我国西部地区上市公司财务困境成本度量

本文从"经营业绩观"和"权益价值观"两个视角考察1998-2009年度沪深股市A股中西部地区的33家ST公司的财务困境成本状况.结果发现,财务困境期间,企业的经营业绩改善了,但企业的权益平均市场价值降低了18.96%,经市场调整后权益平均市场价值降低了36.76%,即权益投资者承担了36.76%的财务困境成本.     

财务困境、财务困境间接成本与公司业绩

本文研究了上市公司财务困境、财务困境间接成本及其与公司业绩之间的关系.通过实证研究企业陷入财务困境以后业绩变化的情况,本文认为,我国上市公司的间接财务困境成本显著为正,从总体来看,公司的间接困境成本大约为企业价值总额的25%-36.5%之间,资本结构对这种业绩的变化所引起的困境间接成本具有显著影响.负债率越高的企业,在困境期内将损失越大的市场份额和利润.     

财务困境成本与公司治理

陷入财务困境的公司与正常经营的公司有着内外环境的差异,它导致公司治理对企业的财务困境成本和企业价值的影响都不相同.以中国2000年～2006年发生财务困境的193家上市公司的面板数据为样本,实证分析中国公司治理因素对财务困境成本的影响.研究表明,公司的股权制衡度与公司财务困境成本显著正相关,国有股比例、独立董事比例和管理费用率与财务困境成本显著负相关,股权集中度、两职合一、高管持股比例和违规行为与财务困境成本没有显著的相关性.研究结论对财务困境公司改善公司治理机制并摆脱财务困境有所帮助.     

企业财务困境的信号特征研究

财务困境是企业经营业绩、财务状况不断恶化的过程,这一过程是由无数个状态组成的连续统一体,存在一系列可识别的环节。对财务困境的预警关键在于其信号特征的识别,企业的不稳健经营引起了财务困境,其信号特征表现为盈利能力(现金流)与负债规模的不匹配性。     

并购整合对并购公司绩效的影响——基于中国液化气行业的研究

本文基于问卷调查的数据,以2000-2006年间我国液化气行业的43个并购事件为样本,对并购后整合程度与速度对并购绩效的影响进行了实证研究.结果表明:液化气行业并购整合中必须重视市场整合和生产运作整合,市场整合和生产运作整合的程度越高和整合的速度越快,越有利于并购目标的市场业绩的实现;同时,并购整合的程度越高,越能体现出成本的协同效应而带来成本的降低;此外,并购后市场业绩实现带来的规模经济也使企业节约运作成本;最后,并购后如果能够带来企业市场业绩的改善,会有利于并购后最终公司财务绩效的改善.但并购后并购双方的成本节约并没有直接带来并购后财务绩效的改变.     

基于神经网络的企业财务困境预警研究

本文首先论述了神经网络的结构和学习原理,接着在阐述基于神经网络的财务困境预警方法的基础上,构建了基于神经网络的企业财务困境预警模型,最后,对模型的有效性进行了检验。实验结果表明,该方法应用于财务困境预警中是有效的,不仅能发现企业是否存在风险以及企业是否会陷入财务困境,向经营者提出警示,以便及时采取相应管理对策,而且还为广大的投资者和包括银行在内的债权人判定上市公司质量和经营业绩提供科学的手段和可靠的依据,该方法具有预测精度高,学习和泛化能力强,适应性广等优点,为财务困境的动态预警提供了新的研究思路和方法。     

