女性健康风险冲击对配偶劳动供给的影响研究

不可预期的疾病是45岁以上中老年劳动者经常面临的健康风险冲击.个体的健康风险冲击将会对配偶的劳动供给行为带来两个方面的影响,一是配偶为了照护患病个体将会减少劳动供给;二是因患病消费增加,收入减少,配偶将会增加劳动供给.本文采用中国健康和养老追踪调查2011-2018纵向调查数据实证检验这两方面的效应.本文研究发现当女性...     

甘肃省人口婚姻意愿调查分析

本文利用问卷调查数据,分析了甘肃省居民婚姻意愿现状,主要对择偶标准、期望初婚年龄、期望夫妻年龄差和期望婚居模式四个方面进行分析。调查发现,甘肃男性择偶时较看重身体健康,甘肃女性择偶时较看重经济收入;甘肃居民的平均初婚年龄逐步提高;绝大多数居民期望婚姻中丈夫的年龄大于妻子,且倾向于男大于女1-2岁;从夫居和独立居住是普遍接受的婚居模式。虽然现代婚姻观对甘肃居民有一定影响,但是这里的婚姻观仍较传统。     

新生代农民工择偶标准及影响因素分析

新生代农民工择偶标准正处于传统到现代的转变过程,表现出高标准和多元化趋势。从影响因素来看,男性择偶标准高于女性;家庭背景对择偶标准的影响在减弱;流动经历、城市融人促进了新生代农民工择偶标准从传统到现代的转变;但大众传媒却对新生代农民工择偶标准造成了一定的负面影响。     

两性择偶标准的差异研究

通过1989-1999年十年间《女友》杂志中的征婚启事,本文对我国男性和女性的择偶标准的进行了分析。结果表明,女性和男性的择偶标准存在着很大差异:和男性相比,女性在择偶时更重视对方的经济条件、职业及生活地区等方面。而男性对女方外貌性格等方面的要求比较多,他们选择妻     

第一代独生子女择偶观初探

第一代独生子女群体与非独生子女群体在择偶观方面差异不太明显,＂道德品质＂成为择偶的首选标准,择偶的自主性上体现了中庸之道,＂男大女小＂和＂男女差不多＂是择偶的最佳年龄组和方式,＂趋同与求强＂是择偶的最优能力组合方式,＂自由恋爱＂的择偶方式备受青睐。第一代独生子女群体的择偶观总体体现了＂扬＂与＂弃＂的统一,其中内部各群体的择偶观体现了相似性和差异性的统一。     

教育投入与社会保障对城乡收入差距的联合影响

当前城乡收入差距扩大化趋势引起广泛关注。文章使用世代交叠模型研究公共教育和社会保障对收入分配的作用机制,在此基础上分析公共教育和社会保障对城乡收入差距的影响。研究发现,公共教育通过作用于教育投资、社会保障通过作用于有效家庭时间共同影响人力资本积累从而影响收入。一方面,数值模拟结果显示公共教育和社会保障的增加能够显著地增加收入;另一方面,结合中国城乡实际的实证研究结果显示,本应该起到调节和缩小城乡收入差距的公共教育和社会保障制度,并没有发挥其收入再分配的功能,反而形成了"逆向调节"的负效应,扩大了城乡收入差距,对此,文章通过理论与实证得出,缩小我国城乡人均教育投资和社会保障税率差距对缩小城乡收入差距具有重要的现实意义。     

流动妇女的婚姻家庭状况及其影响因素研究——以湖南省为例

婚姻家庭的稳定是保障流动妇女身心健康、维护社会有序运行的必要条件。在流动妇女城市适应的过程中,流入地的新事物和新理念不断地冲击着这一群体的传统价值观与婚姻观,对其婚姻状况有着持续而长远的影响。本文基于2010年第三期中国妇女社会地位抽样调查(湖南)数据,通过规范化的实证分析探讨流动妇女的择偶标准、生育行为和家庭关系,以期较为客观、系统地反映流动妇女的婚姻状况及其影响因素。     

流动人口的择偶模式及其影响因素——以厦门市流动人口为例

利用“厦门市流动人口婚姻家庭抽样调查”的数据,描述流动人口择偶模式的主要特征,对流入厦门的流动人口的择偶意愿、目的、时间、标准以及途径等进行多元回归分析,在此基础上提出优化流动人口择偶模式的对策建议。分析结果表明,流动人口在对择偶模式的选择和实践上越来越重视自身的需要和体验;在各种假想的影响因素中,教育、性别和年龄的作用最大,流出的时间和收入水平的影响却相对比较微弱。     

