基于Copula房地产与金融行业的股票相关性研究

房地产市场和金融市场的关系多数文献从相互影响的角度研究,而本文以房地产与金融行业的股票收益率数据,引入Copula方法定量刻画两个行业股票之间的相关关系.实证结果表明,双参数结构的Copula拟合度普遍高于单参数结构的Copula;如果仅考虑单参数或双参数Copula函数结构,可能会得出错误的结论.本文同时选取单参数和双参数的Copula拟合房地产与金融行业的股票收益率之间相关性结构,通过AIC、BIC最小原则应为BB3 Copula,说明两个行业股票在市场低迷时期的尾部相关性高于活跃时期的尾部相关性.因此,在投资股票时,不能通过对这两个行业股票的组合投资降低风险.     

房地产持续调控对银行业的影响

随着我国部分城市房地产业的持续升温,央行已出台并发布多项政策进行调控。但部分城市的房价依然飞速上涨。本文从分析房地产开发资金来源入手,对巨额银行贷款进入房地产业的原因进行了深入分析,检验了银行贷款与房价之间的相关关系,并总结了房地产持续调控对银行业的影响。     

基于非参数时变Copula模型的美国次贷危机传染分析

金融危机传染分析是国际金融领域中的重要课题,本文对Copula变点检测方法进行推广,采用时变非参数阿基米德Copula模型检验金融危机传染的存在性及其变化趋势,以时变尾部相依系数的大小来度量危机传染程度,并结合系数的变化趋势和时间段对金融危机传染效应进行分析.最后选择全球六个主要股票市场指数和S&P500指数进行危机传染实证研究,得出次贷危机对不同国家或地区的传染效应有所差别.     

宏观调控政策对房地产行业的影响

随着房地产投资的急剧增温和房价的持续攀升,高房价成了老百姓诟病的话题。特别是国家接二连三出台的限购政策、利率的上调和存款准备金率的上调,都透露出国家对于打压房价不合理上涨的坚定决心。在此形势之下,有必要用宏观经济调控来控制房地产业的泡沫成分。笔者通过金融政策对房地产业影响分析、政府调控政策对房地产业的影响及房地产企业应对对策几方面来论述了宏观调控政策对房地产行业的影响。     

我国房地产宏观调控的重点所在和市场走向

2006年是我国房地产宏观调控政策政策出台最多和调控力度最大的一年,文章就调控后的房地产业的政策环境、市场情况、价格走势和消费心态等进行了深入的研究并对我国2007房地产走势进行了相关分析,可供房地产管理和市场人士参考和借鉴。     

商业银行房地产信贷风险的应对策略

从“国十一条”至“国十条”,再到“9·29新政”及后期出台的限贷、限购措施,在如此趋紧的房地产行业调控政策下,作为信贷源的商业银行面临着复杂的政策形势.本文分析了趋紧房地产政策背景下商业银行面临的信贷风险,并在此基础上提出了相应的应对措施.     

政府调控房价的国际经验与启示

关于政府如何调控房价才合理的争论多年来一直没有停止过。2003年我国实行房地产宏观调控后,就有观点认为,是政府“收紧银根、收紧地根”抑制了住房供给,是土地“招拍挂”改革导致了地价快速上涨,并推动房价持续上涨。2008年11月,为应对国际金融危机的挑战,中央出台了一系列稳定和促进房地产业健康发展的政策,全国房地产市场此后不久普遍出现了交易价格止跌、成交量放大的“小阳春”局面。于是又有观点认为,当初的宏观调控就不该搞,至少是过于严厉了。近一个时期,一些大中城市出现了开发商价格合谋、雇人营造虚假热销等操纵市场的现象,于是有人又对新政策提出质疑,担心随着银行信贷的放松,用不了几年,房地产市场会重新出现过热的局面。     

中国股票市场的时变杠杆效应研究——基于随机Copula模型的实证分析

构建随机Copula模型研究了中国股票市场在极端市场条件下的时变杠杆效应.为了解决金融市场中波动率不可直接观测的问题,采用已实现波动率测度作为隐波动率的代理变量,进而运用基于有效重要性抽样的极大似然(EIS-ML)方法估计了随机Copula模型的参数.基于沪深股市数据的实证研究表明:中国股票市场的杠杆效应具有非对称特征,即股市低收益率伴随高波动率,但股市高收益率不一定伴随低波动率;中国股票市场的杠杆效应存在显著的时变性,沪深股市杠杆效应表现出类似的变化趋势;随机Copula模型相比其它Copula模型(静态Copula模型和时变Copula模型)具有更好的数据拟合效果.     

