新兴技术管理研究综述

20世纪90年代后期以来,新兴技术管理正在成为国际学术研究的新兴领域,我国也正在蓬勃展开这方面的研究.文章对该领域的研究进行了扫描.从理论渊源入手,通过对新兴技术的概念及其不确定性和创造性毁灭特征、新兴技术管理的概念和特征的讨论,认为新兴技术管理是与技术管理、技术创新管理同源异质的新兴学科领域;分别从新兴技术演化及评估、新兴市场识别及拓展、新兴技术战略研究、新兴技术管理的组织创新、新兴技术的融投资管理、新兴技术的知识管理等方面,介绍了目前新兴技术管理研究的领域、内容、观点和成果;从新兴技术聚群创新、新兴技术边缘竞争、新兴技术管理研究方法等方面,展望了新兴技术管理的研究领域.     

基于企业动态能力的新兴技术演化模型及案例研究

结合新兴技术的特点,在动态能力组织学习模型研究成果的基础上,提出了一个基于企业动态能力的新兴技术演化模型。结合该模型探讨了企业动态能力推动新兴技术演化的路径。并以SONY Walkman的演化过程为例对模型进行了检验,结果表明动态能力的形成有利于新兴技术的演化。     

新兴技术的动态评估与小灵通的成功之道

力图通过新兴技术的概念、特征及评估过程,结合中国电信(包括网通)对小灵通的成功运作,说明在新兴技术时代,企业关注的焦点除了努力发明创造一种新兴技术外,更重要的是在众多问题不很清晰时结合自身发展历史、基础设施以及各种能力,寻找、发现、评估可能为公司带来价值的技术,并在实施过程中不断学习,对发现和选择进行修正,同样有可能取得竞争优势.最后对发展中国家和技术优势不明显的企业,提出具有参考价值的新兴技术动态评估方法.     

“后来者劣势”与我国企业发展新兴技术的对策

我国发展新兴技术的道路充满了曲折,有必要提出"后来者劣势"的概念来进一步探讨和认识有关发展中国家发展新兴技术的理论与我国实践之间的巨大反差.研究表明,"后来者劣势"的核心不是技术问题,而是市场问题.即使我国企业在新兴技术开发上取得了突破,同跨国公司相比,也更不容易被市场接受.这一结论表明,需要重新思考企业、政府、以及用户和消费者在我国发展新兴技术中的作用和对策.     

新兴技术进化论及其管理启示

新兴技术管理是近年来技术管理研究的新领域,新兴技术在形成、扩散、演变、发展的过程上有其独有的特征,这也给原有的管理模式带来了挑战。本文结合生物进化论,描述和分析了新兴技术进化的过程,提出其发展的特别之处,最后给出了基于进化论的管理启示,指出企业面对新兴技术需要注意的几个问题,具有一定的现实指导意义。     

基于可变精度粗糙集的新兴技术企业信用风险识别

针对新兴技术企业信用风险评估的必要性和现有评估方法仅局限于财务指标且指标之间高度相关的缺点,借鉴了可变精度粗糙集（VPRS）模型具有噪声数据的强适应能力和强抗干扰能力的优点,提出了一类基于VPRS的新兴技术企业信用风险识别方法,并用已上市的部分新兴技术企业对其进行实证检验,检验结果表明了该方法具有较好的识别能力。该方法首先运用VPRS理论的最新研究成果,并借助于粗糙集分析软件ROSETYA,对由训练样本组成的数据关系表进行数据补缺、离散化及属性的β约简等处理,从而导出识别规则,形成识别规则库;然后集成二叉树构建一类新兴技术企业信用风险识别方法;最后用测试样本对方法的识别精度进行检验。     

基于数据挖掘的预测决策模型应用与研究

数据挖掘是一门新兴的数据处理技术,是当前热门的一个研究领域.本文简要介绍了数据挖掘的概念,论述了基于数据挖掘的预测决策模型建立、实施和效果评估,最后对基于数据挖掘的预测决策模型在电力营销系统中的应用作了实证.     

