中国汇市与股市间的时变冲击影响研究

股市和汇市的动态关系研究对于宏观金融政策制定和微观投资决策具有重要参考价值.针对金融时间序列长记忆特征,改进Primiceri时变VAR模型(向量自回归模型),给出长记忆动态VAR模型.基于2005年8月1日至2011年10月20日的人民币对美元汇率、中国上证综合指数和美国标普500指数的日价格数据,利用长记忆动态VAR模型实证分析中国汇市与中美股市问的动态冲击影响关系.实证结果表明,人民币汇率和中国股价收益率序列具有长记忆特征,美国股价收益率具有反持续性特征;存在人民币汇率波动对中美股市波动的单向冲击影响关系,且汇市对股市的冲击持续期为7天左右,前3天的冲击影响具有一定的时变特征,但这种时变性具体表现为结构突变特征;人民币汇率波动对于股市冲击影响的时变性在短期与汇率机制改革政策有关,在长期与金融环境剧变有关.     

对冲基金与国际资产价格的波动性传递

金融危机前后对冲基金规模指数、国际商品期货价格指数、标普500指数和油价收益率的波动均呈现异常,对此本文的研究发现:在正常时期对冲基金规模与主要资产收益率的波动均具有平稳性质,对冲基金对于主要资产收益率的变化都有及时的反应;在金融危机前后,上述资产收益率均出现急剧波动,波动性传递呈现突出的非平稳特性;特别是对冲基金对油价收益率具有显著的波动溢出效应,并且对于油价波动的非平稳性具有主要解释能力.由此,代表性资产收益率波动的非平稳特性可以作为危机爆发的警示性指标.     

GARCH类模型波动率预测评价

GARCH类模型已经广泛运用于波动率的预测,但对模型的预测表现进行评价却受到了忽视,其主要原因是缺乏合适的衡量标准。本文首先运用GARCH类模型对上证指数收益率进行了全面的估计及样本外预测,然后以已实现波动率作为波动率预测的评价标准,通过M-Z回归和损失函数来评价GARCH类模型的波动率预测表现。结果表明,无论是样本内还是样本外,GARCH类模型都能够较好的预测上证指数的收益波动率。其中,偏斜t-分布假设下的GJR(1,1)模型的预测能力最强。     

高频视角下股市波动预测的新方法:HARFIMA模型北大核心CSCDCSSCI

异质自回归(heterogeneous autoregressive,HAR)及其拓展模型(统称为HAR-类模型)能够刻画不同类型(期限)交易者的异质性对金融市场未来价格波动的“贡献”程度,在实证研究中备受推崇,并在预测金融市场波动率中取得了较好的效果.研究发现,HAR-类模型虽然能够在一定程度上刻画金融市场中非常重要的长记忆特征,但刻画能力明显比自回归分整移动平均(ARFIMA)模型差.HAR-类模型的主要优势在于对异质性的刻画,而ARFIMA模型的主要优势在于对长记忆性的准确刻画.因此,基于这两个模型各自的优势提出了新的模型:异质自回归分整移动平均(HARFIMA)模型,并对新模型进行了拓展建模,提出HARFIMA-类模型.将HARFIMA-类模型运用于对标普500和上证综指的已实现波动率(RV)的建模和预测发现,HARFIMA-类模型能够更加准确地刻画金融市场的长记忆性,更重要的是样本外的预测能力明显优于其他模型,并且预测结果相当稳健.     

