投资组合风险管理中VaR模型的缺陷以及CVaR模型研究

本文对VaR和CVaR这两个风险度量进行了较充分的比较分析,参照了我国证券市场的实际情况,并考虑了交易成本,实际收益率的计算以及最小交易单位等因素,建立了CVaR资产组合优化模型,为如何制定合理的资产组合投资方案提出了新的思路.     

基于Copula的资产组合风险价值模拟方法

文章以VaR或CVaR作为度量风险的指标,建立了一种基于Copula函数的资产组合风险价值模拟方法,并对该方法的参数估计和计算过程进行了详细分析.     

投资组合动态VaR风险度量

投资组合的VaR风险度量依赖于投资组合中金融资产间联合分布函数的确定，随着投资组合规模的扩大，其VaR的计算难度也不断加大。利用ICA可以将多元联合概率分布函数转化为一元概率分布函数乘积实现简化计算的特点，基于ICA的投资组合动态VaR风险度量方法和计算步骤，克服了多元非正态条件下VaR测算上的困难。实证研究表明，与EWMA模型法、MGARCH模型法相比，ICA法能够准确地度量投资组合动态VaR。     

金融风险度量VaR与CVaR方法的比较研究及应用

风险价值(VaR)是近年来受到国际金融界的广泛支持和认可的一种度量金融风险的工具。文章指出了风险价值(VaR)模型两个重大的缺陷,并对它和条件风险价值(CVaR)金融风险度量模型进行了详细的介绍和对比分析,给出了它们的共同点和CVaR在投资组合应用中的优势,结合中国金融市场的实际情况,指出CvaR在中国金融市场中应用应注意的问题,对其应用前景提出了新的思路。     

基于CVaR风险度量的投资组合优化决策

投资组合优化问题依赖于风险度量方法和投资组合收益率分布函数的选取。针对收益率通常不服从多元正态分布以及均值—方差模型低估了投资组合发生重大损失的风险,文章利用多元广义双曲线分布来拟合投资组合收益率,从而更加灵活地捕捉收益率数据的偏态和尖峰厚尾特征;使用CVaR代替方差和VaR来度量金融资产重大损失风险,进而建立均值—CVaR投资优化模型。实证研究结果表明,相对于均值—方差模型,均值—CVaR能够更好地反映投资组合收益率分布,提高投资者控制投资风险的能力。     

资产数量减少情形下CVaR投资组合的灵敏度分析

文章基于CVaR的风险度量技术,考察了当投资组合的资产数量减少时投资组合的均值-CVaR有效边缘,探究了其经济含义,并与方差风险下的均值-方差边界进行了对比研究。我们发现,使用CVaR风险度量标准可以使投资者在资产选择时更加稳健,同时也有利于对风险进行分散和监管。     

资产数量减少情形下CVaR投资组台的灵敏度分析

文章基于CVaR的风险度量技术,考察了当投资组合的资产数量减少时投资组合的均值-CVaR有效边缘,探究了其经济含义,并与方差风险下的均值-方差边界进行了对比研究.我们发现,使用CVaR风险度量标准可以使投资者在资产选择时更加稳健,同时也有利于对风险进行分散和监管.     

均值-CVaR投资组合有效边缘的灵敏度分析

文章基于CVaR的风险度量技术,考察了当投资组合的资产数量增加时投资组合的均值-CVaR有效边缘.探究了其经济含义,并与方差风险下的均值一方差边界进行了对比研究.可以发现,使用CVaR风险度量标准可以使投资者在资产选择时更加稳健,同时也有利于对风险进行分散和监管.     

VaR的不同计算方法的研究

风险价值(VaR)是近年来金融机构广泛运用的风险度量指标。文章研究了VaR的各种计算方法,并利用实际数据对单个资产和投资组合的VaR值作了比较,说明了各种方法的优缺点和适用范围。     

基于阈交理论的投资组合风险度量

风险控制已经成为投资管理的重要内容,如何对投资组合进行风险度量一直是研究的热点.文章在极值理论的基础上,建立了用于计算投资组合最大亏损事件概率的阈交方法.通过对上证指数的历史数据进行经验研究,发现该方法能很好地度量我国证券资产的实际风险程度.该方法弥补了传统风险工具VaR的不足,有助于投资者更好的进行风险控制.     

基于尾部指数回归方法的CVaR估计以及实证研究

 在险价值VaR是一种非常重要的金融风险度量方法,近期也有很多关于动态VaR以及条件VaR (CVaR) 等方面的研究。根据金融资产的收益率具有重尾特征这一事实,本文假定金融资产收益率服从重尾分布,并假定重尾分布的尾部指数随着收益率发生变化。本文基于尾部指数回归模型对重尾分布的尾部指数进行估计,进而得到收益率尾部数据所服从的条件分布,并首次运用该方法对条件VaR进行估计。本文对沪深300指数进行了实证研究,得到CVaR的估计,并对估计得到的CVaR的预测效果作出检验,并与传统VaR估计方法进行了对比,实证结果发现本文的方法的预测效果更好。     

基于Pearson Ⅳ分布的VaR与CVaR估计

基于GARCH模型,用Pearson Ⅳ分布拟合标准残差,给出一种更为精确的VaR和CVaR计算方法.重点研究在Norm-GARCH、t-GARCH与GED-GARCH模型下,用原分布和Pearson Ⅳ分布计算VaR的比较,结果表明,用Pearson Ⅳ分布计算VaR都能得到比原分布更小的失败率,且在三种模型之下用Pearson Ⅳ分布计算VaR结果很接近,都能通过检验,所以选择最简单的Norm-GARCH模型就可以;基于此,研究在Norm-GARCH模型下,用正态分布和Pearson Ⅳ分布计算CVaR,并与VaR进行比较,结果表明,用Pearson Ⅳ分布计算VaR和CVaR的失败率都远远小于由正态分布所得到的失败率,特别在VaR估计失效的交易日里,用Pearson Ⅳ分布得到的CVaR均值与实际损失均值非常接近.因此,Pearson Ⅳ分布能很好地刻画金融数据的特征,相对其他分布而言是一个很好的选择.     