我国农村居民健康人力资本对其非农就业收入影响的实证研究

本文采用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010和2012年的数据,建构自我健康评价、体质指数BMI和近期的身体状况作为我国农村居民健康人力资本度量指标,研究健康人力资本对我国农村居民非农就业及其非农就业收入的影响。本文选择赫克曼两阶段模型进行实证研究,该方法在一定程度上克服了观测数据所带来的自选择问题,实证结果发现良好的健康状况对我国农村居民参与非农就业和获取非农就业收入具有显著正向影响,健康人力资本对我国农村居民非农就业和非农就业收入具有显著性别差异,对农村男性居民非农就业和非农就业收入的正向影响更为显著,年龄、婚姻、教育、户籍等其他控制变量也对我国农村居民非农就业及其非农就业收入产生了显著影响。     

教育扩张对大学毕业生收入的影响——基于断点回归设计分析

本文使用2012年"中国劳动力动态调查"数据②,基于断点回归方法评估高等教育扩招政策对收入的影响.本文的实证研究主要发现扩招政策对不同收入群体的影响不同,对低收入群体并无显著影响,但显著提高了高收入群体的收入,说明扩招促使高收入群体的高等教育收益高于低收入群体,这表明在一定程度上高等教育扩招政策并不利于社会公平,可能会造成居民收入差距进一步扩大.     

与收入相关的老人健康不平等及其分解——基于中国城镇和农村的经验研究

本文使用“中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查”（CLHLS）数据，测度了中国老人健康不平等程度，重点计算了收入、婚姻状况、居住安排等因素对健康不平等的贡献。回归基础上的集中系数及其分解结果显示：我国存在亲富人的健康不平等，高收入人群的健康状况更好；城镇地区，健康不平等主要的贡献因素为收入、婚姻状况、医疗保险、经常锻炼，居住安排对健康不平等的贡献为负。农村地区，收入因素对于健康不平等的贡献最大，这就意味着消除农村健康不平等的关键是要降低收入不平等。在城镇和农村地区医疗保险的不平等程度更甚，进一步强化了健康不平等。因此如果政策想要降低健康不平等，首先要降低穷人获得医疗保险的经济门槛，增加医疗保健服务的可及性。     

Conceptualizing and Validating Marital Quality in Beijing: A Pilot Study

Since the inception of the economic reform, marital relationship in urban China has undergone dramatic transformations. Though the burgeoning body of scholarly research has demonstrated that marital quality has increasingly become an important aspect of family life among married persons in urban China, both the conceptualization and measurement of marital quality remain underdeveloped. The purpose of this pilot study is to develop and validate a comprehensive and culturally appropriate marital quality scale, namely the Chinese Marital Quality Scale (CMQS). Results from the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted on a sample of 387 married persons from Beijing indicate that the CMQS can be conceptualized as a two-factorial and multidimensional construct, encompassing marital happiness, marital interaction, marital disagreement, marital problem, and marital instability. Additional statistical analyses also indicate that the CMQS has exhibited satisfactory reliability and concurrent validity. It is thus concluded that the CMQS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure marital quality in contemporary Beijing and possibly in other Chinese cities.     

中国妇女婚姻状态及其影响因素分析

利用 1997年全国人口与生殖健康调查数据 ,分析影响妇女婚姻状态的社会经济因素 ,并通过多元回归模型 ,在有统计控制的条件下 ,检验各社会经济因素对婚姻状态影响的显著性。结果表明 ,居住地、民族、教育程度、收入和地区各因素都有对婚姻状态独立而显著的影响。其中地区的影响最大 ,而其他因素没有系统性模式。对于收入、民族和地区的影响 ,在以往的研究中没有确立它们与婚姻状态的关系     

Measuring the concept of marital quality as social indicators in urban China

The research reported in this article examines the theoretical and empirical dimensionality of marital quality in urban Chinese marriages. Using survey data from the People's Republic of China, the author carried out a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Results revealed that the quality of urban Chinese Marriages can be conceptualized as a two-factorial and multidimensional construct. To further validate and generalize this conceptualization, the very same CFA models were tested in both arranged and free choice marriages. The finding indicated that marital quality can be indeed measured by marital interaction, marital satisfaction, marital disagreement, marital problem, and marital instability indicators. This result is consistent with the marital quality literature in the United States.     

Black-White Disparities in Life Expectancy: How Much Can the Standard SES Variables Explain?

