企业核心员工的离职原因及对策分析

核心员工是企业核心竞争力的承载者,随着企业间竞争的加剧,核心员工离职的现象也越来越严重.核心员工离职会增加企业人力资源的重置成本,破坏企业凝聚力,影响企业长远的发展战略.本文章对企业核心员工离职的原因进行分析,探讨核心员工离职对企业产生的影响,并有针对性地提出留住核心员工的策略.     

工作嵌入对科技型员工离职创业活动的影响

目前,高科技企业与大学、科研机构员工离职创业的现象越来越普遍,这类企业家群体正在社会经济中发挥越来越重要的作用.本文围绕科技型员工离职创业活动的主题,根据创业过程前三个阶段的特点,从先前工作经历的"嵌入性"出发,对离职创业动机的形成、创业机会的识别和开发进行分析,进而揭示工作嵌入因素如何影响高科技人员离职创业决策的形成,并通过典型个案分析对上述结论做了进一步的验证,期望能为科技型员工提高创业成功率提供科学的理论依据.     

家族企业跨代资源整合与组合创业

跨代创业是家族企业传承和永续经营的核心问题,涉及到两代企业家之间的资源整合和传承创新.现有研究大多关注家族企业的独特资源对创业的影响,但忽视了家族企业资源在代际之间形成的异质性结构及其在传承过程中的动态变化,二代涉入带来的资源异质性及其与一代资源之间的整合是组合创业的资源基础,也是推动跨代创业的动力.本文从资源基础观的角度出发,探究家族跨代资源异质性及其整合对家族企业创业行为的影响.基于1999年-2012年中国上市家族企业的数据进行回归分析,结果显示:家族二代异质性的知识资源对家族企业组合创业有显著的促进作用,而家族一代社会资本与二代异质性资源的整合也会正向影响家族企业的组合创业行为.分析结果还表明,地区市场化水平会负向调节知识资源异质性与家族企业组合创业的关系.本文结论对资源观在家族企业研究中的应用以及转型经济背景下的组合创业研究有重要贡献.     

企业知识型员工培训对离职倾向的影响研究

在现代企业国际化的竞争压力下,知识型员工已成为企业核心的竞争资源,而且这类员工的稳定性也已经成为衡量企业是否具有竞争优势的标准。在此经过理论分析,对知识型员工培训对其离职倾向的影响进行探讨。分析得出知识型员工的培训质量对企业人力资源的稳定性起到不可忽视的作用,最后针对知识型员工培训和离职的现状提出了几点建议。     

传统文化、制度转型与家族企业成长——第十届创业与家族企业国际研讨会侧记

组织在多层次和多维度的制度环境中生存,市场的、家族的、政治的、传统的制度逻辑对组织提出不同的甚至是冲突的要求,共同定义了合法性、意义等重要的价值观和思维框架。组织在这些外在制度压力下选择最适合组织利益的行动逻辑,导致企业在目标、战略规划、战略执行与控制、职业化、传承以及组织绩效上的异质性特征。中国家族企业治理的优势和劣势,不能脱离以"家"为核心的中华传统文化以及政府与市场资源配置方式并存的制度转型特征。民营企业体现出强大的韧性和适应力内生了特殊的治理安排。但适应性行为并不意味着制度环境改善的必要性降低,制度环境恶化最终会将众多利益相关者陷入多输的格局。本文以第十届创业与家族企业国际研讨会上交流的学术成果为核心进行研究综述,发现参会者重点关注了:(1)文化传统对企业和企业主的影响;(2)制度环境与家族企业的适应性行为;(3)保护社会情感财富与企业战略;(4)家族企业传承与二代创业4个方面。     

浅析核心员工离职对职业声誉的影响及对策

员工离职在当今经济背景下已经司空见惯了,而企业核心员工的离职现象却一直饱受争议,他们的自愿离职可能对企业发展有着很大的负面影响,但自愿离职可能也会对自身的职业发展有很大的影响。本文主要从核心员工的自愿离职对自身职业声誉影响的角度探析,同时进一步提出解决核心员工离职对职业声誉不良影响的对策。     

探索创业家族的成长之路——第三届“创业与家族企业成长”国际研讨会侧记

本文从创业家族的成长发展的角度综述2007年11月在浙江杭州-慈溪举行的国际研讨会上提交的论文。家族企业往往起源于以家庭或家族为单位的创业活动,成功的家族企业在其成长过程中逐渐转变成为创业家族,探索中外创业家族的成长轨迹可以发现一些规律性事实,其中包括家庭—家族结构与人际关系网络在家族企业形成过程中的作用,家族企业组织与治理结构的转型,家族企业向创业家族转化过程中的制度创新与组织学习等。迄今为止,中国家族企业成长依然是一个尚待深入开发的研究领域。     

