一个股价波动理论研究的新见解:基于异质情绪交易视角

传统金融理论中理性人假设并不能有效解释我国股票市场现象。国内学者基于行为金融理论,考虑投资者行为对股票市场的影响,但理论分析不足且鲜有聚焦于异质交易者情绪交易行为。因此本文从投资者情绪异质视角,把股票市场投资者划分为乐观交易者与悲观交易者,建立数学模型从理论上推导乐观情绪投资者、悲观情绪投资者与异质交易者结构对股票波动的交互影响机理。研究结果表明:乐观交易者占比较小的情况下,随着悲观情绪的缓和,乐观情绪对股价波动的效应是倒U形曲线;而随着乐观情绪的高涨,悲观情绪的缓和对股价波动同样呈倒U形。当乐观交易者占比很高时,乐观交易者情绪高涨与悲观情绪缓和均会助推股价波动。从异质交易者结构来看,乐观交易者占比对股价波动影响效应为正U形曲线,而更高水平的乐观情绪与更低水平的悲观情绪会提前其效应的反转。本文的研究结果较好地解释了牛熊市、虚假信息披露与宏观调控政策低效等事实的存在逻辑,为优化交易者结构,改善信息披露质量,进而防范股票市场系统性风险提供了理论依据。     

基于市场参与者行为假设的股票市场量价关系研究

基于市场参与者非理性行为假设,从供给需求分析出发,研究股票市场的量价关系.首先假设市场参与者具有"急于实现盈利"同时"不愿结算浮亏"的行为特征,通过供求分析,给出股票市场中的需求曲线与供给曲线,然后设定初始均衡,采用经济学中的比较静态分析方法,研究新信息到来时对初始均衡的影响,进而分析新信息的到来对成交量和价格的影响.结果发现,成交量和成交价格的变动正相关,成交量和成交价格变动的绝对值正相关.最后使用计量经济学方法,基于中国A股市场的个股日度数据进行了实证检验,实证结果支持了上述结论.     

投资者行为如何影响股票市场流动性?——基于投资者情绪、信息认知和卖空约束的分析

投资者交易行为是形成股票市场流动性的前提和基础,市场投资者情绪变化引起投资者产生有偏差的信息认知,通过卖空约束的市场行为选择影响市场流动性.论文首先通过理论推导得出影响市场流动性的三个命题,然后结合我国股票市场发展现状做出相应理论判断并对其进行实证检验.结果发现,在我国股票市场中,投资者情绪对市场流动性的影响是正向的,投资者情绪越高,市场流动性越强;我国股票市场中参与交易的投资者在面临新的消息面时更多的呈现出认知不足的特征.该特征的投资者随着认知程度的增加反而会降低市场流动性;与理论判断相反,我国股票市场中开展的融资融券业务进一步促进了投资者情绪对市场流动性的影响.最后就如何构建我国有效流动性的股票市场提出了四点政策建议.     

