服务业青年女性农民工日常工作研究

工作对劳动者意味着什么?这是劳工研究的基本议题.本文以成都市一家酒楼为个案,全面考察了该酒楼女性服务员的日常工作和生活状况,着力回答工作之于这些青年女性农民工的意义.笔者认为,进城打工被新生代农民工视为人生的必经阶段,底层服务业的工作是他们转换自我的平台.具有改造合格劳动力、催化劳动者社会成人和支撑劳动者未来生活规划的三重意义.本文对工作意义的探讨拓展了学界对劳动的社会、文化意义的理解.而未来社会农民工问题与服务业发展的结构性交会将展示出服务业农民工劳动研究重大的理论和现实意义.     

照护中的性/别身体:边界的协商与挑战

照护作为一项亲密劳动,包含大量情感劳动以及身体工作.本文基于养老院的民族志研究,考察了围绕性/别身体的照护实践、情感经验和日常互动.一方面,身体的亲密接触往往造成强烈的羞耻和肮脏感,而护理员们通过多重划界策略在一定程度上实现了"性/别身体"与"工作身体"的分离,自发建立起照护的专业脚本和工作伦理.另一方面,专业性的界线也可能在长期的互动中遭遇挑战和瓦解,这一过程伴随着厌恶、惊奇、愉快等复杂流变的情感.性/别与衰老、失能身体之间的复杂交织也形塑了护理员和老年住民之间的另类亲密性,有助于我们在当前主流的性与性别规范性论述之外拓展新的理解.     

专家教你如何签订无固定期限劳动合同3

视为"用人单位与劳动者已订立无固定期限劳动合同"的情形有哪些? <劳动合同法>第14条第3款规定,用人单位自用工之日起满一年不与劳动者订立书面劳动合同的,视为用人单位与劳动者已订立无固定期限劳动合同.     

粉丝情感劳动的组织化运作——基于A明星全国后援会的剖析

从商业经济到社会公益,粉丝社群呈现的超强行动力和影响力引发社会和学界的关注。既有研究往往将粉丝社区、社群、组织等概念混为一谈,从个体意见领袖或社群外部的视角解读粉丝的情感劳动,一定程度上忽视了组织视角的情感劳动过程。因此,基于对A明星全国粉丝后援会的参与式观察和深度访谈,研究发现,在媒介、政策、文化等变迁中,后援会管理层与成员通过文化资本、情感等因素的交互架构生成了“饭圈”的组织化运作。一方面,管理层为促使粉丝情感劳动组织化,发展出圈层化、规范化、制度化三种整合策略;另一方面,成员通过自我进化、关系建构、反叛三种策略表现出对后援会的迎合或抵抗。深入挖掘粉丝组织内部的运转与劳动过程,不仅可以深入理解数字时代青年亚文化社群的组织实践,为“饭圈”乱象治理提供新的思路,也对虚拟组织的运转和维系具有重要借鉴意义。     

劳动尊严权的法律保障研究

在劳动关系领域,劳动尊严权的提出是对以人为本的科学发展观的落实。本文论述了劳动尊严权在我国现有法律框架内与现行法的衔接与整合,包括总括性规定和专门规定,即在《劳动法》中增加有关反对职场性骚扰的条款;完善劳动者隐私权保护;完善劳动尊严权救济方面的法律制度。     

用人单位竞业禁止三大注意事项

我国劳动合同法第二十三条、第二十四条、第九十条规定,用人单位与劳动者可以在劳动合同中约定保守用人单位的商业秘密和与知识产权相关的保密事项.对负有保密义务的劳动者在从业期间和在解除或终止劳动关系后必须遵守劳动合同约定的竞业禁止条款,保守原用人单位的商业秘密以及与知识产权相关的其他保密事项,否则,劳动者将承担违约责任,给用人单位造成损失的,还要承担赔偿责任.但从法律规定看,我国劳动合同法对竞业禁止制度的适用进行了严格限制和制约.     

浅议企业劳动争议预防机制的建立

企业劳动争议预防机制是未来提高企业运行效率,保障劳动者合法权益的重要措施.文中分析了企业劳动正与预防机制建立的途径,主要包括:推进劳动合同制度的建立,促进企业用工正规化发展;加强宣传力度,促进企业认真执行和落实相关劳动法律;进一步发挥工会作用,完善企业内部调节机制.     

