?” To identify studies, the databases PubMed, Maternity and Infant Care, CINAHL and EMBASE were searched from 2008 to 2018, and reference lists of included studies were examined.Findings20 papers met inclusion criteria, in relation to (a) women’s preferences, experiences and satisfaction with IOL; (b) women’s experience of shared-decision making in relation to induction; (c) interventions that improve shared decision-making and (d) factors that influence decision-making from the perspective of clinicians. Synthesis of the included studies indicates that decision-making in relation to induction of labour is largely informed by medical considerations. Women are not routinely engaged in the decision making process with expectations and preferences largely unmet.ConclusionThere is a need to develop strategies such as decision aids, the redesign of antenatal classes, and clinician communication training to improve the quality of information available to women and their capacity for informed decision-making.     

人口计生宣传教育为“先导”的重心和支点

宣传教育为先导的战略决策,是国家人口计生委党组书记、主任李斌同志2007年年底在河南召开全国农村人口文化建设工作现场会和在宁波市召开全国婚育新风进万家活动经验交流会上提出的重大战略思想。宣传教育为先导战略决策的提出,是在科学发展观指引下尊重思想政治工作、精神文明建设和人口计生工作客观规律,总结正反两方面工作经验教训的必然产物,是今后做好人口计生工作的元点工程。本文主要论述了为什么要先导,先什么、导什么,如何先导三个重大问题。     

统筹城乡的动态人口预测与分析

对未来城乡人口进行科学详细的预测,是统筹城乡发展的基本依据。文章以浙江省为例,简要介绍了以人口普查资料和抽样调查资料为基本依据,考虑城市化进程和城乡、省际人口机械变动参数动态变化的城乡人口预测的方法。并以浙江省为例,说明如何充分利用这些人口预测结果,为统筹城乡发展提供决策依据。     

Employment and earnings of foreign-born scientists and engineers

Population Research and Policy Review -     

农村劳动力流动的特征、规律与农民增收

农村劳动力流动具有地域特征、就业手段特征、流动性质特征。农村劳动力流动体现着三大规律,即动力规律、流动规模有限规律、推拉“双反”规律。这些特征和规律直接影响着农民收入的增加。推动农村劳动力流动、实现农民增收的途径:一是拓宽农业发展思路;二是加快乡镇企业发展;三是提高城镇化水平;四是鼓励农村外流劳动力回流创业。     

Validity and the Consequences of Test Interpretation and Use

The vast majority of measures have, at their core, a purpose of personal and social change. If test developers and users want measures to have personal and social consequences and impact, then it is critical to consider the consequences and side effects of measurement in the validation process itself. The consequential basis of test interpretation and use, as introduced in Messick’s (Educational measurement, Macmillan, New York, pp. 13–103, 1989) progressive matrix model of unified validity theory, has been misunderstood by many measurement experts, test developers, researchers, and practitioners. The purposes of this paper were to (a) review Messick’s unified view of validity and clarify his consequential basis of test interpretation and use, (b) discuss the kinds of questions evoked by value implications and social consequences and their role in construct validity and score meaning, (c) present a reframing of Messick’s model and a new model of unified validity and validation, (d) bring the concept of multilevel measures under the same validation umbrella as individual differences measures, and (e) offer some thoughts and directions for more explicit consideration of value implications, intended social consequences, and unintended side effects of legitimate test interpretation and use. This paper has implications for the interpretation, use, and validation of both individual differences and multilevel measures in education, psychology, and health contexts.