融资融券制度对尾部系统风险的非对称影响——基于A股市场极值相关性的研究

融资融券交易制度的推出能否有效降低个股随市场暴涨暴跌的概率是广泛关注的问题.文章利用Patton提出的SJC Copula函数, 估计了个股与大市尾部相关性, 并使用双重差分法分析了融资融券交易制度推出的政策处置效应, 发现融资融券制度降低了标的个股左尾 (下跌) 极值相关性, 但加剧了右尾 (上涨) 极值相关性.进一步分析表明, 上述结果来源于融资融券交易对极值相关性的非对称影响.具体而言, 融资交易对左尾极值相关性影响不显著, 但加剧了右尾极值相关性, 融券交易则同时显著降低了左尾和右尾极值相关性.由于融券交易规模远小于融资交易, 融资融券交易对左尾极值相关性的总体影响为负, 对右尾总体影响为正.研究结论认为, 融资交易追涨模式导致个股跟随大盘暴涨, 而融券交易将悲观交易者信息纳入股价, 有利于抑制股价过度上涨, 而逆向平仓也适当降低了个股暴跌概率.因此, 监管者应灵活控制融资交易杠杆, 完善融券交易机制以发挥其股价稳定器功能.     

基于混合Clayton Copula模型的原油价格与油轮市场的风险传染效应研究北大核心

原油价格波动与油轮市场紧密相关,新冠疫情发生以来,国际原油价格和油轮运价波动剧烈,投资风险加剧.因此,研究疫情对原油价格与油轮市场的影响是疫情环境下控制风险、优化投资策略的重要方式之一.本文通过偏t分布ARMA-GARCH-混合Clayton Copula模型分析新冠疫情发生前后原油价格和油轮整体市场及其细分市场的依赖关系变化及尾部风险变化.首先,通过偏t分布ARMA-GARCH模型来捕获原油价格和油轮整体市场及其细分市场各自收益序列的波动性特征;其次,应用混合Clayton Copula模型来描述收益序列间的非线性依赖关系,并运用尾部风险系数揭示新冠疫情发生前后原油价格对油轮市场的风险传染情况.研究表明,各样本期间原油价格对油轮市场的负相关性均强于正相关性,疫情发生后,原油价格对油轮市场的正相关性降低,负相关性增强,其中,WTI原油期货对VLCC型油轮运价的负相关性增幅最大.此外,各样本期间原油价格对油轮整体市场及其细分市场间均存在风险传染效应,且同向风险远远小于反向风险.新冠疫情发生后原油价格对油轮市场的同向风险降低,反向风险传染大大加剧,其中,下上尾风险增加程度小于上下尾风险.投资者及其利益相关者在进行油轮相关业务时应关注国际原油价格有利消息的发生,以期最大限度降低损失,同时关注原油价格不利消息的发生,以期获得最大收益.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

Defining Spirituality of Work

There is a current surge of writings on spirituality and related topics. For instance, Woodward (1997) has pointed out that since Thomas Moore's publication of Care of the Soul in 1994 there have been nearly 800books published with the word soul in the title. These run all the way from Chicken Soup for theWoman's Soul (Canfield et al., 1996) to A Guide to Liberating YourSoul (Barrett, 1995). Spirituality of work is a big part of this surge. Definitionsof spirituality of work seem to vary widely. Bowman (1998, p. 8) in his `reviewof the phenomenon of spirituality of work' found `Definitions of the term spirituality in the context of the Spirituality of Work troublesome and particularly subjective. Many writers do not even attempt definitions.' The purpose of this article is to review the concept of spirituality of work in its historical and current use and to propose a comprehensive definition.     

A new lease for life? The return of vitalism in management and organization studies

This paper starts from a growing interest in the concept of concern, lived experience or “inhabiting” as part of the so-called “affective turn”. My main argument is that the notion of concern cannot be thought or understood without the concept of life. The concept of life, however, is somewhat of a taboo topic in the social sciences. I hold, nevertheless, that in order to reflect on their assumptions and to define concern for their own studies, scholars need to think about life and make a choice regarding the various approaches that can be taken. I therefore present and compare four vitalist approaches: romanticism and Lebensphilosophie, vitalism as ethos and pathos, neuroecosociality as well as vitalism as becoming.     

Consequences of work-family conflict on employee well-being over time

The effects of work-family conflict on the well-being of a diverse sample of 342 non-professional employees from the greater Los Angeles area were examined. Data were collected at two points in time, and a rigorous research design was employed. The effects of self-report bias were considered by controlling for social desirability bias, and by collecting two sources of data (i.e. self-reports and co-workers reports). The results revealed that work-family conflict predicted employee well-being over and above social desirability bias. In addition, analyses were consistent when both self-reports and co-workers reports were utilized. Finally, work-family conflict was a longitudinal predictor of employee's positive well-being. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were consistent across self-reports and co-worker reports.     

Policy Goals for Health and Safety

Health management and safety regulation are separate disciplines but share the aim to extend expectancy of life in good health. The need to improve cost-effectiveness calls for their co-ordinated management according to a unified rationale. Three guiding principles of accountability, demonstrable net benefit and a uniform measure of performance, have been laid out in Canada by the Joint Committee on Health and Safety. They call for open accounting in terms of (health-related quality-adjusted) life expectancy. The principles are utilitarian in format but, it is argued, inequity is naturally diminished in the process of optimizing cost-effectiveness through maximum marginal returns. Comments are made on practical implementation. The need for public consent in practice calls for two additional principles reflecting fair procedure and sovereignty of the citizens. It is concluded that public health and safety measures should be surveyed, documented for cost-effectiveness and prioritized for improvement.