网络外部性与企业产品兼容性决策分析

研究具有网络外部性特征的市场中,当拥有专有技术的主导厂商不能阻挡跟随厂商的市场进入时,主导厂商对其技术的兼容性授权动机.研究结果表明,在消费者对产品未来市场规模的预期为随机变量的假设下,如果网络外部性强度较弱,拥有技术标准的主导厂商将向跟随厂商开放技术标准,采取兼容性策略;相反地,如果网络外部性强度较强,主导厂商将独享技术,采取不兼容性策略.     

基于网络外部性的企业技术标准控制策略

研究具有网络外部性特征的市场中,拥有主流技术标准的主导厂商对其技术标准的控 制策略. 结果表明,在从属厂商技术联盟等联合反击行为的影响下,网络外部性的强弱以及厂 商的用户基础规模决定了主导厂商的策略选择. 只有网络外部性较弱而且主导厂商的用户规 模优势较大时,主导厂商才会独占技术标准;当网络外部性较强或者主导厂商的用户基础优势 相对较小时,主导厂商应全面开放或者仅对部分厂商开放技术标准. 若政府强制主导厂商实行 非歧视性的技术标准控制策略,则可能会损害社会福利.     

具有网络外部性的产品兼容策略的博弈分析

应用防降价均衡方法,讨论具有网络外部性的产品的兼容策略.结果表明,在双头垄断市场环境中,对于异质消费者,面对具有网络外部性的差别化产品,厂商和社会的理性决策都应当是采取兼容策略,在兼容市场中,相对于不兼容市场来说,价格升高,厂商的利润增加,消费者的消费者剩余减少,社会福利增加.     

医学期刊举办有奖征文的经营理念

医学期刊与广告厂商共同举办有奖征文活动,赋予了杂志更大、更强的生命力,提升了厂商的知名度,提高了产品的可信度,在举办活动的过程中,加强了编辑部与厂商的友好合作,增进了友谊,成为了长年的合作伙伴,从而使医学期刊和广告厂商得到了“双赢”。     

具有不对称网络规模的寡头市场条件下企业的R&D动机研究

本文运用产业组织理论方法,研究了网络外部性特征产业中具有不对称网络规模的寡头市场条件下,潜在技术主导厂商的R&D决策以及创新动机.重点分析了网络外部性、产品兼容性、溢出对具有不同网络规模厂商的R&D决策及创新动机的影响.研究结果显示:(一)网络外部性的增大(或兼容性的减小)将增进"大"厂商的R&D投资和创新动机,而减少"小"厂商的R&D投资和创新动机.(二)"小"厂商可以通过大幅提高产品质量来克服网络外部性对其产生的负效应,在一定条件下成为市场的主导厂商.(三)溢出削弱了厂商的创新动机,但是跟随"小"厂商可以比跟随"大"厂商从溢出中获得更多的收益.     

具有不对称网络规模的寡头市场条件下企业的R＆D动机研究

本文运用产业组织理论方法,研究了网络外部性特征产业中具有不对称网络规模的寡头市场条件下,潜在技术主导厂商的R&D决策以及创新动机.重点分析了网络外部性、产品兼容性、溢出对具有不同网络规模厂商的R&D决策及创新动机的影响.研究结果显示:(一)网络外部性的增大(或兼容性的减小)将增进"大"厂商的R&D投资和创新动机,而减少"小"厂商的R&D投资和创新动机.(二)"小"厂商可以通过大幅提高产品质量来克服网络外部性对其产生的负效应,在一定条件下成为市场的主导厂商.(三)溢出削弱了厂商的创新动机,但是跟随"小"厂商可以比跟随"大"厂商从溢出中获得更多的收益.     

引入投机信任危机的供应链优化策略

市场中时常发生的供不应求的情形催生了大量投机者。针对这种情况,本文考虑了不同维度下顾客的异质化因素,在模型中分别引入投机信任危机和顾客缺货效用损失的概念,将顾客细分;通过厂商定价以调节投机者数量来最大化厂商利润,得出厂商的最优定价策略和投机者的均衡数量,优化供应链。最后采用Matlab进行数值分析,验证模型的适用性,同时证明投机信任危机减弱将使投机者接受一个更高的原始价格,缺货效用损失系数越大的顾客越倾向于提早购买。     

传统家电面临IT化洗牌

<正>鉴于数字家电与IT的界限日趋模糊,许多IT厂商向家电领域发起了总攻。随着网络技术的发展,家庭已经开始了快速的信息化。鉴于数字家电与IT的界限日趋模糊,许多IT厂商抓住这一有利时机,向家电领域发起了总攻:从半导体到软件、成品,IT巨头的身影无处不在,这使传统家电厂商面临的局势愈加严峻。 现代信息技术的迅速普及,正对传统的家电产生巨大的冲击。美国巴特利研究所甚至发出警告:全球家电市场正在走向重组,如果不采取果断决策和措施,到2006年,现有家电厂商的90％将被逐出市场。     

基于Internet的竞争厂商产品选择与市场决策模型

本文以差异化理论和博弈论为分析工具,通过建构两竞争厂商的产品选择决策模型来探讨线下和线上厂商之间最优的产品差异化策略和市场选择策略,并给出了厂商差异化产品策略时的跨市场经营诱因和条件。     

PC软件产品竞争性升级的定价研究

通过Hotelling模型对PC软件产品竞争性升级进行了研究,重点分析了网络外部性、转换成本、升级产品质量(或功能)的提高对升级定价及其竞争策略的影响.主要成果包括以下几个方面(1)在消费者静态预期的条件下,网络规模大的厂商总是偏好不兼容,网络规模小的厂商偏好全兼容.(2)分析了影响版本升级价格、竞争性价格和全价的相关因素.(3)解释了转换成本和实施竞争性升级的关系.(4)分析了厂商夺取竞争对手厂商客户的条件以及争夺新客户的竞争策略.对厂商的竞争性升级定价具有重要的理论指导意义.     