This article quantifies the extent to which socioeconomic and demographic characteristics can account for black-white disparities in life expectancy in the United States. Although many studies have investigated the linkages between race, socioeconomic status, and mortality, this article is the first to measure how much of the life expectancy gap remains after differences in mortality are purged of the compositional differences in socioeconomic characteristics between blacks and whites. The decomposition is facilitated by a reweighting technique that creates counterfactual estimation samples in which the distribution of income, education, employment and occupation, marital status, and other theoretically relevant variables among blacks is made to match the distribution of these variables among whites. For males, 80% of the black-white gap in life expectancy at age 1 can be accounted for by differences in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. For females, 70% percent of the gap is accounted for. Labor force participation, occupation, and (among women only) marital status have almost no additional power to explain the black-white disparity in life expectancy after precise measures for income and education are controlled for.     

收入水平、收入结构与中国农村妇女生育意愿——基于CHNS数据的实证分析

利用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）2006年的数据，本文采用负二项回归方法考察了农村经济发展带来的收入水平和收入结构的变化对妇女生育意愿的影响。结果表明，当加入收入结构变量后，家庭持久总收入对妇女期望孩子数的负向影响显著地降低，而且相比于收入水平，收入结构在妇女的生育意愿中扮演着更为重要的角色。因而在未来人口政策的制定过程中，除了不断强调提高农民收入外，也要进一步采取各种措施促进我国农村劳动力的转移，提高农民的非农收入比重，这对于农村生育意愿的转变至关重要。     

Economics and Well-Being of Older Divorced Persons

The purpose of this research was to compare gender differences in postdivorce cconomic factors and in the well-being of older persons who were in long-term marital relationships. Although more women were depressed, overall there were no significant gender differences in postdivorce adjustment. Data suggest present income is the best predictor of well-being for both genders, and reliance on types of gender related income have a negative impact on women. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for structural changes, policy modifications, and direct practice issues.     

我国男性的婚姻溢酬——基于内生选择性模型的分析

本文利用2008年的RUMiC（中印农民工调查数据）构造内生选择模型分析我国男性的婚姻溢酬。OI．S结果显示,控制个人特征和单位特征后,已婚男性的工资大于未婚男性的工资,婚姻溢酬为O．360。控制了婚姻选择性和妻子工作时间内生性后,使用Hekman两步法对此分析后发现婚姻溢酬更大一些,达到了O．523;这表明我国男性的婚姻溢酬不能简单归因于选择性假说,即已婚男性比未婚男性拥有更高的不可观测的生产力。进一步的研究发现,我国男性的婚姻溢酬可以用生产力假说中的家庭内部分工理论来解释,OLS和Heckman两步法的回归结果均表明,我国男性的婚姻溢酬随妻子的工作时间上升而下降。     

The effects of income level,income distribution,education and urbanization on fertility rates among 28 administrative regions of China

Conflicting empirical evidence on the role of income distribution on fertility rates is the impetus for this 1982 study of providence-specific Chinese Census data, excluding Tibet. The findings support the prior thesis of Repetto but utilize the micromethods and per household income measures of the competing findings of Boulier. It is cautioned that in the Chinese analysis equal income distribution depresses fertility, but China may not reflect world wide patterns. China did not have until recently a market incentive system, and there are income measurement problems. The data are per capita economic output not per capita income, and those high output areas which did not produce low fertility may actually have had households with low incomes. The importance of this research is in establishing that cross-province data are a useful tool in understanding the influence of income distribution on fertility. As with most developing countries, women's education, for instance, at least junior high education explained the largest variation of fertility differences among the 28 provinces. The urbanization variable when controlling for income was positive, unlike the other developing countries. The 1949 Chinese government's spatial industrial policy encouraged urbanization and industrialization in rural areas and family planning programs such that highly urbanized provinces have low population density. A variety of variables on income level, income distribution, education, and urbanization are discussed. OLSQ regressions were generated utilizing such independent variables as output per capita in yuan (YOUTHPC80), the square of YOUTHPC80 (YOUTHPC802), YOUTHPC80 multiplied by the average family size in each province (YOUTHPH80), and the squared value of YOUTHPH80.     

我国城市居民的收入水平对其婚姻状况的影响——以广西的抽样调查为例

在调查资料的基础上，本文通过SPSS统计软件对“月平均收入”和“婚姻状况”两个变量进行列联分析，验证了三个研究假设：第一。城市居民的不同收入水平与其婚姻状况是显著相关的，但两者的相关度不高（λ=0．147）。第二。高收入者比低收入者更倾向于未婚，但是高收入者的离婚率比低收入者的离婚率更低。第三，城市居民的收入水平对其婚姻状况的影响会因为性别的不同而有所不同。时于男性而言，收入水平时其婚姻状况的影响更大；而对于女性而言．收入水平时其婚姻状况的影响更小．