新媒体时代领导干部“祛魅”之法

<正>"祛魅"一词作为德国社会学家马克斯·韦伯历史哲学和宗教哲学中使用的主要概念,有"除魔""去魅""解咒""去神秘化"等含义。早在1919年,韦伯就做出了一个极富预见性的判断:技术和计算将为世界祛魅。新世纪以来,与计算机技术和互联网技术相关的新兴媒体以     

企业数字化转型和管理:研究框架与展望北大核心CSCDCSSCI

随着新兴数字技术的发展,人类社会迎来了数字时代,基于工业时代发展而来的企业管理理论与方法正受到极大挑战.企业数字化转型与管理领域的研究,旨在建立数字时代企业管理学的新理论体系,形成一整套基于中国情境的数字化转型与管理的基本理论与方法.这不仅是面向数字时代管理学前沿研究的重大领域,也是支撑我国数字经济发展战略需求的重大实践课题.本文在科学界定相关概念的基础上,对相关领域的发展实践和学术研究进行了综合性的概述,提出了企业数字化转型与管理研究领域的七大重要研究方向,为今后的学术研究提供方向性指导.     

中国经济发展规律原创性研究

随着新兴数字技术的发展,人类社会迎来了数字时代,基于工业时代发展而来的企业管理理论与方法正受到极大挑战.企业数字化转型与管理领域的研究,旨在建立数字时代企业管理学的新理论体系,形成一整套基于中国情境的数字化转型与管理的基本理论与方法.这不仅是面向数字时代管理学前沿研究的重大领域,也是支撑我国数字经济发展战略需求的重大实践课题.本文在科学界定相关概念的基础上,对相关领域的发展实践和学术研究进行了综合性的概述,提出了企业数字化转型与管理研究领域的七大重要研究方向,为今后的学术研究提供方向性指导.     

Big Data and Performance: What Can Management Research Tell us?

The special issue focuses on the theory and evidence linking the use of Big Data related technologies by businesses with their performance. Here we connect the papers accepted for the special issue to the overarching theme of Big Data as an emerging concept within the business management literature. We present two prominent case studies examining the use Big Data technologies on performance and strategy, followed by a discussion on how themes around Big Data and Performance may be examined from a theoretical perspective. Finally, based on a synthesis of papers in the current issue, we discuss the emerging issues and trends within the academic literature, relevant for future research.     

Nanotechnology risk perceptions and communication: emerging technologies, emerging challenges

Nanotechnology involves the fabrication, manipulation, and control of materials at the atomic level and may also bring novel uncertainties and risks. Potential parallels with other controversial technologies mean there is a need to develop a comprehensive understanding of processes of public perception of nanotechnology uncertainties, risks, and benefits, alongside related communication issues. Study of perceptions, at so early a stage in the development trajectory of a technology, is probably unique in the risk perception and communication field. As such it also brings new methodological and conceptual challenges. These include: dealing with the inherent diversity of the nanotechnology field itself; the unfamiliar and intangible nature of the concept, with few analogies to anchor mental models or risk perceptions; and the ethical and value questions underlying many nanotechnology debates. Utilizing the lens of social amplification of risk, and drawing upon the various contributions to this special issue of Risk Analysis on Nanotechnology Risk Perceptions and Communication, nanotechnology may at present be an attenuated hazard. The generic idea of "upstream public engagement" for emerging technologies such as nanotechnology is also discussed, alongside its importance for future work with emerging technologies in the risk communication field.     

Anticipating acceptance of emerging technologies using twitter: the case of self-driving cars

In an early stage of developing emerging technologies, there is often great uncertainty regarding their future success. Companies can reduce this uncertainty by listening to the voice of customers as the customer eventually decides to accept an emerging technology or not. We show that risk and benefit perceptions are central determinants of acceptance of emerging technologies. We present an analysis of risk and benefit perception of self-driving cars from March 2015 until October 2016. In this period, we analyzed 1,963,905 tweets using supervised machine learning for text classification. Furthermore, we developed two new metrics, risk rate (RR) and benefit rate (BR), which allow analyzing risk and benefit perceptions on social media quantitatively. With our results, we provide impetus for further research on acceptance of self-driving cars and a methodological contribution to acceptance of emerging technologies research. Furthermore, we identify crucial issues in the public perception of self-driving cars and provide guidance for the management of emerging technologies to increase the likelihood of their acceptance.     