基于贝叶斯Wishart波动模型的原油市场与股市动态相依性研究

针对时变相关系数矩阵在多变量随机波动模型的估计问题,构建了贝叶斯动态相关Wishart波动模型。在CC-MSV模型的基础上,设置精度矩阵服从Wishart分布,使得模型的相关系数矩阵具有时变特征。通过模型的统计结构分析,选择参数先验分布,设计相应的Gibbs-MTM-ARMS混合算法,据此估计模型参数;并利用上证综合指数、标普500指数与原油期货价格数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明：模型能够有效地刻画原油市场与股票市场的动态相依性;金融危机期间,股票市场与原油市场的相关性较强,并且难以判断正负方向;金融危机后,中国股票市场与原油市场呈现极微弱的相关性,而美国股票市场与原油市场的正相关性较为明显。     

经济政策不确定性与我国股市波动率预测研究

股票市场的波动与实体经济走势以及宏观经济政策密切相关.因此,以Baker的经济政策不确定性(economic policy uncertainty,EPU)指数和我国股市代表性的股价指数——上证综指为对象,运用广义自回归条件异方差混频数据抽样(GARCH-MIDAS)模型,分析了经济政策不确定性对上证综指波动率的影响,并运用该模型与常见的多种GARCH族模型进行了样本外波动率预测的对比研究.实证结果表明,EPU指数能够很好地解释我国股市波动的长期成分,并显著改善对上证综指波动率的预测精度;同时,模型信度集合(model confidence set,MCS)检验结果进一步证实,基于混频数据的GARCH-MIDAS模型能显著打败常见的多种GARCH族模型.     

双因子随机条件极差模型及其实证研究

对波动率的建模和估计传统上主要基于由收盘价计算得到的收益率信息,而基于包含更多日内价格变动信息的价格极差对波动率的研究却相对较少.对经典的针对价格极差动态性建模的条件自回归极差(CARR)模型进行扩展,借鉴随机波动率(SV)模型的建模思路,同时考虑波动率的长记忆特征,引入Gamma分布刻画价格极差新息的分布,构建了双因子随机条件极差(2FSCR)模型来描述价格极差的动态性.进一步,基于连续粒子滤波算法,给出了2FSCR模型参数的极大似然估计方法,并通过蒙特卡罗模拟实验表明了该估计方法的有效性.采用上证综合指数(SSE)、深证成份指数(SZSE)、香港恒生指数(HSI)和美国标普500指数(SPX)数据进行了实证研究,结果表明:2FSCR模型相比CARR模型以及单因子的SCR模型都具有更好的数据拟合效果.进一步的模型诊断分析表明,2FSCR模型相比CARR模型和SCR模型能够更好地刻画价格极差新息的尾部分布,能够更充分地捕获波动率的动态特征(时变性、聚集性与长记忆性).采用滚动窗方法对波动率进行预测,利用价格极差与已实现波动率作为比较基准对模型的预测能力进行了比较分析,结果表明:2FSCR模型相比CARR模型和SCR模型都具有更为优越的波动率预测效果.     

高频视角下股市波动预测的新方法: HAＲFIMA 模型

异质自回归(heterogeneous autoregressive,HAＲ) 及其拓展模型(统称为 HAＲ-类模型) 能够刻画不同类型(期限) 交易者的异质性对金融市场未来价格波动的“贡献”程度,在实证研究中备受推崇,并在预测金融市场波动率中取得了较好的效果． 研究发现,HAＲ-类模型虽然能够在一定程度上刻画金融市场中非常重要的长记忆特征,但刻画能力明显比自回归分整移动平均(AＲFIMA) 模型差． HAＲ-类模型的主要优势在于对异质性的刻画,而 AＲFIMA 模型的主要优势在于对长记忆性的准确刻画． 因此,基于这两个模型各自的优势提出了新的模型: 异质自回归分整移动平均(HAＲFIMA) 模型,并对新模型进行了拓展建模,提出 HAＲFIMA-类模型． 将 HAＲFIMA-类模型运用于对标普 500 和上证综指的已实现波动率(ＲV) 的建模和预测发现, HAＲFIMA-类模型能够更加准确地刻画金融市场的长记忆性,更重要的是样本外的预测能力明显优于其他模型,并且预测结果相当稳健．     

上海证券交易所R091国债回购利率行为的描述与分析

通过对上海证券交易所R091国债回购利率建模分析,发现研究期间内利率水平表现出明显的均值回复现象,但其回复速度较慢.在分析比较的3个模型中,考虑了GARCH效应和水平效应的利率波动模型是最优的,无论是样本内还是样本外对利率水平和利率波动的预测能力都很强.     

