物流管理优化探讨

<正> 在企业经营国际化的条件下,如何在物流管理中建立战略伙伴,形成联盟,这是现代企业经营者面临的新课题。供应链与供应链管理 供应链是围绕核心企业,通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制,从采购原材料开始,制成中问产品以及最终产品,最后由销售网络把产品送到用户手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构模式。这对物资采购供应部门来说是一种新型的企业结构模式,它包含生产企业、供应商、中间商、用户、二级厂矿等所有加盟的节点企业,     

需求链管理研究

随着电子商务的迅猛发展,企业可以从世界各地低价快速地获得各种生产资源,企业的外部成本大幅度下降.在这种情况下,企业会把自己的全部精力放在争取客户上,企业的需求链成为企业生存的生命线,因此在工业经济时代产生的企业供应链管理必然向需求链管理转变,同时社会化的资源供应网络也会应运而生.详细分析了企业供应链管理向需求链管理转变的必然性及其对全球经济的影响,探讨了需求链管理在互联网上的运行模式,同时还研究了服务链管理--需求链管理中质量管理的新理念.     

基于多目标协商的制造企业供应链管理研究

将多智能体技术应用于制造企业的供应链管理是一种新思想,考虑到在基于Multi-Agent的制造企业供应链系统中,采购Agent与供应商Agent需要就价格、质量、交货期、供货配额等进行协商,本文提出了基于多目标的Multi-Agent之间协商模型,并讨论了协商模型的实现策略,为制造企业供应链的优化管理,实现战略伙伴利益共享和寻求"共赢"提供了参考方案.     

供应链关系质量与企业创新价值链——知识螺旋和供应链整合的作用

本研究针对中国文化背景下的高新技术制造企业,构建供应链关系质量与创新价值链的结构方程模型,并探索知识螺旋中介效应和供应链整合调节效应.研究结果表明,行为过程积极显著影响知识螺旋和创新价值链;交互环境对创新价值链并没有影响作用,但积极显著影响知识螺旋;知识螺旋积极显著影响创新价值链,并在行为过程对创新价值链的影响关系中具有部分中介效应,同时,在交互环境对创新价值链的影响关系中具有完全中介效应;供应链整合正向调节知识螺旋中介效应.     

供应链管理和企业经营模式的演变和互动

市场环境、产品特点等因素在很大程度上决定了企业的经营模式,而与经营模式息息相关的企业管理思想的发展也日新月异。两者在升级、演变过程中既有自身的规律,相互之间也存在某些必然的联系。本文从探索供应链管理和企业生产经营模式的演变过程开始,尝试以集成供应链与备货生产(MTS);虚拟供应链与接单生产(MTO);敏捷供应链与接单设计生产(ETO)3种对应关系为切入点,寻求供应链管理和企业生产经营模式之间的互动关系和最佳搭配,以期从中获得一些有益的启示。     

企业实施绿色供应链管理动力模型研究

随着经济全球化和环境资源问题的日益突出,绿色供应链管理已经逐步成为企业提升国际竞争力的重要战略.但是绿色供应链管理在中国还处于初步阶段,有关其在中国企业中的实施问题还需要进一步的理论研究.为此,以系统动力学为理论基础,建立企业实施绿色供应链管理动力模型,将企业的运营过程分解为动力系统、运营系统和反馈系统;通过分析企业绿色供应链管理过程中压力/动力-实践-绩效之间的关系,对企业实施绿色供应链管理动力机理进行了研究.     

论高校与企业的知识合作机制

高校与企业建立基于知识链的合作关系,通过互补性知识的共享与积累,从而提升整个供应链的核心能力。本文从高校与企业的知识需求与合作的价值分析出发,对高校与企业合作的影响因素及合作机制进行了探讨。     

浅析企业知识供应链自组织发展现状

知识经济是自工业革命以来世界经济增长和全球社会形态的根本性转折。企业要赢得竞争就需要不断进行管理创新、技术创新以及营销创新等知识创新。企业寻求科研院所或高校的协助;而科研院所或高校需要得到企业的帮助,将理论中的结论进行验证,在他们之间形成了知识的流动。当知识范围扩大到中间代理机构时,就形成了知识供应链。知识经济产生了知识供应链,而知识供应链的核心就是知识创新。在企业知识供应链形成与管理过程中,符合自组织机制的特点。因此,研究企业知识供应链的自组织发展现状,对于指导企业进行知识创新具有重要的理论与实际意义。     

