基于网络外部性的企业技术标准控制策略

研究具有网络外部性特征的市场中,拥有主流技术标准的主导厂商对其技术标准的控 制策略. 结果表明,在从属厂商技术联盟等联合反击行为的影响下,网络外部性的强弱以及厂 商的用户基础规模决定了主导厂商的策略选择. 只有网络外部性较弱而且主导厂商的用户规 模优势较大时,主导厂商才会独占技术标准;当网络外部性较强或者主导厂商的用户基础优势 相对较小时,主导厂商应全面开放或者仅对部分厂商开放技术标准. 若政府强制主导厂商实行 非歧视性的技术标准控制策略,则可能会损害社会福利.     

具有不对称网络规模的寡头市场条件下企业的R&D动机研究

本文运用产业组织理论方法,研究了网络外部性特征产业中具有不对称网络规模的寡头市场条件下,潜在技术主导厂商的R&D决策以及创新动机.重点分析了网络外部性、产品兼容性、溢出对具有不同网络规模厂商的R&D决策及创新动机的影响.研究结果显示:(一)网络外部性的增大(或兼容性的减小)将增进"大"厂商的R&D投资和创新动机,而减少"小"厂商的R&D投资和创新动机.(二)"小"厂商可以通过大幅提高产品质量来克服网络外部性对其产生的负效应,在一定条件下成为市场的主导厂商.(三)溢出削弱了厂商的创新动机,但是跟随"小"厂商可以比跟随"大"厂商从溢出中获得更多的收益.     

具有不对称网络规模的寡头市场条件下企业的R＆D动机研究

本文运用产业组织理论方法,研究了网络外部性特征产业中具有不对称网络规模的寡头市场条件下,潜在技术主导厂商的R&D决策以及创新动机.重点分析了网络外部性、产品兼容性、溢出对具有不同网络规模厂商的R&D决策及创新动机的影响.研究结果显示:(一)网络外部性的增大(或兼容性的减小)将增进"大"厂商的R&D投资和创新动机,而减少"小"厂商的R&D投资和创新动机.(二)"小"厂商可以通过大幅提高产品质量来克服网络外部性对其产生的负效应,在一定条件下成为市场的主导厂商.(三)溢出削弱了厂商的创新动机,但是跟随"小"厂商可以比跟随"大"厂商从溢出中获得更多的收益.     

具有网络外部性的产品兼容性决策分析

通过Stachelberg竞争模型,本文研究了在具有网络外部性的市场中,拥有专有技术的主导厂商对其兼容技术的授权动机问题。并且得到了主导厂商在纵向兼容决策中最优厂商数量的控制的关系。     

网络外部性、产品差异化与企业技术控制策略

研究具有网络外部性特征的市场中,拥有专有技术的在位厂商对其技术的授权动机.研究结果表明,在消费者对产品未来市场规模的预期为随机变量的假设下,如果网络外部性强度较弱或者产品差异化较强,专有技术厂商将开放技术,引入竞争性厂商,从而获得比独享技术更高的利润;反之,如果网络外部性强度较强或者产品差异化较弱,专有技术厂商将独享技术,从而成为行业垄断者。     

组内网络外部性对双边市场定价的影响分析

将组内网络效应引入双边市场定价模型中,研究组内网络效应和组间网络效应共同作用下的双边市场定价策略问题,突出分析组内网络效应对双边平台企业定价策略的影响;建立两阶段的定价博弈模型,得到组内网络效应和组间网络效应共同作用下的双边市场竞争价格均衡。研究结果表明,组内网络外部性强度对消费者价格和厂商价格的影响取决于双边用户接入平台后的市场结构,即在双边用户单平台接入市场结构和厂商多平台接入的竞争性瓶颈结构下,组内网络外部性对双边市场定价的影响是不相同的;在这两种市场结构下,双边平台竞争获得的利润水平与组内网络外部性成正比,与组间网络外部性成反比。同时,双边用户的价格在单平台接入和多平台接入的市场结构下的大小关系取决于厂商组内网络外部性的强度。     