基于分位数Granger因果的网络情绪与股市收益关系研究

 行为金融学理论认为，股票市场的价格变动除受宏观基本因素影响外，还在很大程度上受众多个体投资者或噪音交易者行为左右。中国股票市场拥有庞大的个人投资者群体，且股民群体与网民群体之间具有高度耦合性，使用网络情绪等信息能够探索中国股市收益变动基本规律。        为揭示个体投资者行为对股市收益的影响，以个体投资者情绪为视角，以网络环境中个体投资者的情绪信息为切入点，检验投资者情绪与股市收益的关联关系，评估网络情绪信息价值。使用中文文本情感分析方法，从新浪微博文本中提取出网络情绪时间序列；分别运用均值Granger因果和分位数Granger因果检验方法，探讨网络情绪波动与股市收益之间是否存在因果关系；将股票市场发展阶段进行细致划分，研究不同市场阶段下网络情绪波动与股市收益之间的因果关系。        对沪深300指数收益进行实证研究，结果表明，尽管在均值框架下网络情绪波动与股市收益之间因果关系并不明显，但基于分位数Granger因果分析却发现两者在极端分位点区间处存在广泛且显著的因果关系。数据显示，在40个因果关系检验中，分位数Granger因果检验的因果关系发现了23个显著的因果关系，发现率为57.5%，远高于均值Granger因果检验的7.5%。此外，股市收益受到网络情绪波动影响的程度和方式在不同市场阶段下有所不同。        研究结果具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。在一些特定分位点区间网络情绪波动对股市收益存在显著因果关系影响，这为在特定条件下股市收益的可预测性提供了佐证。网络情绪能够预测股市收益的尾部(上尾或下尾)行为特征，可以为金融风险防范提供决策参考。研究结果为股票市场的定价、收益预测和波动率估计等相关研究提供了新的研究思路，也为网络情绪信息使用提供了新的方向。     

股票市场短期时间序列投机对经理投资行为的影响

公司投资行为受股票市场投机影响,投机性时间序列的实质是影响信息收集行为,股市短期时间序列投机者选择接收关于外生震荡不确定性的私人信息,博弈经理投资决策并对经理投资行为产生影响。本文基于信息结构研究股票市场短期时间序列投机对经理投资行为的影响,分析股票市场博弈均衡和经理有效均衡行为,阐明经理低效率投资决策行为的实质。     

计算实验金融、技术规则与时间序列收益可预测性

从受到广泛关注的简单技术规则视角,运用新兴的计算实验金融方法研究股票市场收益的时间序列可预测性,证明投资者非理性心理和行为是造成时间序列收益可预测性的原因.基于Swarm仿真平台和Objective C语言构建仿真模型TA-ASM,并进行多组不同参数下的计算实验,通过对模拟数据的统计分析发现,简单技术规则能获得超额收益,表明其在一定程度上具有时间序列收益可预测,该结果意味着收益时间序列存在可被简单技术规则侦测的部分.为确定潜在的影响因素的作用,研究进一步定性定量地对可能的各个内外生因素进行分析,最后得出投资者的非理性心理和行为作为一种系统风险被市场收益吸收从而导致时间序列收益可预测性的结论,该结论支持了行为金融理论关于个体的非理性存在于市场收益过程的假说.     

基于金融经济学的股票市场稳定研究

本文根据随机游走理论、有效性市场假说、市场的不确定性下的预期效用理论和前景理论、混沌理论、以及行为金融学等理论的演变,总结了前人对于影响股票市场价格变化的心理因素的金融经济学解释。并结合当前我国股票市场波动中存在的问题,提出了以投资者心理预期为调控对象的股票市场稳定建议。     

匹配追踪算法对上海股市价格行为的分析

股票市场价格变化因其复杂性,曾广泛被认为是一随机游走.本文应用匹配追踪算法,从一个称之为波形词典的函数库中自适应地提取出一系列与上证综指收益率序列最为匹配的时频原子;通过分析这些时频原子在时-频空间的能量分布以及与原序列信号的相关程度表明,上海股票市场价格变化不符合随机游走,并附带得出了一些其价格行为的有益结论.     

基于Markov和TAR模型的股市泡沫度量研究

股市泡沫的存在对投资者的行为有着巨大的影响,对于金融市场的稳健也至关重要。关于目前股票市场是否存在泡沫及泡沫大小程度的判断和分析对政策的制定、金融体制改革都具有很强的参考意义。本文通过分析上证指数及与股票市场密切相关的国民经济变量的时间序列,从马尔科夫模型和以门限自回归模型为基础的惯性门限自回归模型的基本原理出发,建立相应模型并进行实证研究,以量化的方法对我国的股票市场泡沫进行度量研究,并提出度量和预防股市价格泡沫的政策建议。     

