利益相关者、管理认知对企业环境保护战略选择的影响——基于我国上市公司的实证研究

企业对环境规制心存疑虑,担心规制增加企业成本,为此本文从战略管理层面探讨如何调动企业处理环境问题的积极性。通过对我国上市公司CEO的调研,发现管制利益相关者和次要利益相关者中的媒体是企业在环境问题上感知的主要压力;管理者越认为环境问题是商业机会以及管理者的环境意识越强,企业越有可能实行前瞻型环境战略。     

前瞻型环境战略对企业绿色形象的影响研究

从自然资源基础观出发,研究前瞻型环境战略对企业绿色形象的影响.提出前瞻型环境战略会通过影响绿色核心能力、绿色产品创新与绿色过程创新,进而对企业绿色形象产生积极影响,并创建了相关关系模型.研究表明,前瞻型环境战略会提升企业绿色形象,绿色核心能力与绿色创新在前瞻型环境战略与企业绿色形象间存在链式中介作用.另外,对比了提升企业绿色形象的不同路径,为企业构建高区分度的企业形象提供了新的思路和建议.     

韧性领导力对员工行为的双刃剑效应研究

基于自我决定理论,通过3个阶段收集的490份问卷数据,探究韧性领导力对员工行为的双刃剑效应。研究结果表明：韧性领导力与主动担责行为、亲组织非伦理行为正相关;和谐型激情在韧性领导力与主动担责行为、强迫型激情在韧性领导力与亲组织非伦理行为之间分别起到中介作用;环境不确定性在韧性领导力与和谐型激情、韧性领导力与强迫型激情之间起到调节作用;环境不确定性程度越高,韧性领导力与和谐型激情之间的关系越强;环境不确定性越低,韧性领导力与强迫型激情关系越强;同时调节了韧性领导力通过和谐型激情对主动担责行为、韧性领导力通过强迫型激情对亲组织非伦理行为的中介作用。     

基于企业社会责任导向的环境变革型领导对环境组织公民行为的影响机制研究北大核心CSSCI

以企业社会责任为导向,依据计划行为理论,探究环境变革型领导对环境组织公民行为的影响机制。根据收集的319份有效问卷调查结果显示:环境变革型领导对员工环境组织公民行为具有正向显著影响;环境利他关注在环境变革型领导与环境组织公民行为间起中介作用;组织支持感在环境变革型领导与环境利他关注之间具有正向调节作用,且表现为有调节的中介作用。     

企业的可见性和脆弱性有助于提升对利益相关者压力的认知及其反应吗?——动态能力的调节作用

企业不可避免面临来自各种利益相关者的压力,如何对利益相关者压力进行反应是战略管理领域的一个重要研究话题。本文探讨企业的可见性和脆弱性对利益相关者压力反应的影响,利益相关者压力的紧迫性和可管理性两种认知模式的中介机制以及动态能力的调节作用。研究结果表明,企业的可见性和脆弱性对利益相关者压力反应具有正向的影响;虽然企业的可见性对利益相关者压力可管理性认知并没有显著的影响,但还是可以对紧迫性认知与利益相关者压力反应的关系具有完全中介作用,而企业的脆弱性对紧迫性和可管理性认知与利益相关者压力反应的关系也有着完全中介作用;除了脆弱性以外,企业的可见性对利益相关者压力反应的影响,以及紧迫性和可管理性认知对利益相关者压力反应的影响,都受到动态能力的调节作用。这将对于我国企业处理好国内的利益相关者环境,谋求长期的生存发展在理论与实践上都有很重要的意义。     

动荡环境下技术多元化与企业绩效关系

基于资源基础理论,探索行业竞争互动和动态环境情境下技术多元化对企业绩效的影响。通过对创业板291家上市公司非平衡面板数据的实证分析,发现技术多元化负向影响企业绩效;行业竞争互动正向调节技术多元化与企业绩效之间的关系;环境动态性负向调节技术多元化与企业绩效之间的关系,且负向调节行业竞争互动对技术多元化与企业绩效关系的正向影响。研究表明,企业在实施技术多元化战略时应该考虑所处行业的竞争动态以及环境的动态性。     

绿色创新中介作用下的企业环境责任、企业环境伦理对竞争优势的影响

以绿色创新作为中介变量,通过科学的实证研究过程,揭示其对企业环境责任和企业环境伦理与竞争优势关系的影响路径和作用机制。研究表明,企业环境责任和企业环境伦理对企业竞争优势具有正向的推动作用,绿色创新对企业环境责任和企业环境伦理与竞争优势的影响具有部分中介作用。     