考虑结构变化和长记忆性的国际原油价格波动率预测研究

原油市场普遍存在结构变化现象，可能会引发原油价格波动率的长记忆性，导致模型参数的有偏估计。为此，本文考虑原油价格波动率的结构变化和长记忆性特征，采用考虑结构断点的GARCH族模型和MMGARCH模型对WTI和Brent油价波动率进行预测建模。结果表明，WTI和Brent油价波动率中确实存在明显的结构变化和长记忆性特征，而能够捕捉这两种特征的GARCH族模型往往比忽略它们的模型取得更好的油价波动率预测效果，特别是，同时动态捕捉结构变化和长记忆性特征的MMGARCH模型对油价波动率的预测性能优于其他相关模型。     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

Defining Spirituality of Work

There is a current surge of writings on spirituality and related topics. For instance, Woodward (1997) has pointed out that since Thomas Moore's publication of Care of the Soul in 1994 there have been nearly 800books published with the word soul in the title. These run all the way from Chicken Soup for theWoman's Soul (Canfield et al., 1996) to A Guide to Liberating YourSoul (Barrett, 1995). Spirituality of work is a big part of this surge. Definitionsof spirituality of work seem to vary widely. Bowman (1998, p. 8) in his `reviewof the phenomenon of spirituality of work' found `Definitions of the term spirituality in the context of the Spirituality of Work troublesome and particularly subjective. Many writers do not even attempt definitions.' The purpose of this article is to review the concept of spirituality of work in its historical and current use and to propose a comprehensive definition.     

A new lease for life? The return of vitalism in management and organization studies

This paper starts from a growing interest in the concept of concern, lived experience or “inhabiting” as part of the so-called “affective turn”. My main argument is that the notion of concern cannot be thought or understood without the concept of life. The concept of life, however, is somewhat of a taboo topic in the social sciences. I hold, nevertheless, that in order to reflect on their assumptions and to define concern for their own studies, scholars need to think about life and make a choice regarding the various approaches that can be taken. I therefore present and compare four vitalist approaches: romanticism and Lebensphilosophie, vitalism as ethos and pathos, neuroecosociality as well as vitalism as becoming.     

Consequences of work-family conflict on employee well-being over time

The effects of work-family conflict on the well-being of a diverse sample of 342 non-professional employees from the greater Los Angeles area were examined. Data were collected at two points in time, and a rigorous research design was employed. The effects of self-report bias were considered by controlling for social desirability bias, and by collecting two sources of data (i.e. self-reports and co-workers reports). The results revealed that work-family conflict predicted employee well-being over and above social desirability bias. In addition, analyses were consistent when both self-reports and co-workers reports were utilized. Finally, work-family conflict was a longitudinal predictor of employee's positive well-being. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were consistent across self-reports and co-worker reports.     

Policy Goals for Health and Safety

Health management and safety regulation are separate disciplines but share the aim to extend expectancy of life in good health. The need to improve cost-effectiveness calls for their co-ordinated management according to a unified rationale. Three guiding principles of accountability, demonstrable net benefit and a uniform measure of performance, have been laid out in Canada by the Joint Committee on Health and Safety. They call for open accounting in terms of (health-related quality-adjusted) life expectancy. The principles are utilitarian in format but, it is argued, inequity is naturally diminished in the process of optimizing cost-effectiveness through maximum marginal returns. Comments are made on practical implementation. The need for public consent in practice calls for two additional principles reflecting fair procedure and sovereignty of the citizens. It is concluded that public health and safety measures should be surveyed, documented for cost-effectiveness and prioritized for improvement.