产品责任、企业社会责任偏好与供应链中的质量-数量协调

在产品质量和产品数量（订货量）内生化的情形下，同时实现其质量和数量的协调将成为供应链管理的一个重要问题。进一步，在产品低质量对消费者造成伤害的情形下，制造商将面临着产品责任（表征制造商对消费者产品伤害的补偿），从而导致"产品责任如何影响供应链中的质量-数量协调"这一问题。最后，如果核心企业具有对消费者的企业社会责任（CSR）偏好，则这种CSR偏好又如何影响供应链中的质量-数量协调？针对这三个问题，首先，利用批发价合同构建了一个由上游制造商和下游零售商组成的两级供应链运作博弈模型；其次考察了制造商产品责任、CSR偏好程度和质量改进效率对其产品质量决策、批发价合同和相应的供应链节点企业利润的影响；最后，研究了供应链质量-数量协调问题。结果表明：（1）产品责任不影响产品质量、订货量、供应链节点企业经济利润和消费者剩余，但制造商批发价随产品责任的增加而增加；（2）随着CSR偏好程度的增加，产品质量、订货量、零售商经济利润、供应链系统经济利润和消费者剩余随之增加，而制造商经济利润随之减小；（3）质量改进效率的提高，有利于产品质量、订货量、零售商经济利润、供应链系统经济利润和消费者剩余的增加；（4）一个由数量折扣契约和质量改进成本分担契约共同构成的协调机制，可以有效的实现供应链系统的协调，其中，产品责任将促使数量折扣契约中产品批发价的增加和质量改进成本分担比例的减小，而CSR偏好程度的增加将促使数量折扣契约中产品批发价的减小，但不影响质量改进成本分担比例。     

电信运营商的供应链管理

本文结合电信生产的特点提出电信运营产品的供应链基本理论,将电信运营供应链分为以信息和实物为生产对象的主、辅链两部分并进行了对比;在对供应链中各企业的角色进行定位后,结合现状提出了当前电信运营商供应链管理的目标及策略;最后提出该供应链的体系结构模型.     

Quality management in outsourced global fashion supply chains: an exploratory case study

Abstract

Outsourcing production is common in the fashion industry but can lead to quality defects. This paper thus sheds light on how quality is managed in outsourced fashion supply chains. We propose a new trilogy for managing quality control in outsourced fashion supply chains: (1) manufacturer quality assessment, (2) quality management in production and (3) quality inspection and assurance. We implement an exploratory case study methodology. Through a qualitative case study of a leading global Japanese fashion retailer that outsources production mainly to China, we contribute to quality management studies by developing a new quality control trilogy for outsourced supply chains. Our findings can provide fashion retailers with guidance on controlling product quality in outsourced supply chains and developing strategies for improving supply chain performance. We also demonstrate the importance of contract and relationship management, supply chain integration and quality visibility in enhancing product and process quality in outsourced fashion supply chains.     

Decision knowledge sharing: flexible supply chains in KM context

Supply chain excellence has a real impact on business strategy. Building supply chains as flexible systems represents one of the most exciting opportunities to create value and one of the most challenging tasks for the policy makers. It requires integrated decision making amongst autonomous chain partners with effective decision knowledge sharing between them. The key to success lies in knowing which decision has more impact on the overall performance and this can be achieved by appropriate knowledge sharing. In this context, knowledge management (KM) can be used as an effective approach to achieve knowledge sharing and decision synchronisation in supply chains. Flexible supply chains (FSC_s) are more complex and involve multiple autonomous players with varying technical cultures (affects knowledge mindsets), managerial background (affects decision knowledge) and supply chain management (SCM) exposures (affects knowledge sharing attitudes). Thus there is a need to develop demo models that can encourage chain managers towards collaborative knowledge sharing in the supply chains. This paper presents the application of one such model based on decision knowledge sharing (DKS) for improved supply chain management. A simulation model of a flexible supply chain based on DKS framework is developed for demo purposes. The key results are highlighted along with industry implications. The cost based performance of DKS at different levels of flexibility is studied. Thus a careful analysis of the chain with a focus on collaborative decisions is useful to ensure success. This paper addresses this interesting and challenging domain.     

A high-quality-supplier selection model for supply chain management and ISO 9001 system

Supplier selection process for supply chain management (SCM) and ISO 9001 quality management system environments is considered. Determining suitable suppliers in the supply chain has become a key strategic consideration. However, the nature of these decisions is usually complex and unstructured. This paper proposes a high-quality-supplier selection (HQSS) model to deal with supplier selection problems in supply chain management. In selecting a supplier, quality management factors are considered first, and then price, delivery, etc. Quality management factors include a quality management audit, product testing, engineering work force, capability index, training time, etc., based on a five-interval scale. Next, the HQSS model determines the final solution by considering factors such as price, production lead-time, and delivery time.     

A knowledge chain management framework to support integrated decisions in global supply chains

Knowledge management has been identified as a key enabler to achieve organisation’s value chain competitiveness. It, however, has been facing fresh challenges in a global supply chain setting. This paper proposes a global knowledge chain management (GKCM) framework that identifies and prioritises critical knowledge that a global supply chain can focus on to support integrated decisions. The framework explores three types of global context knowledge, namely global market knowledge, global capacity knowledge and global supply network configuration knowledge. Empirical study has been undertaken within the manufacturing industry to evaluate the GKCM framework. Analytic network process has been explored as a key method to assess the importance of the global knowledge constructs from supply chain managers’ perspectives. A key contribution of the paper is that it advances existing knowledge chain management approaches within one organisation and its local supply chain to include the global context knowledge applicable to global manufacturing settings, and highlights how the GKCM framework can support global supply chain integrated decisions.     