中国情境下的战略复杂性驱动因素研究:管理者认知视角的分析

从认知视角考察了管理者感知的环境特征及设定的战略导向对不同战略复杂性形成的驱动作用.结果表明:在中国情境下,当管理者感知环境复杂性程度较高时,客户战略复杂性和竞争战略复杂性会提高;当管理者感知到环境动态性较高时,竞争战略复杂性会提高;当管理者设定前瞻者战略导向或分析者战略导向时,客户战略复杂性和竞争战略复杂性会提高;当管理者设定了防御者战略导向或反应者战略导向时,客户战略复杂性有可能降低,但对竞争战略复杂性影响不大.该结论验证了当前转型经济背景下的企业战略复杂性的驱动因素,为探讨战略复杂性产生的研究提供了理论补充和实践指导.     

西方企业绿色管理研究述评及启示

由于利益相关者压力、解决环境问题的资源可利用程度、组织管理范式中的生态价值观等因素，企业会采取从反应型到主动型的环境响应行为。西方绿色管理研究指出，主动型绿色管理活动不仅有助于降低其经营活动对生态环境的负面影响，绿色管理作为企业总体经营战略的组成部分还可能成为企业竞争优势的来源。本文回顾了西方已有绿色管理研究成果，分析企业绿色管理行为的影响因素，为改善我国环境监管有效性和提高企业绿色管理水平提供借鉴。     

职场排斥对员工亲组织性非伦理行为的影响机制研究

员工在工作场所从事非伦理行为具有多方面的原因,可能是有利于自己,也可能是为了报复或伤害组织和同事。根据这一逻辑,已有研究就职场排斥诱发的员工非伦理行为都是建立在利己动机的假设基础之上,而对于员工的利组织动机的非伦理行为研究不足。实际上,面对职场排斥,员工很可能采取积极的补救措施对人际关系进行主动修复,其中从事亲组织性质的非伦理行为就是一个重要的修复行为。基于道德自我调节理论和社会认同理论的视角,以道德推脱为中介变量,以组织认同为调节变量,检验职场排斥对员工亲组织性非伦理行为的内在影响机理。采用SPSS 18.0和AMOS 18.0进行多元线性回归和验证性因子分析,通过上下级配对调查的方式,收集来自武汉和上海5家企业的调研数据,并进行实证分析。研究结果表明,(1)职场排斥对员工的亲组织性非伦理行为具有显著的正向影响;(2)道德推脱在职场排斥与亲组织性非伦理行为的关系中发挥完全中介作用;(3)组织认同在职场排斥与道德推脱的关系中发挥正向调节作用;(4)组织认同在职场排斥与亲组织性非伦理行为的关系中发挥正向调节效应。通过实证研究证实了理论界较为忽视的亲组织性非伦理行为,检验了员工亲组织性非伦理行为的发生机制和高度的组织认同的调节效应,证明员工在遭遇职场排斥时通过亲组织性非伦理行为来应对是一个重要的理性选择,组织认同度较高的员工在面对职场排斥时更容易发生道德推脱问题和亲组织性非伦理行为,验证了组织认同的"阴暗面"。研究结论为组织对员工非伦理行为的权变管理提供了有益的启示,提醒管理者警惕职场排斥的原因及其负面影响,并建立科学的组织制度,鼓励高组织认同的员工采取符合伦理规范的行为回报组织。     

企业环境研发、产品差异化与政府环境管制

气候变暖已成为全球日益关注的重要问题之一,实施环境管制政策是政府控制企业碳排放量的重要手段。基于东道国企业和外资企业产品差异化竞争假设,建立了企业环境研发策略(环境研发卡特尔策略和独立环境研发策略)与政府环境管制的三阶段博弈模型,运用逆向求解法求得各阶段均衡解,比较了不同环境研发策略下企业环境研发水平(及碳减排量)、政策环境管制水平及国家福利。结果表明:企业环境研发投入越多,政府最优碳排放税越低;碳排放对环境造成的损害越大,政府最优排放税越高,企业越致力于环境研发。对关键参数赋值和模拟后进一步发现,总体而言,环境研发卡特尔策略要优于独立环境研发策略,但随着产品差异化程度的缩小和环境研发溢出程度的降低,环境研发卡特尔策略优于独立环境研发策略的程度也在缩小。因此,本文的研究可为外资企业和东道国企业产品策略选择和环境研发策略选择提供理论依据,也可为政府政策制定提供参考。     