网络外部性与产品垄断定价策略研究

当产品存在网络外部性时,垄断厂商在一个较长的时期内如何分阶段提供产品并制定一个合理的价格以获得最大的利润是一个重要问题,因为网络外部性可能会对消费者的预期有着重要的影响,从而影响垄断厂商的定价策略和利润.为了探讨这一问题,本文通过构造一个两阶段的动态模型,分垄断厂商可以在不同的阶段提供同质产品和差异产品两种情形来分析了存在网络外部性条件下垄断厂商的动态价策略.研究表明,若垄断厂商在不同阶段提供同质产品,则第一时段的价格要高于第二时段价格的贴现值;若垄断厂商在第二阶段提供差异产品,则产品的价格会比没有网络外部性的情况下有所降低.     

网络经济下企业兼容性选择与用户锁定策略研究

通过两阶段的Hotelling双头竞争模型,本文将网络外部性与产品兼容性视为导致用户锁定的主要因素,研究了网络外部性以及兼容性所产生的转移成本对消费者的锁定效应,以及网络外部性与兼容性对企业竞争策略的影响。     

基于扩展Hotelling模型的企业竞争策略研究

通过将纵向差异引入到二次函数运输成本下的Hotelling模型中,研究具有不同质量、网络外部性、兼容性和转移成本的2个垄断厂商的竞争策略.首先,进行选址;然后,进行价格竞争的完全信息动态博弈,得到产品具有横向差异和纵向差异的2个垄断厂商市场竞争的均衡策略,推广了Hotelling模型的结论;最后,在选择横向差异最大化的情况下,分析了一般市场竞争策略,在无纵向差异条件下分别讨论了不同网络效用系数、兼容性和转移成本对市场竞争策略的影响.     

具有网络外部性的产品兼容策略的博弈分析

应用防降价均衡方法,讨论具有网络外部性的产品的兼容策略.结果表明,在双头垄断市场环境中,对于异质消费者,面对具有网络外部性的差别化产品,厂商和社会的理性决策都应当是采取兼容策略,在兼容市场中,相对于不兼容市场来说,价格升高,厂商的利润增加,消费者的消费者剩余减少,社会福利增加.     

Scale-up modes: Profiling activity configurations in scaling strategies

Scale-ups, or scaling firms, provide an important contribution to the economy. However, there is little understanding of the characteristics of their scaling strategies, compared to the high-growth strategies of start-ups and mature firms. To address this, we build on the Penrosean view of firm growth and the literature on high-growth firms to identify the critical growth-enabling activities of scaling firms with digital business models: financing, innovation, digitization, and acquisitions. Using cluster analysis of a sample of 184 Unicorn and emerging Unicorn scale-ups with digital business models, we identify four distinct activity configurations, or scale-up modes: network growers, focused scalers, organic innovators, and constricted scalers. We discuss the theoretical implications for the literature on scaling firms, Penrose's theory of firm growth in the digitization era, and firm growth research more generally.     

Sourcing Information Security Operations: The Role of Risk Interdependency and Competitive Externality in Outsourcing Decisions

Firms are increasingly outsourcing information security operations to managed security service providers (MSSPs). Cost reduction and quality (security) improvement are often mentioned as motives for outsourcing information security, and these are also the frequently cited reasons for outsourcing traditional information technology (IT) functions, such as software development and maintenance. In this study, we present a different explanation—one based on interdependent risks and competitive externalities associated with IT security—for firms' decisions to outsource security. We show that in the absence of competitive externalities and interdependent risks, a firm will outsource security if and only if the MSSP offers a quality advantage over in‐house operations, which is consistent with the conventional explanation for security outsourcing. However, when security risks are interdependent and breaches impose competitive externalities, although firms still have stronger incentive to outsource security if the MSSP offers a higher quality in terms of preventing breaches than in‐house management, a quality advantage of MSSP over in‐house management is neither a prerequisite for a firm to outsource security nor a guarantee that a firm will. In addition to MSSP quality, the type of externality (positive or negative), the degree of externality, whether outsourcing increases or decreases risk interdependency, and the breach characteristics determine firms' sourcing decisions. When security breaches impose a positive externality, the incentive to outsource is enhanced if the MSSP decreases the risk interdependency and diminished if the MSSP increases this interdependency. A negative externality has the opposite effect on firms' incentives to outsource. A high demand spillover to a competitor, together with a high loss in industry demand because of a security breach, enhances these incentives to outsource security operations when the externality is negative. Finally, we extend our base model in several dimensions and show that our main results regarding the impact of interdependent risks and competitive externalities on sourcing decisions are robust and generalizable to different specifications.     