透过现象看本质——缩小企业预期和市场现状的距离

每到年底，企业都要选出一批辛苦了一年的先进个人、先进部门。与之相对的是，企业并没有客观地盘点自己的经营业绩，正视企业的亏损或存在的问题。脱离实际的企业决策使企业陷入经营困境；购买的咨询服务没有起到预期的效果；企业领导认为企业经营业绩不佳是基层经理和员工的执行问题；企业问题不断，依靠召开紧急会议的方式解决问题，已经无法取得进展；企业的业绩评估系统脱离企业的实际情况。针对上述问题，本期专题推出如下5篇文章：“透过现象看本质”想表达的是，企业家和经理应缩小企业预期和市场现状的距离，作出合理的投资决定；“企业购买咨询服务应注意什么”从咨询公司和企业客户的角度，帮助企业识别咨询公司和提升咨询项目的水平；“领导能力与执行能力的较量”提出，将经营业绩不佳归咎于基层经理和员工的企业领导需要反思自己的领导能力，而员工们则应反思自己在工作中的借口是否真正保证了公司的利益；“靠紧急会议解决问题的企业”会得不偿失，遭到困境时要多关注企业工作程序的合理性和公司经理的能力，使企业保持解决问题的信心；“员工业绩评估的缺陷”分析了企业内部不命题的业绩评估系统，提示企业家和经理要结合本公司的实际情况推行业绩评估系统，人力资源部要在实施过程中起     

企业并购后财务整合问题探讨

<正>近年来,我国企业纷纷将并购作为壮大产业规模、规避投资风险、降低生产成本的利器,并购的浪潮风起云涌。但是,被许多企业寄予厚望的并购行为,往往并没有给企业带来预期的收益,反而使不少企业陷入经营困境。究其原因,主要是许多企业简单的将并购作为规避行业壁垒、扩大产能产量的捷径,而忽视了企业并购风险,没有意识到并购     

内部职工持股:目的与结果

本文通过对638家发行内部职工股的上市公司的计量分析发现 ,在职工持股期间 ,有职工股的公司在财务业绩上显著优于没有职工股的公司 ,并且职工股的持股比例与公司财务业绩显著正相关。但本文也发现 ,在职工股上市流通之后 ,曾经发行过职工股的公司在财务业绩和市场业绩上均显著低于从未发行过职工股的公司。这在一定程度上证明了Mauldin在1999年关于“出于不同目的的职工持股对企业生产率的影响有所不同”的发现 ,也为我国进一步推行职工持股领域的改革提供了参考依据。     

『奔的』之误

杭州、宁波等地的“奔驰的士”、“奥迪的士”陷入经营困境,拥有100辆“奔的”的杭州3家出租车公司由于找不到足够的承包司机,尚有57辆在仓库里“待业”,已经承租了“奔的”等高档出租车的3位司机宁愿赔偿4万元违约金也向出租车公司退车。这表面看是高油价引起的,因为这些高档出租车耗油多,致使经营成本提高。但事实上从营销管理的角度看,就是没有高油价,“奔的”等出租车的命运恐怕也逃不过“经营困境”的结局。任何经营是否有利可图,能否在市场上生存和发展,固然要考虑经营成本的高低,然而经营收入的多少同样是重要的,成本虽少但收入微薄…     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

A new lease for life? The return of vitalism in management and organization studies

This paper starts from a growing interest in the concept of concern, lived experience or “inhabiting” as part of the so-called “affective turn”. My main argument is that the notion of concern cannot be thought or understood without the concept of life. The concept of life, however, is somewhat of a taboo topic in the social sciences. I hold, nevertheless, that in order to reflect on their assumptions and to define concern for their own studies, scholars need to think about life and make a choice regarding the various approaches that can be taken. I therefore present and compare four vitalist approaches: romanticism and Lebensphilosophie, vitalism as ethos and pathos, neuroecosociality as well as vitalism as becoming.     

Effects of the implementation of information technology on employees' strain and job satisfaction: a context-dependent approach

The effects on staff of the implementation of new office information technology were investigated in ten companies in Vienna using a longitudinal design. Strain and satisfaction of 331 employees (implementation sample: n = 212; control sample: n = 119) were measured at five points in time over a period of 22 months. The study is based on a context-dependent approach. Personal factors (individual differences, external load) were assessed by questionnaires, and situational factors (job design, implementation content and implementation context) by objective measures. The impact of these factors on employees' strain responses was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). While the implementation of new technology as such made no significant contribution to the explanation of strain variables, a reasonable model fit was achieved when implementation characteristics were taken into account. The data suggest that negative effects of implementations must be expected if (1) adaptational demands do not include the enhancement of employee qualifications, (2) character-based user interfaces are not replaced, and (3) employees have few or no opportunities to participate in the implementation process.     