全球化时代的后发展国家:国家认同遭遇“去中心化”

冷战结束后,国际社会并不平静,许多尚未完成民族国家建构的后发展国家,在融入全球社会的过程中,面临着“去中心化”的挑战,国家认同出现重大危机,严重威胁国家安全。“认同”是社会研究中的基本概念之一,指“我者:与“他者”联结为一体的心理过程,即认为自我具有从属于某个群体的身份。无论是对具有情感的个人,还是作为文化载体的群体来说,正是这种对身份的确认(认同)将“我者”与“他者”区别开来。     

转化性成长:劳动家庭子女学业成功的密码——基于家长参与的视角

家长参与在家庭资本影响学生学业成就获得的过程中发挥着重要的中介作用,家庭资本占有量的不同会外显为家长参与方式的差异。对6名取得学业成功的劳动家庭大学生进行深度访谈后发现:劳动家庭家长的参与方式具有"以乡村观念为底色,以城市渲染为呈现"的二重性。因文化资本和社会资本匮乏导致的家长参与方式不利于帮助子女取得教育优势,但经济资本和情感资本的相对丰富在一定程度上使子女获得了较高的先赋性资本。劳动家庭子女依靠自身强大的"转化能力",能够将家庭内外的资源有效地结合起来,批判性地获取和创造性地建构有利于学业成功的后生性文化资本,把自己从家庭资本的被动接纳者"转化"为文化资本的主动建构者,进而取得学业成功。     

马克思恩格斯劳动理论视域下数字劳动内涵辨析

虽然数字劳动是一个学术前沿焦点,但是在国内外有部分学者指出其概念内涵存在着界定不明的问题。从劳动的发展性与目的性看,在自由休闲时间玩游戏、上网等所谓用户无报酬劳动并不是数字劳动,而是数字活动。从数字劳动的技术组织形式与社会组织形式看,数字活动并不是创造价值的生产劳动,不是所有在数字平台上或与数字产业链相关的劳动都是数字劳动。数字劳动的内涵应该界定为掌握数字技术的劳动者使用数字生产资料生产数字产品或数字服务的雇佣劳动。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹，城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市，2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望，然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意，没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义，每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题，把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

学龄儿童健康行为研究方法述评

学龄儿童健康行为研究越来越得到重视,在未来周期性的研究中也面临着在快速发展的背景下保持较高质量、在有限的财政资源情况下持续提高、使趋势分析与修改问卷内容相适应、满足科学受众和政策受众的不同要求等挑战,因此,完善其研究方法成为当前迫切需要。     

Mobility of students and attractiveness of universities. The case of Sapienza University of Rome

Human mobility is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. While labour migration has been widely and deeply investigated – through theoretical and empirical analysis – other forms of mobility have received much less attention. Students' mobility is a peculiar form of temporary movement that can be considered as neither migration nor tourism. It is rapidly growing: in the period 1975–2005 the number of tertiary education students abroad increased fourfold, from 0.61 million to 2.73 million, following the trend of the internationalization of economy and globalization of culture. In 2009 almost 3.7 million tertiary students were enrolled outside their country of origin, an increase of more than 6% from the previous year.

In this paper we analyse the international mobility of university students, using a unique data set built through surveys conducted at the Sapienza University of Rome. The data collected cover a rich array of information on students' characteristics and backgrounds, provenance places, family conditions, individual aspirations, and job preferences. The empirical analysis of those data offers an opportunity for understanding a relevant part of mobility decisions of (prospective) highly qualified workers. The Sapienza University, moreover, is at present the largest university in Europe for number of students and a pole of attraction for both European and non-European students. This allows us to enlarge our analysis at a global level.     

Evaluation of the location of cities in terms of land cover on the example of Poland

Urban Ecosystems - The increasing availability of remote sensing materials of varying spatial resolution inclines to look for methods enabling their use, both at planning the spatial structure of...     

Predictors of Substance Use and Mental Health of Children of Divorce

Abstract

This short-term longitudinal study examined psycho-social influences on substance use and mental health among children of divorced parents. The sample consisted of ethnically diverse fifth and sixth grade students, and compared children of divorced parents (CODPs; N = 176), who were an average of four years post-divorce, with children of married parents (COMPs; N = 213) who had never divorced. CODPs reported more life stress, less problem-focused coping, and more substance-using friends and family members than COMPs. Further, these variables were significantly related to CODPs' greater reported substance use, aggressive behavior, and depression than COMPs cross-sectionally, and longitudinally, four months later. The results suggest the importance of including both substance use and mental health outcomes in preventive interventions for CODPs.