Environmental impact statements

Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) present the results of a structured appraisal of the likely effects of a proposed development on the environment. Systematic methods of identification and assessment of potential effects of major projects have been developed in response to public concern about environmental quality. EISs were first introduced in the United States (US) in 1970 but they have since been adopted in a number of countries. In the United Kingdom (UK) EISs have been prepared for certain major projects, in particular for developments related to North Sea oil, but the procedure has not been formally introduced into the planning system. In this article the history of EIS in the US, UK and elsewhere is traced. Contents of EISs and methods of appraisal which may be included are described. Many attitudes towards EIS are based on the early years of EIS in the US where it was seen to be a slow, costly procedure frequently involving lengthy court battles. A review of EIS experience in the US shows that these problems have been exaggerated. Two major developers in the UK, BP and British Gas Corporation, consider EIS to be a valuable component of their project planning activities, ensuring that environmental aspects of developments are considered at an early stage. Finally some arguments for and against the formal introduction of EIS in the UK are examined. The article concludes that EIS will play an increasingly important role in the UK planning system.     

环境会计控制与企业环境业绩关系研究

选用2004～2005年被评定为"环境友好企业"的38家企业之中的12家上市公司作为研究对象,并在这12家上市公司的同行业分别选取1家财务业绩最好的上市公司作为对照样本.通过研究发现,在目前的中国背景下,政府环境控制是提高企业环境业绩的主要因素,企业内部的环境会计控制同样也可以促进企业环境业绩的提高;但在与企业外部政府环境控制配合方面,由于缺乏完善的环境会计控制体系,难以与外部政府环境控制配合共同提升企业的环境业绩,因此,建立完善的环境会计控制体系是目前我国政府与企业的当务之急.同时发现,国内企业为获得较好的财务业绩常以牺牲环境业绩作为代价.     

Internet Assisted Environmental Purchasing

The use of environmental purchasing as corporate and political instruments to further improve the environmental performance of products is becoming increasingly widespread.Information technology and more specifically the Internet, offers a range of new opportunities to make environmental purchasing operational for both small and large, public and private operations. The benefits of internet-assisted environmental purchasing systems include global system access, no paper handling, ease of operation for procurement staff and a uniform and transparent treatment of suppliers.Tele Danmark Communication (TDC) is Denmark's largest provider of telecommunication services and also operates a chain of stores across Denmark selling telephones and other telecommunication products. Co-funded by the Danish EPA and in collaboration with RAMBØLL Consultants and the Institute for Product Development at the Technical University of Denmark, TDC has developed a prototype internet-assisted environmental purchasing system that covers a wide product assortment of telephones and fax machines. This case exemplifies the particular benefits of Internet systems for environmental purchasing.One role of environmental purchasing is to increase the availability of environmentally friendly products to the end consumer, be it companies, public institutions or private consumers. If published, the information that facilitates environmental purchasing may further assist the end consumer in his or her choice of products. Linking environmental purchasing systems with environmental product declarations may form a powerful marketing tool.     

Advancing Environmental Risk Education

This article summarizes views on environmental risk education for youth and identifies some challenges to advancing environmental risk education. It is argued that education--in particular, formal (in-school, structured) education--can play an important role in helping to create an environmental risk-literate society. Recommendations focus on developing a framework of environmental risk education goals and objectives, evaluating environmental risk education efforts, and learning more about how to help youth make informed environmental risk decisions and to prepare them to participate in environmental risk management. It is hoped that this article will encourage greater involvement of risk professionals in environmental risk education efforts and related research.     

Motivations for Environmental Alliances: Generating and Internalizing Environmental and Knowledge Value

Environmental alliances are a common response to societal sustainability demands. In environmental alliances, firms collaboratively exploit and explore environmental technologies to address market opportunities while simultaneously generating positive environmental impacts. A striking idiosyncrasy is that in addition to economic value, environmental alliances generate two types of external value: environmental value from positive effects on air, water, land and biodiversity, and knowledge value from innovations in environmental technologies. Research on motivations for environmental alliances is dispersed and underdeveloped compared to the well‐established literature on motivations for strategic alliances that emphasize economic value. This study therefore develops a classification of motivations for environmental alliances by combining the literature on strategic alliances and that on environmental and knowledge value. The resulting classification includes motivations for environmental alliances to generate environmental and knowledge value as well as motivations to create economic value by internalizing environmental and knowledge value. A systematic review of 123 articles on environmental inter‐firm alliances identifies specific motivations to populate the new classification. We show that alliance partners are motivated to share sustainable resources, reduce sustainability risk, respond to stakeholders or invest in specific sustainable assets to generate external value. They collaborate to reduce costs or enhance competitive advantage, reputation or legitimacy to internalize external value. The resource‐based view, resource‐dependence view, institutional theory and transaction cost economics have not previously distinguished between motivations to generate and internalize external value. We extend their area of application from strategic alliances to environmental alliances, and thus beyond the exclusive pursuit of economic value.