对中国证券机构投资者预测能力的实证分析

对股票价格走势特征的研究是证券投资理论永恒不变的主题，从传统金融理论到行为金融理论．无论从何种角度进行研究和分析，都是围绕这一主题展开的。本文将运用近几年最有影响的行为金融理论．通过实证分析检验中国机构投资者对股票走势的预测能力。以BSI指标代表投资者预期．研究其与中国股票市场收益情况的相关性，通过历史数据的回归分析加以判断，得出了股票市场短期走势不可预测的结论。     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Defining Spirituality of Work

There is a current surge of writings on spirituality and related topics. For instance, Woodward (1997) has pointed out that since Thomas Moore's publication of Care of the Soul in 1994 there have been nearly 800books published with the word soul in the title. These run all the way from Chicken Soup for theWoman's Soul (Canfield et al., 1996) to A Guide to Liberating YourSoul (Barrett, 1995). Spirituality of work is a big part of this surge. Definitionsof spirituality of work seem to vary widely. Bowman (1998, p. 8) in his `reviewof the phenomenon of spirituality of work' found `Definitions of the term spirituality in the context of the Spirituality of Work troublesome and particularly subjective. Many writers do not even attempt definitions.' The purpose of this article is to review the concept of spirituality of work in its historical and current use and to propose a comprehensive definition.     

WebStress: a web interface to explore a multidatabase bibliographic corpus on occupational stress

A bibliographic study on a multidisciplinary subject, such as occupational stress, requires a multidatabase query facility. Given this, we searched eight databases belonging to different fields (medicine, psychology, etc.) and from different countries. Thus, more than 26000 references on occupational stress were gathered. A bibliographic corpus of this sort is unusable because of the heterogeneous format of the records and the number of duplicate entries. Considering the limitations of commercial programs, we have developed a system, called WebStress, for reformatting the data and removing duplicates. The huge number of references and the research needs of updating and searching have necessitated the addition of several other functions to WebStress. Therefore WebStress comprises a web interface that makes it possible to search the corpus with advanced features (using clustering, a specialized thesaurus on stress and Boolean queries). In addition to the usual bibliographic queries on a specific database such as Medline, WebStress provides bibliometric analysis of the corpus, which might contribute to a detailed analysis on occupational stress in order to highlight the networks of researchers and to find the main topics studied in this area. WebStress is not yet available to researchers in general. It is being further developed, and also permission needs to be obtained from the eight commercial bibliographic databases that it consults.     

The impact of a participatory organizational intervention on job stress in community health care institutions

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a short-term participatory intervention in health care institutions in Norway on workers' control, other job characteristics, job stress, subjective health and job satisfaction. Participants (including managers and supervisors) were randomly allocated to intervention groups and to a control group. Actions to solve problems based on the employees' own perceptions of the main problems were seen as the key motivators for organizational improvement and increased control at the task and office level in the work situation. The main stressors identified by the participants in this study were lack of information, communication and respect between professions, as well as the need for professional and personal development. The participatory intervention had a positive, but limited effect on work-related stress, job characteristics, learning climate and management style, and seemed to have started a beneficial change process. There were no negative short-term effects on work-related stress and job demands. Organizational interventions may be a potential training ground for acquiring participatory skills and resources, and if sustained after the intervention period, they can have long-term effects on problem solving, job stress and employee satisfaction.     

Circadian Rhythm and the Business Person

Each human being has an internal timekeeping mechanism. To date, over 100 so-called circadian rhythms have been detected. Perhaps the most significant is body temperature. There is an apparent connection between this rhythm and the efficiency with which we do things in the course of the working day. Within individuals, patterns have been discovered which give credence to the popular notions of a morning or an afternoon person, and so on. Our memory changes from morning to afternoon: short-term memory is stronger in the morning, and long-term memory stronger in the afternoon; in schools, morning students have higher grades than students who have other time-of-day preferences. Therefore, a strong case can be made in support of flexible time schedules. It is reported that productivity went up on the introduction of such a scheme. Employee stress has been seen to decline also. When flextime was offered, parents with small children took advantage of the benefit as well as unmarried employees. The only drawback is ensuring that, with so many individual variations in preferences, the needs of the company are fully met. If such a scheme can be devised, however, the research suggests that productivity and efficiency will increase.     