Evidence of Managerial Short-termism in the UK

This paper considers an aspect of possible managerial short-termism in the UK. It discusses some potential motivations for that phenomenon and presents evidence which suggests that short-termism exists and is positively associated with managerial perceptions of capital market valuation practices. Two hypotheses were developed and tested using the responses concerning R&D expenditure obtained from a postal questionnaire sent to the finance directors of theTimes 1000companies. These were that many top managers in UK quoted companies behave in a ‘short-termist’ manner; and that the extent to which managers behave as hypothesized above is positively associated with their perceptions of the level of emphasis placed by the capital market on measurements related to short-term reported earnings. The results obtained support the hypotheses. Overall, the evidence of the paper is consistent with the view that many finance directors of large UK companies are short-termist in their perceptions and that such short-termism is positively associated with their beliefs about the level of emphasis placed by the capital market on figures of reported earnings.     

组织学习模式转变与后发企业技术能力提升研究——以永光集团为例

通过对永光集团的案例研究,回答了在不断变化的技术和市场环境下,后发企业如何根据不同发展阶段的战略目标和技术基础选择组织学习的主导模式,以促进技术能力提升这一问题。分析表明,组织学习是一个不断深化的动态过程。组织学习模式的选择与技术基础有着很强的内在联系,后发企业技术能力发展水平、技术基础和发展战略目标影响组织学习主导模式的选择,而组织学习的主导模式又从知识积累和知识应用2个方面影响后发企业技术能力的形成。     

Developing high-technology latecomer firms to compete internationally: A three-sector growth model

In contrast to the mainstream approach, which focuses exclusively on how foreign multinational enterprises move into developing countries, this paper researches how high-technology latecomer multinational enterprises grow from the domestic institutional context into the international market. It draws on the economic development theory and the dynamic capabilities perspective to present a three-sector growth model to understand how high-technology latecomer firms establish themselves in international competition through the interplay of the social sector, the state, and the market. The three sectors may work together when they are pushed by external threats or pulled by internal interests. High-technology latecomer firms, at the stage of “getting there,” would call for the caring hand of the social sector; at the stage of “staying there,” would need the competition of the market; and between these two stages, the discipline of the state.     

Managing competence acquisition and financial performance: An empirical study of how small firms use competence acquisition strategies

Past research has neglected how small firms manage competence acquisition. Based on transaction cost literature, this article identifies competence acquisition management strategies and their implications for performance. We explore this issue using survey data from 842 small, knowledge-intensive firms. The results outline four aspects of competence acquisition management: (1) competence absorbers, (2) social acquirers, (3) market acquirers, and (4) nonacquirers. Furthermore, we hypothesized and found that market acquirers score higher in terms of financial performance than firms following the other strategies. The market acquirer strategy proved particularly effective under conditions of high dynamism.     

Emerging Market Penetration,Inventory Supply,and Financial Performance

Realizing potential benefits from emerging market penetration requires firms to address inherent supply chain challenges. A major challenge is for firms to manage costly inventories to address demand and supply risks in emerging markets. However, emerging market penetration may offer opportunities for firms to lower inventory levels, reduce costs, and improve operating performance. Using data for 482 manufacturing firms over the 5‐year period, 2003–2007, obtained from the COMPUSTAT Industrial and Segment Databases, this article examines the relationships between emerging market penetration, inventory supply, and financial performance. Our results show that a multinational firm's sales penetration into emerging markets is associated with fewer days of inventory supply and improved financial performance. As emerging market penetration may allow firms to operate with lower inventory supply, the positive effect from emerging market penetration, such as labor cost reductions, may be enhanced due to inventory cost savings.     

网络外部性下不对称企业技术创新投资决策研究

许多研究技术创新投资决策期权博弈的文献大都假定企业是同质的和企业创新产品之间具有负的外部性,本文研究正网络外部性条件下成本不对称企业技术创新投资决策问题.首先,导出企业投资收益函数和投资临界值,接着对存在的2种均衡,即序列均衡和同时投资均衡进行分析讨论,结果表明,均衡的结果依赖于成本不对称程度和网络外部性的共同作用.最后,结合案例进行数值计算,验证了理论分析结果.     

市场竞争模式下的技术溢出与技术创新分析

技术溢出的存在是技术创新市场失效的主要原因.本文通过构建技术溢出下的企业产品市场竞争模型,比较研究了产品市场产量竞争和价格竞争模式下技术溢出与技术创新.分析表明,在均衡时,技术溢出总会发生,价格竞争模式相对于产量竞争模式的技术创新激励得到加强,在价格竞争下技术创新激励几乎不会被创新溢出所影响.结果还表明,价格竞争是可取的,它将带来社会总福利的增加.     

基于期望违约率模型的上市公司财务困境预警研究

本文以现代资本结构理论和期权理论为依据,以企业"资不抵债"作为上市公司陷入财务困境的标志,运用资本市场的信息指标(股价)和上市公司财务数据建立期望违约率(EDF)模型,应用于公司财务困境的动态预警,克服了统计预测方法的时期性和滞后性的缺陷。