On Determining Specifications and Selections of Alternative Technologies for Airport Checked-Baggage Security Screening

Federal law mandates that every checked bag at all commercial airports be screened by explosive detection systems (EDS), explosive trace detection systems (ETD), or alternative technologies. These technologies serve as critical components of airport security systems that strive to reduce security risks at both national and global levels. To improve the operational efficiency and airport security, emerging image-based technologies have been developed, such as dual-energy X-ray (DX), backscatter X-ray (BX), and multiview tomography (MVT). These technologies differ widely in purchasing cost, maintenance cost, operating cost, processing rate, and accuracy. Based on a mathematical framework that takes into account all these factors, this article investigates two critical issues for operating screening devices: setting specifications for continuous security responses by different technologies; and selecting technology or combination of technologies for efficient 100% baggage screening. For continuous security responses, specifications or thresholds are used for classifying threat items from nonthreat items. By investigating the setting of specifications on system security responses, this article assesses the risk and cost effectiveness of various technologies for both single-device and two-device systems. The findings provide the best selection of image-based technologies for both single-device and two-device systems. Our study suggests that two-device systems outperform single-device systems in terms of both cost effectiveness and accuracy. The model can be readily extended to evaluate risk and cost effectiveness of multiple-device systems for airport checked-baggage security screening.     

Nanotechnology,Risk, and Oversight: Learning Lessons from Related Emerging Technologies

Emerging technologies are defined by their novelty and thus are accompanied by significant uncertainty in determining appropriate ways to manage risks associated with them. Yet, there is a body of prior knowledge about risk management and oversight policy for other technologies that have already permeated society. Here, we describe two ways in which prospective oversight policy analysis for emerging technologies can draw upon these past experiences. One involves comparing specific products that have already been marketed to similar products of the emerging technology (cognate‐product approach). The other treats the emerging technology as a body of products and methods and relates it to another technological field that has already emerged and penetrated markets (whole‐technology approach). In this article, we describe our work using these approaches to inform risk and oversight policy for nanotechnology and its products. We draw parallels between biotechnology and nanotechnology as whole fields of development and also between genetically engineered organisms in the food supply and agricultural products of nanotechnology. Through these comparisons, we find that both approaches to historical learning have value and present lessons that could be applied to nanotechnology.     

A motivation and ability perspective on engagement in emerging digital technologies: The case of Internet of Things solutions

In this study, we advance two mechanisms that lead firms to engage in emerging digital technologies, namely, the dominant coalition's motivation and its ability to deploy the resources needed to pursue such motivation. Building on the performance and strategic development, and on board capital literature streams, we construe prior economic performance as a proxy of the firm's motivation, and human and social board capital as proxies of the firm's ability, analyzing their effect on adding emerging digital technologies, such as Internet of Things solutions, to the firm's resource base. Longitudinal analyses on a panel of Fortune 500 manufacturing firms between 2002 and 2012 reveal that these mechanisms highlight two important aspects of firm influence that can shape its digital technology behavior, explaining the heterogeneity and variability in firms engaging in emerging digital technologies.     

How emerging digital technologies affect operations management through co-creation. Empirical evidence from the maritime industry

Abstract

Globalization, variation in customer expectations, and the developments connected to Information & Communication Technology are usually considered as the main drivers of changes in Operations Management (OM) strategies by firms in both manufacturing and service industries. Emerging digital technologies, such as Internet of Things or Cloud Computing, represents a novel paradigm that is rapidly affecting on several aspects of everyday-life of private and business users. This paper contributes to extant literature about the relationship between emerging digital technologies and OM, by stressing the value co-creation issue. Specifically, we investigate how emerging digital technologies affect OM through value co-creation in the maritime industry. Our study reports the case of FairWind project, an open technology marine service and graphic user interface enabling sailors to personalize their experience on board through 3rd party boat applications. The case of Fair Wind points out how emerging digital technologies contribute to OM within both organizations and, more in general, maritime industry, as well as the critical role of user’s co-creation in defining and managing on-board operations.     

Assessing the impact of new technology in information systems

Computer and communication technology is changing at an increasing rate. New technologies are emerging: the price- performance of current technology is improving. There is a need to assess the impact of technology on new information systems projects, particularly those dealing with distributed processing and electronic office systems. Such an assessment provides direction and guidance in long range and intermediate term information services planning. It can potentially prevent costly conversion efforts. An approach is developed for obtaining this assessment. Two case examples of applications are provided which illustrated the method, results and benefits.