Production Frontiers and Panel Data

Value at risk (VaR) is the standard measure of market risk used by financial institutions. Interpreting the VaR as the quantile of future portfolio values conditional on current information, the conditional autoregressive value at risk (CAViaR) model specifies the evolution of the quantile over time using an autoregressive process and estimates the parameters with regression quantiles. Utilizing the criterion that each period the probability of exceeding the VaR must be independent of all the past information, we introduce a new test of model adequacy, the dynamic quantile test. Applications to real data provide empirical support to this methodology.     

CVaR-EVT和BMM在极端金融风险管理中的应用研究

随着风险度量一致性原则的提出,研究发现金融机构广泛采用的VaR模型存在严重不足,尤其针对分布具有厚尾特征的极端金融风险无法有效度量。本文采用极值理论（EVT）解决VaR方法的尾部度量不足问题,利用CVaR-EVT和BMM模型分析美国、香港股票市场和我国沪深两市指数18年的日收益数据,研究发现：（1）在95％置信区间及点估计中,分位数为99%的CVaR-EVT所揭示的极端风险优于VaR的估计值;且BMM方法为实施长期极端风险管理提供了有力决策依据,其回报率受分段时区的影响,期间越长,风险估计值越高;（2）模型采用ML和BS方法统计估值显示,我国股票市场极端风险尾部估计值高于香港和美国市场;但是,国内市场逐步稳定,并呈现出跟进国际市场且差距缩小的发展趋势。     

How risky is the optimal portfolio which maximizes the Sharpe ratio?

In this paper, we investigate the properties of the optimal portfolio in the sense of maximizing the Sharpe ratio (SR) and develop a procedure for the calculation of the risk of this portfolio. This is achieved by constructing an optimal portfolio which minimizes the Value-at-Risk (VaR) and at the same time coincides with the tangent (market) portfolio on the efficient frontier which is related to the SR portfolio. The resulting significance level of the minimum VaR portfolio is then used to determine the risk of both the market portfolio and the corresponding SR portfolio. However, the expression of this significance level depends on the unknown parameters which have to be estimated in practice. It leads to an estimator of the significance level whose distributional properties are investigated in detail. Based on these results, a confidence interval for the suggested risk measure of the SR portfolio is constructed and applied to real data. Both theoretical and empirical findings document that the SR portfolio is very risky since the corresponding significance level is smaller than 90 % in most of the considered cases.     

基于可信性理论的Mean-CVaR投资组合优化

选取CVaR作为风险度量指标,在可信性理论的基础上构建Mean-CVaR投资组合模型,采用Markov过程预测作为模糊变量的预期投资收益率,并设计基于模糊模拟和遗传算法的混合智能算法以求解;选取上证50成份股2013—2014年的日度历史交易数据,将该模型应用到中国证券市场,结果发现该投资组合模型与中国证券市场的环境具有一定的适应性,能够为投资者的投资决策提供依据。     

A dynamic double asymmetric copula generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model: application to China's and US stock market

Modeling the relationship between multiple financial markets has had a great deal of attention in both literature and real-life applications. One state-of-the-art technique is that the individual financial market is modeled by generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) process, while market dependence is modeled by copula, e.g. dynamic asymmetric copula-GARCH. As an extension, we propose a dynamic double asymmetric copula (DDAC)-GARCH model to allow for the joint asymmetry caused by the negative shocks as well as by the copula model. Furthermore, our model adopts a more intuitive way of constructing the sample correlation matrix. Our new model yet satisfies the positive-definite condition as found in dynamic conditional correlation-GARCH and constant conditional correlation-GARCH models. The simulation study shows the performance of the maximum likelihood estimate for DDAC-GARCH model. As a case study, we apply this model to examine the dependence between China and US stock markets since 1990s. We conduct a series of likelihood ratio test tests that demonstrate our extension (dynamic double joint asymmetry) is adequate in dynamic dependence modeling. Also, we propose a simulation method involving the DDAC-GARCH model to estimate value at risk (VaR) of a portfolio. Our study shows that the proposed method depicts VaR much better than well-established variance–covariance method.     

中国股指收益率的非对称拉普拉斯分布实证检验

应用非对称拉普拉斯分布拟合沪深两市股指日、周收益率数据。研究结果表明:非对称拉普拉斯分布能够比正态分布更好地反映两市股指的日、周收益率数据的尖峰、厚尾、偏态特征。由于非对称拉普拉斯分布有显性的表达式,便于开展参数估计和数字特征的计算,因此对于股指期货投资者而言,在计算股指收益率的VaR、CVaR进行风险测量时,采用非对称拉普拉斯分布将是较好的选择。     

Adjusted empirical likelihood for value at risk and expected shortfall

Value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) are widely used risk measures of the risk of loss on a specific portfolio of financial assets. Adjusted empirical likelihood (AEL) is an important non parametric likelihood method which is developed from empirical likelihood (EL). It can overcome the limitation of convex hull problems in EL. In this paper, we use AEL method to estimate confidence region for VaR and ES. Theoretically, we find that AEL has the same large sample statistical properties as EL, and guarantees solution to the estimating equations in EL. In addition, simulation results indicate that the coverage probabilities of the new confidence regions are higher than that of the original EL with the same level. These results show that the AEL estimation for VaR and ES deserves to recommend for the real applications.