Consequences of work-family conflict on employee well-being over time

The effects of work-family conflict on the well-being of a diverse sample of 342 non-professional employees from the greater Los Angeles area were examined. Data were collected at two points in time, and a rigorous research design was employed. The effects of self-report bias were considered by controlling for social desirability bias, and by collecting two sources of data (i.e. self-reports and co-workers reports). The results revealed that work-family conflict predicted employee well-being over and above social desirability bias. In addition, analyses were consistent when both self-reports and co-workers reports were utilized. Finally, work-family conflict was a longitudinal predictor of employee's positive well-being. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were consistent across self-reports and co-worker reports.     

Policy Goals for Health and Safety

Health management and safety regulation are separate disciplines but share the aim to extend expectancy of life in good health. The need to improve cost-effectiveness calls for their co-ordinated management according to a unified rationale. Three guiding principles of accountability, demonstrable net benefit and a uniform measure of performance, have been laid out in Canada by the Joint Committee on Health and Safety. They call for open accounting in terms of (health-related quality-adjusted) life expectancy. The principles are utilitarian in format but, it is argued, inequity is naturally diminished in the process of optimizing cost-effectiveness through maximum marginal returns. Comments are made on practical implementation. The need for public consent in practice calls for two additional principles reflecting fair procedure and sovereignty of the citizens. It is concluded that public health and safety measures should be surveyed, documented for cost-effectiveness and prioritized for improvement.     

Ethical Mindsets of Christianity and Confucianism: A Comparative Study

This study investigates the application of an organizational mindset instrument to compare the ethical mindsets between Italy and Taiwan. Results suggest that there are not significant differences, but Italian business is perceived to practice some Machiavellianism that puts results ahead of ethical concerns.     

The myth of change management: A reflection on personal change and its lessons for leadership development

Abstract

In this article I reflect upon my own personal learning when faced with significant individual change, leaving a corporate role to start my own business and returning to serious study after twenty-five years of neglect. I look at the relationship between individual and organizational change, trying to reconcile the mechanistic models of change ingrained by years of practice with new insights gleaned from my own personal transition. Implications for change agents include taking a more adaptive and multi-dimensional approach to change, rather than vainly trying to manage it. For people developers it may question the way we develop leaders and managers to cope with change. And all of us may decide we can be better at learning how to embrace perpetual change and perpetual learning as part of the same unpredictable process.     

The Japanese version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire: a study in dental technicians

To test the psychometric properties and criterion validity of the Japanese version of the EffortReward Imbalance (ERI) Questionnaire (Siegrist, 1996), a survey was conducted among 105 male dental technicians. The Japanese version of the questionnaire was developed through a backtranslation process. Internal consistency and factorial structure were tested and the criterion validity with respect to musculoskeletal symptoms was estimated with the help of a correlation matrix and logistic regression analysis. In psychometric terms, the factorial structure of the scales measuring the components of the theoretical concept was replicated satisfactorily, and internal consistencies of the scales measuring the extrinsic and intrinsic components of the model were appropriate. Significant associations between components of the ERI and musculoskeletal symptoms were found. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significantly elevated risk of musculoskeletal symptoms in participants scoring high on the scale measuring the model's intrinsic component, 'overcommitment'. This study indicates that, at least for the occupational group under study, the Japanese version of the ERI Questionnaire is a feasible and psychometrically well justified new measure for assessing psychosocial stress at work with relevance to health.     

Axiomatic Equilibrium Selection for Generic Two‐Player Games

For a finite game with perfect recall, a refinement of its set of Nash equilibria selects closed connected subsets, called solutions. Assume that each solution's equilibria use undominated strategies and some of its equilibria are quasi‐perfect, and that all solutions are immune to presentation effects; namely, if the game is embedded in a larger game with more pure strategies and more players such that the original players' feasible mixed strategies and expected payoffs are preserved regardless of what other players do, then the larger game's solutions project to the original game's solutions. Then, for a game with two players and generic payoffs, each solution is an essential component of the set of equilibria that use undominated strategies, and thus a stable set of equilibria as defined by Mertens (1989).