中国转型经济背景下个人—组织契合对员工离职意愿的影响——企业所有制形式与职位类型的调节作用

本文以华中及华南地区22家企业的1000名企业员工为调查对象,验证了中国转型经济背景下个人-组织契合对员工离职意愿的影响模型。文章运用SPSS11.5对收集的839份有效问卷进行层级回归及分组回归分析,结果显示:(1)在中国现实和文化背景下,个人-组织契合对员工离职意愿有显著的负向作用;(2)在国有、民营和外资企业中,个人-组织契合对员工离职意愿的影响存在显著差异;(3)个人-组织契合对企业中高层管理者以及一般员工离职意愿的影响也存在显著差异。     

员工离职原因分析及解决思路

本文从社会经济因素、组织及工作相关因素、个体因素等三个层面分析了员工离职的原因,指出在大部分情形下,员工离职是多个因素的复合作用引致员工离职的最终结果。在此基础上,我提出了应对员工离职,减少企业损失的解决思路。     

家族逻辑、企业逻辑与家族企业成长——S公司案例研究

家族企业涉及家族和企业2个系统,前者以情感为维系逻辑,后者以能力效率为运营逻辑,二者之间既存在互补关系,也存在冲突。家族逻辑和企业逻辑之间能否平衡决定着家族企业成功的概率。S公司案例表明,在中国文化背景下,以"孝悌"为核心的家族伦理影响着创业者的家族地位和家族社会资本的汇集,进而影响家族企业的文化理念和社会责任。只有在制度理性的约束下,伦理文化才有利于企业运行效率的提升,因此,家族企业获得竞争优势的机制在于"家族伦理—企业伦理-制度理性"三者之间的有效制衡与共振。     

Asian Family Firms through Corporate Governance and Institutions: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Agenda for Future Research

Although the corporate governance model of Asian family firms has recently gained increased attention, it remains unclear how these firms’ corporate governance mechanisms (and their effectiveness) differ from those of family firms in the western world. Drawing upon a comparative institutional perspective, this paper systematically reviews 148 published articles in peer‐reviewed journals from 1980 to 2015. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of institutional complementarities that constitute informal governance mechanisms adopted by Asian family firms by considering a wider set of institutional factors (i.e. political environment, cultural values and social norms) embedded in the Asian context. The main findings suggest that: (i) given the lack of market‐supporting institutions and the presence of strong political control over Asian economies, family firms tend to cultivate political connections to respond to the failure of legal systems; (ii) Asian family firms still rely heavily on personal networks (e.g. guanxi) to reduce uncertainty, strengthen business ties, and gain access to external resources; and (iii) cultural values and social norms (e.g. ‘face’ saving, reputational concerns and adult child adoption) lead to functionally equivalent corporate governance mechanisms in Asian family firms. The downstream effects of such mechanisms are also discussed, and future research avenues are identified.     

The role of internal social capital in organisational innovation. An empirical study of family firms

Using a sample of 172 Spanish family firms and two responders per firm, consisting of a family member and a non-family member (344 returned questionnaires), we examine the effects of internal social capital on organisational innovation. Building on the relational, cognitive, and structural view, and on social capital theory, we propose that internal networking relationships between family members (family social capital) and between non-family members (non-family social capital) in family firms facilitates innovation. Moreover, its benefits flow from the relationships among the firm's internal groups. The results of structural equation models indicate that the social capital of both family members and non-family members has a direct and positive effect on innovation. Further, our findings provide evidence that non-family social capital is just as effective as family social capital for family firm innovation, establishing a new line of research from an empirical perspective. The findings also test whether social factors are key assets of family firm innovation.     

Government and family Guanxi in Chinese private firms: perceptions and preference

This paper examines the role of family ties in private firms in China. Drawing on social capital theory, we argue that family ties can be valuable assets for running businesses, and should be studied as a separate type of managerial ties. Government ties are then used as a benchmark to demonstrate the difference between family and government ties in four dimensions: face, affection, reciprocity and trust. Taking the resource-based view, we argue that Guanxi network is a dynamic capability that evolves in response to the changing operating environment and a firm’s lifecycle. A survey of 296 private firms in China is utilized to explore antecedents of managers’ perceptions and their preference between government and family ties. We find that a volatile operating environment is the most important factor that is linked to the perceived importance of government and family ties. In addition, we find younger firms are more likely to value family ties highly, while perceived importance of government ties increases with the size of the firm. This study contributes to the literature by adding an extra domain, family ties, to managerial ties and highlights the importance of family ties for fledgling firms. It provides further evidence on the role of managerial ties in mitigating operational uncertainties, and sheds light on the different roles that family and government ties play.     