Social construction of work stress: Australian newsprint media portrayal of stress at work, 1997-98

Public understanding of health issues is influenced by the social and political interests of those who gather the information and by the media which disseminates it. This has implications for lay people's beliefs about work stress and has potentially serious personal implications in terms of recognizing, reacting to, and reporting stress in the workplace (Furnham, 1997). The somewhat ambiguous nature of work stress renders it vulnerable to political, social and economic manipulation. This study explores how the issue of work stress is represented in the Australian newsprint media. Fifty-one work-related articles from all major Australian newspapers from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 1997 were selected if 'stress' appeared in the headline. The articles were examined for dominant ideologies and themes. Attention was given to the language used to describe stress, the intended audience, and the voices represented in the articles. Results showed that work stress is represented in the media as an economically costly epidemic, as an outcome of unfavourable work conditions but with individual remedies, and as primarily situated within the public sector. The main voice represented in the media was that of the unions. The reproduction of work stress as a public sector phenomenon serves the interests of public sector unions, the newspapers, and the managers of private sector workers and is not consistent with available workers' compensation data (which is itself problematic).     

Is Risk Analysis Scientific?

This article discusses to what extent risk analysis is scientific in view of a set of commonly used definitions and criteria. We consider scientific knowledge to be characterized by its subject matter, its success in developing the best available knowledge in its fields of study, and the epistemic norms and values that guide scientific investigations. We proceed to assess the field of risk analysis according to these criteria. For this purpose, we use a model for risk analysis in which science is used as a base for decision making on risks, which covers the five elements evidence, knowledge base, broad risk evaluation, managerial review and judgment, and the decision; and that relates these elements to the domains experts and decisionmakers, and to the domains fact‐based or value‐based. We conclude that risk analysis is a scientific field of study, when understood as consisting primarily of (i) knowledge about risk‐related phenomena, processes, events, etc., and (ii) concepts, theories, frameworks, approaches, principles, methods and models to understand, assess, characterize, communicate, and manage risk, in general and for specific applications (the instrumental part).     

A new lease for life? The return of vitalism in management and organization studies

This paper starts from a growing interest in the concept of concern, lived experience or “inhabiting” as part of the so-called “affective turn”. My main argument is that the notion of concern cannot be thought or understood without the concept of life. The concept of life, however, is somewhat of a taboo topic in the social sciences. I hold, nevertheless, that in order to reflect on their assumptions and to define concern for their own studies, scholars need to think about life and make a choice regarding the various approaches that can be taken. I therefore present and compare four vitalist approaches: romanticism and Lebensphilosophie, vitalism as ethos and pathos, neuroecosociality as well as vitalism as becoming.     

Effects of the implementation of information technology on employees' strain and job satisfaction: a context-dependent approach

The effects on staff of the implementation of new office information technology were investigated in ten companies in Vienna using a longitudinal design. Strain and satisfaction of 331 employees (implementation sample: n = 212; control sample: n = 119) were measured at five points in time over a period of 22 months. The study is based on a context-dependent approach. Personal factors (individual differences, external load) were assessed by questionnaires, and situational factors (job design, implementation content and implementation context) by objective measures. The impact of these factors on employees' strain responses was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). While the implementation of new technology as such made no significant contribution to the explanation of strain variables, a reasonable model fit was achieved when implementation characteristics were taken into account. The data suggest that negative effects of implementations must be expected if (1) adaptational demands do not include the enhancement of employee qualifications, (2) character-based user interfaces are not replaced, and (3) employees have few or no opportunities to participate in the implementation process.