论流浪儿童的被害与预防

家庭破裂、教育不当、经济贫困等多种因素导致儿童流浪现象的产生。这些流浪儿童离开监护人，流落街头，他们的生存权、发展权等基本生活权利难以得到有效保障，成为特殊的社会弱势群体。深入了解流浪儿童的生存状况、犯罪状况和被害状况，进而有效地救助、保护流浪儿童，是一项关系国计民生的重要事业。本文对我国城市流浪儿童现状进行了简要分析，概括了流浪儿童被害的几种主要类型．提出预防流浪儿童被害的防治对策。     

家庭参与流浪儿童救助保护的可行性与模式建构

家庭问题是儿童外出流浪的主要原因之一,只有家庭问题得到了缓解,流浪儿童才能真正实现回归家庭和社会。因此,流浪儿童救助保护需要家庭的参与。本文在结合前人研究和我国流浪儿童救助保护现状的基础上,分析了家庭参与流浪儿童救助保护的必要性和可行性,并建构了"家庭参与流浪儿童救助保护体系",将儿童心理行为问题解决和家庭问题解决相结合,为我国流浪儿童救助保护工作提供可资参考的新思路。     

流浪未成年人的心理健康问题与救助策略——以江苏省泰州市流浪未成年人救助保护中心为例

根据国家有关法律的规定和联合国《儿童权利公约》,在我国,流浪未成年人是指年龄在18岁以下,脱离家庭和离开监护人流落社会连续超过24小时,失去基本生存和可靠保障而陷入困境的少年和儿童.民政部2006年出台的《流浪未成年人救助保护机构基本规范》中对流浪未成年人救助增加了心理辅导和行为矫治方面的内容,规定救助部门应定期对受助未成年人进行心理健康状况评估,建立心理健康档案;对存在心理和行为问题的受助未成年人,应进行有针对性的心理辅导和行为矫治.     

从排斥到背离——城市流浪儿童产生的家庭因素及其对养成教育的启示

流浪儿童形成的原因十分复杂,往往是多种不良因素交织作用的结果.但无论主观上、客观上是什么原因,都与家庭问题有着千丝万缕的联系,都可以从家庭环境不良、监护职责缺失、教育不当等家庭问题中找到原因.本文认为,正是家庭排斥在不同方面的多重作用,使儿童符合社会规范的行为习惯的养成过程发生阻滞或扭曲,进而背离家庭.家庭排斥是流浪儿童背离家庭的根本原因,体现在物质环境、人际关系、父母教育行为等不同层面.分析儿童流浪这一社会问题,对家庭养成教育的启示是:尊重和保护儿童权利是家庭养成教育的起点和归宿,优化家庭环境是家庭养成教育的基础条件,监护人教育与监督是家庭养成教育的必要保障.     

流浪儿童救助保护中的“全人教育”模式研究——基于广东省少年儿童救助保护中心的调研

流浪儿童"全人教育"指的是根据流浪儿童的生理需求、心理特征、过往经验、性格特点、学习动机等主客观因素,来制定具有针对性的教学计划与教学活动的教育模式,旨在培养流浪儿童自尊自爱的意识,提升其家庭与社会责任感,增强其文化和生活技能,锻炼其回归社会的能力,以将流浪儿童培养成为一个具有独立人格的"全人"(合格公民)为目标。     

流浪儿童回家的路有多远

流浪儿童是指16岁以下、离开家人或监护人、在外游荡超过24小时且无可靠生存保障的人。据统计,目前我国约有15万人次的流浪儿童,再加上随父母外出打工的街童,实际人数可能远远超过30万。流浪儿童问题的出现,是包括家庭排斥、社区排斥、教育排斥、住房排斥和就业排斥等在内的全方位社会排斥的结果。     

焦点解决短期治疗于救助站的应用

目前,各地流浪儿童救助站主要为脱离监护人有效监护,在街头依靠乞讨、捡拾等方式维持生活的流浪儿童提供临时性的社会救助,终极目标是帮助儿童及时回归家庭。流浪儿童在站内滞留的时间长短不一,具有较大的流动性,不具备持续接触和服务的条件。社工要在有限的时间内为其提供合适的服务,简短有效的介入就显得非常重要。     

流浪儿童救助保护体系的模式探索

构建规范、有效的流浪儿童救助保护体系，必须将之置于国家——社会关系背景下考量，并对体制内的机构救助者和民间主体之间职能的分工、关系的协调予以兼顾。有鉴于此，本文提出流浪儿童救助保护体系构建的五个原则，在此基础上建构一个国家、社会与流浪儿童的家庭三者共同担负流浪儿童救助保护与回归社会责任的理论模型，以期有效整合国家与社会的资源，引导流浪儿童顺利回归正常社会生活。     

流浪儿童群体及其利益表达机制的特点

改革开放以来,由于经济、政治和社会等多种因素的影响,我国的流浪儿童问题日益突出.本文在对流浪儿童问题以及利益表达机制进行综述的基础上,论述了流浪儿童群体及其利益表达机制的特点,以期在此基础上更好地解决这一社会问题.     

儿童福利政策的国际比较与借鉴

儿童福利是社会保障制度中最基本和最核心的部分,西方工业化国家大多有儿童资助的传统,许多国家都建立了儿童福利制度,儿童福利已成为工业化国家社会保障体系中的重要组成部分。对儿童的资助不仅体现了一种社会正义原则,而且也强化了家庭责任感和社会责任感。本文分析概括了西方国家儿童福利模式的发展情况。列举若干国家对于儿童福利模式的做法,根据中国儿童福利的优势和不足,借鉴他国成功经验．提出推动儿童福利立法建设、建立专门的儿童行政管理机构、建设职业化的儿童福利工作人员队伍、普及儿童大病救助和对残障儿童的福利津贴制度、对福利机构和救助机构多元治理、倡导政府儿童福利理念由儿童生存向儿童发展转变等有针对性的建议。     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹,城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市,2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望,然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意,没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义,每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题,把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

学龄儿童健康行为研究方法述评

学龄儿童健康行为研究越来越得到重视,在未来周期性的研究中也面临着在快速发展的背景下保持较高质量、在有限的财政资源情况下持续提高、使趋势分析与修改问卷内容相适应、满足科学受众和政策受众的不同要求等挑战,因此,完善其研究方法成为当前迫切需要。     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

The impact of generation and country of origin on the mental health of children of immigrants

The authors reexamine the study of generational differences in adjustment among the children of immigrants by arguing that the country of origin defines and shapes the adaptation process across generations. Using a sample of children in Toronto, the authors demonstrate that generational differences in the mental health of children occur only in families from countries of origin at the lowest levels of economic development. Among those at the lowest levels of economic development, a mental health advantage in the first generation evolves to a disadvantage in the 2.5 generation relative to third or later generational children. Children from backgrounds characterized by higher economic development show no initial or eventual differences from the native born. Using data from the Toronto Study of Intact Families, the authors are able to explain differences among children from low economic development backgrounds specifically in terms of increasing family conflict and decreasing school involvement across generations.     

Structuring of manual of orientations and technical information for laundries of industries of animal products origin

This study looked for to lift information regarding laundries inserted in industries of animal products origin, to understand the activities developed in the section and to structure a Manual of Planning and Technical Information for laundries to industries of animal products origin, with the intention of subsidizing the planning, structuring and control of this work place, because norms or regulations that supervise don't exist or aid their managers and workers as for the operation of this work place.