Firms,Destinations, and Aggregate Fluctuations

This paper uses a data base covering the universe of French firms for the period 1990–2007 to provide a forensic account of the role of individual firms in generating aggregate fluctuations. We set up a simple multisector model of heterogeneous firms selling to multiple markets to motivate a theoretically founded decomposition of firms' annual sales growth rate into different components. We find that the firm‐specific component contributes substantially to aggregate sales volatility, mattering about as much as the components capturing shocks that are common across firms within a sector or country. We then decompose the firm‐specific component to provide evidence on two mechanisms that generate aggregate fluctuations from microeconomic shocks highlighted in the recent literature: (i) when the firm size distribution is fat‐tailed, idiosyncratic shocks to large firms directly contribute to aggregate fluctuations, and (ii) aggregate fluctuations can arise from idiosyncratic shocks due to input–output linkages across the economy. Firm linkages are approximately three times as important as the direct effect of firm shocks in driving aggregate fluctuations.     

存在网络外部性下的两阶段圆周模型

本文分析了存在网络外部性下的两阶段圆周模型。网络外部性的存在使厂商有动机降低产品价格以获得更大的市场份额,模型的子博弈精炼纳什均衡表明消费者剩余和社会净福利水平得到改进,同时行业内产品的差异程度偏少。特别地,在强网络外部性下,垄断结构能使社会净福利最大化。     

具有网络外部性特征的企业兼并模式选择

在上游垄断、下游双寡头竞争和上下游均为双寡头竞争的两种市场结构下,基于网络外部性建立了标的企业兼并模式选择模型,分析了被兼并的标的企业以横向兼并和纵向兼并为选择的对策均衡.结论表明,在上游垄断、下游双寡头竞争的市场结构下标的企业兼并模式的选择不受网络外部性的影响,而在上下游均为双寡头竞争的市场结构下网络外部性的强度会影响到标的企业兼并模式的选择.最后,在福利分析的基础上也表明了政府与标的企业在兼并模式选择上存在着直接的利益冲突.     

Ownership Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Israel

The study examines the effect of ownership structure on firm performance. We distinguish between family firms, firms controlled by partnerships of individuals, concern controlled firms, and firms where blockholders have less than 50% of the vote. The empirical work analyzes data on 280 Israeli firms and employs the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis. It is found that owner-manager firms are less efficient in generating net income than firms managed by a professional (non-owner) manager, and that family firms run by their owners perform (relatively) the worst. This evidence suggests that the modern form of business organization, namely the open corporation with disperse ownership and non-owner managers, promotes firm performance.     

Taxonomy of ERP integrations and performance outcomes: an exploratory study of manufacturing firms

Building and deploying network capabilities of firms are crucial for sustaining competitive advantage. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are useful to enhance such network capabilities thorough effective information flows. Their intended goals are measured in terms of production costs, operational flexibility and supply chain performance outcomes. However, the impact of ERP system implementation on firm performance has been reported as somewhat inconclusive. This study contends that a missing link in the story is the scope and extent of ERP system implementation after investigating how the extent of ERP integration is associated with the performance outcomes of manufacturing firms. The study also posits that restructuring in the organisation and supply chains are positively associated with manufacturing performance. Since ERP often entails restructuring in an organisation and supply chains, it is anticipated that restructuring plays an important role in inducing positive impact of ERP implementation to the firm. Using a global sample of 641 manufacturers, this research identifies four distinct ERP systems integration patterns, epitomised by different extents and directions of integration, and finds a significant association among the broadest degree of ERP systems integration, restructuring and plant performance improvement. The empirical results also show that restructuring takes place most actively in a firm that implement ERP with widest scope and scale.