Ownership and corporate social responsibility: "The power of the female touch"

Using a sample of 26,029 firm-year observations over the period 2002–2017 from 4,479 firms and 44 countries, we examine the relationship between ownership concentration and corporate social responsibility by focusing on the mediating role of board gender diversity and the moderating role of family shareholding. We find that ownership concentration negatively affects corporate social responsibility, and the board gender diversity partially mediates this negative effect. Our results indicate that the mediating effect of board gender diversity leads to a 10.65 percent decrease in the impact of ownership concentration on corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, moderated path analysis indicates that family shareholding weakens the direct effect of ownership concentration on board gender diversity and its indirect effect on corporate social responsibility. In post hoc analysis, we also document that the effect of gender diversity on the board is more prevalent in high gender-egalitarian societies where women are more involved in decision-making. Our study addresses the strategic role of female board members in increasing firms’ respect for corporate social responsibility, especially in family-controlled firms. Thus, our results may provide insights to regulators and policymakers to enhance firms’ corporate social practices by encouraging women’s participation on corporate boards.     

A finance professional who understands the family: family firms’ specific requirements for non-family chief financial officers

Non-family chief financial officers (CFOs) are often the first non-family members recruited into a family firm’s top management team. Based on the extant literature and with reference to the resource-based view of the firm, family firm peculiarities can also be expected to affect the requirements family firms look for when hiring non-family CFOs. To analyze these requirements, this paper draws on interviews with family firm owners, chief executive officers and non-family CFOs. Family firms’ specific requirements for CFOs are analyzed along four dimensions, namely education, professional know-how, career path and social/interpersonal skills, and 11 propositions are then developed. The presented findings suggest that family firm owners seek to integrate non-family CFOs with professional non-family firm experience in order to enrich the family firm’s resource pool. In turn, non-family CFOs are required to adapt to the specific governance characteristics prevalent in family firms.     

Führung in Familienunternehmen: Besonderheiten der Entscheidungsfindung und Verhaltenssteuerung und deren Auswirkung auf den Unternehmenserfolg

This paper draws on a survey design to investigate whether family ownership and leadership have an influence on the decision-facilitating and decision-influencing roles of management control. Moreover, we investigate whether the more intuitive decision making in family firms which is often said to be caused by a lack of professionalism, is indeed a disadvantage. The results indicate significant differences in the use of management controls between family firms and non-family firms. However, in contrast to the prevailing view in literature, the performance of family firms is not affected negatively by their specific way of making decisions and by their more centralized management style. According to our data, the prevailing characterization of family firms as being less professionally managed seems questionable.     

Ownership Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Israel

The study examines the effect of ownership structure on firm performance. We distinguish between family firms, firms controlled by partnerships of individuals, concern controlled firms, and firms where blockholders have less than 50% of the vote. The empirical work analyzes data on 280 Israeli firms and employs the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis. It is found that owner-manager firms are less efficient in generating net income than firms managed by a professional (non-owner) manager, and that family firms run by their owners perform (relatively) the worst. This evidence suggests that the modern form of business organization, namely the open corporation with disperse ownership and non-owner managers, promotes firm performance.     

Internationalization of family firms: the effect of ownership and governance

Despite family firm’s dominant role in economies worldwide, there is little empirical knowledge on their internationalization. Drawing on a sample of Austrian firms, this paper investigates the impact of family influence and various governance factors on internationalization. The findings reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between family influence and internationalization. Family firms with medium family influence are the most internationally active companies. This indicates that concerning internationalization the advantages of being a family firm are highest when the family’s ownership share and involvement in management and governance boards is not too extensive. Additionally, neither the incumbent generation, nor the level of non-family executives in the management board, nor the existence of a supervisory board has a significant influence on going international. Since advisory boards seem to foster internationalization, they might be an adjuvant means of equipping family firms with the necessary capabilities, know-how and contacts to operate internationally.     

The adoption of deferred share unit plans for outside directors: economic and social determinants

This paper investigates the antecedents of adopting deferred compensation plans for corporate directors. Relying on agency and network theories, we compare the economic and social characteristics of firms that have adopted a deferred share unit plan for their directors over the 1997–2005 period (130 firms) to a control sample. Our findings show that firms where outside directors have higher agency costs, firms having a block holder that owns a significant voting power, firms whose outside directors serve on other boards having adopted deferred compensation plans, and firms that hire compensation consultants are more likely to adopt a deferred share unit plan for their directors than other firms. These findings highlight the importance of integrating economic and social perspectives when investigating the diffusion of compensation practices.     

家族企业的对外直接投资与职业化管理

基于制度同构理论,探究家族企业通过对外直接投资嵌入到国内和国外互不兼容、甚至相互冲突的制度逻辑时对其治理结构的影响,提出对外直接投资给家族企业带来制度同构压力,进而影响其职业化管理水平。运用中国沪深上市家族企业2005~2019年的面板数据,研究发现:家族企业对外直接投资的规模和广度越大,高管团队的职业化水平越高;东道国与母国之间的制度距离会增强家族企业对外直接投资对职业化管理的促进作用;企业所在地区的外商投资水平则会削弱家族企业在对外直接投资中提升职业化管理的动力。通过研究组织同时嵌入不同制度逻辑时对治理结构的影响,深化制度同构行为的分析框架,对家族企业的国际化成长和治理转型具有实践意义。