Supply Chain Management: Relationships, Chains and Networks

The term supply chain management is used to represent a variety of different meanings, some related to management processes, others to structural organization of businesses. This paper identifies and discusses various definitions of supply chain management, summarizes the associated bodies of knowledge and connects them using a systems approach. Systems levels of supply chain management are identified as the internal supply chain, the dyadic relationship, the external supply chain and the inter-business network.
Empirical research on behavioural aspects of relationships, chains and networks in the European automotive aftermarket is discussed, identifying gaps in perceptions of requirements and performance held by customers and suppliers in the areas of quality, delivery, service, range and price. A combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis demonstrates substantial differences between approaches to supply chain management, though performance in relationships, chains and networks in the territories examined does not differ significantly.
Customer dissatisfaction in relationships is shown to increase upstream in the supply chains examined, extending the applicability of the industrial dynamics 'Forrester effect' to softer, behavioural aspects of performance. Conclusions are drawn supporting the suggestions of operations strategists that position in the supply chain is an important strategic variable which, to date, have not been comprehensively proven empirically.     

基于上游成员的机会成本和消费者偏好的供应链产品策略

基于对上游成员的机会成本和消费者在质量偏好上的异质性的考虑，本文研究中心化和由一零售商与一制造商（供应商）组成的分散化供应链在质量和数量上的最优产品策略。通过构建问题的理论模型及分析，分别获得最优解和博弈均衡解。进而利用灵敏度分析和算例讨论了消费者对质量偏好的异质性和上游成员的机会成本对供应链的产品策略、供应链的利润和消费者剩余的影响。研究发现：当边际质量成本较低时，供应链产品策略应主要考虑满足大众需求；而当边际质量成本和消费者对质量偏好的异质性程度都较高时，供应链只需考虑部分高质量敏感的消费者；当消费者对质量的平均偏好水平较低，边际质量成本较高和顾客需求趋于同质时，产品应考虑退出市场；此外，成员的权利均衡有助于完善供应链利润和社会福利，而零售商的强势帮助消费者培育和提高产品质量。最后，占据先动优势的一方在利润分配时基本上占上风。     

工期-质量协调均衡的项目导向型供应链跨组织激励

在假定项目型组织之间平等合作的基础上,从项目价值增值最大化角度,考虑工期-质量目标努力成本关系,构建并剖析工期-质量协调均衡的项目导向型供应链跨组织激励模型,并对模型进行数据模拟和算例分析。结果表明,不论工期-质量目标间努力成本是否存在线性关系,以调整不同控制目标的激励强度为协调手段,实施工期-质量协调激励策略不仅可实现项目导向型供应链项目价值增值的最大化,而且可实现合作双方净收益的帕累托改善,进而使得承包商在工期-质量目标上合理分配资源和努力水平,实现项目工期-质量目标间的协调均衡。     

创新支点还是保守枷锁：绿色供应链管理实践如何撬动企业绩效？

现有研究表明,绿色供应链管理实践和绿色创新均对企业绩效产生显著影响,但缺乏对上述三者内部关系的深入阐释。本文基于知识基础观,从动态开放视角分别引入双元知识搜索和绿色社会资本两个变量,构建三阶调节中介效应模型,探究企业绿色供应链管理实践对绿色创新和企业绩效之间深层次的作用机制。研究结果显示：绿色供应链管理实践撬动企业绩效增长的关键在于绿色创新在两者之间发挥中介作用;同时依赖于双元知识搜索对该中介作用的调节效应,且上述双元知识搜索的调节效应受绿色社会资本的再次正向调节。本文从理论上延伸了绿色供应链管理研究范畴;从实践上为企业从绿色供应链管理实践中获益提供借鉴和指导。     

突发性产出下的供应链协调应对策略

针对突发事件影响制造商产出的情形，研究了收益共享契约协调应对突发产出事件的有效性问题。首先论证了无突发产出事件时收益共享契约协调供应链的有效性，进而分析了突发产出事件对供应链最优生产计划、定价决策、绩效和协调性的影响。然后，建立了突发产出事件下的收益共享契约协调应对模型，并对原收益共享契约和修正后的收益共享契约进行了对比分析。研究表明：当突发产出事件导致产出扰动范围较小时，供应链的最优生产计划、批发价格和零售价格几乎保持不变，仅当产出扰动范围较大时，三者才需要同时调整，此时原供应链的协调性也将被打破，而修正后的收益共享契约具有良好的抗突发性。最后，通过算例进行了验证。     

A note on supply risk and inventory outsourcing

To fully accommodate the correlations between semiconductor product demands and external information such as the end market trends or regional economy growth, a linear dynamic system is introduced in this paper to improve the forecasting performance in supply chain operations. In conjunction with the generic Gaussian noise assumptions, the proposed state-space model leads to an expectation-maximisation (EM) algorithm to estimate model parameters and predict production demands. When the dimension of external indicators is high, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to reduce the model order and corresponding computational complexity without loss of substantial statistical information. Experimental study on some real electronic products demonstrates that this forecasting methodology produces more accurate predictions than other conventional approaches, which thereby helps improve the production planning and the quality of semiconductor supply chain management.