Fire and restoration of the largest urban forest of the world in Rio de Janeiro City,Brazil

National Park of Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) is about 3,300 ha and considered the largest urban forest in the world. Its floristic composition is typical of Atlantic Rain Forest. The reserve is being altered because of fire occurrences and urban expansion. This study identified locations and causes of forest fires, and makes management recommendations to restore damaged areas. From 1991 to 2000, forest firefighters recorded an average of 75-fire occurrences/year. Identified causes included hot air balloons (24%), intentional (24%), rubbish burning (21%) and religious practices (17%). Primary fuels included invasive grasses and ferns. Although hot air balloons destroyed larger areas of forest in each occurrence, a greater number of fires started in the invasive vegetation along roads that bisect the forest. In response to recurrent forests, invasive vegetation has spread gradually into the forest increasing forest degradation. To decrease fire damage, sites with high fire frequencies and density of invasive vegetation were planted with less flammable species. Results indicate that fire frequency decreased and density of invasive vegetation declined. This approach appears to prevent fire incidence, reduce the need for fire fighting, and preserve existing biodiversity.     

The potential of integrated modelling in conservation biology: A case study of the black‐footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes)

Conservation biology aims at assessing the status of a population, based on information which is often incomplete. Integrated population modelling based on state‐space models appears to be a powerful and relevant way of combining into a single likelihood several types of information such as capture‐recapture data and population surveys. In this paper, the authors describe the principles of integrated population modelling and they evaluate its performance for conservation biology based on a case study, that of the black‐footed albatross, a northern Pacific albatross species suspected to be impacted by longline fishing     

朱之锡治河

清初河患异常严重,清承明制设立河道总督。朱之锡是清代第二任河道总督,他在任期间提出了具体的治河措施并加以实施,使河患得以减轻。朱之锡为治河鞠躬尽瘁,病死于任上,因此,深受沿河百姓爱戴,死后被沿河百姓称为河神。     

近百年来中国对文物建筑与历史地段的保护

论文以1949年为界,分两大部分叙述了迄今为止大约100年来中国对文物建筑与历史地段的保护。总结出1949年后中国近代文物建筑保护思想观念的演变特征,即前期以具有社会主义特色的保护观念为主,80年代以来发展为逐渐与国际接轨。     

关于“建设生态文明”提出的依据及实现的途径

党的十七大适应国内外形势的新变化，顺应各族人民过上更好生活的新期待，提出了实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的新要求，并首次将“建设生态文明”写入报告，这是我们党科学发展、和谐发展理念的一次升华。而探讨生态文明形成的理论依据、现实依据以及建设生态文明的实现途径，对理解和落实十七大报告具有一定的借鉴作用。     

能源教育：节约型社会建设的重要途径

节约型社会建设目标的提出,进一步对节能工作提出了挑战。加强节约型社会建设和提高节能工作的效果,从国外经验来看,能源教育是一个现实和有效的途径。本文从能源教育的必要性及国外能源教育的经验入手,提出了中国发展能源教育的若干建议。     

美国能源教育发展及其启示

美国从1980年启动了“美国能源教育开发”项目,从不同层面开展对国民的能源教育,由此构建了覆盖全国的能源教育体系,找到了应对能源危机的教育途径,在提高国民的能源意识、增强国民的节能技术和节能自觉性,化解能源危机等方面取得了显著成就。美国能源教育开发的经验值得我们借鉴。     

合作共赢发展与个体工作绩效:知识隐藏与证明目标导向的作用

如何抑制个体知识隐藏行为,推动企业发展与个体职业合作共赢有利于组织创新,基于资源保存和目标导向理论,以知识隐藏为中介变量,以证明目标导向为调节变量,构建合作共赢发展对个体工作绩效影响的有调节中介作用模型; 通过281份有效问卷的数据收集、因子分析以及分层回归等,研究中国情境下合作共赢发展通过知识隐藏对个体工作绩效的作用机理,考察证明目标导向的边界作用。研究认为,合作共赢发展对个体工作绩效有显著正向影响,知识隐藏在合作共赢发展与个体工作绩效之间有显著中介作用,证明目标导向调节合作共赢发展和知识隐藏对个体工作绩效的直接作用,证明目标导向调节合作共赢发展通过知识隐藏对个体工作绩效的间接作用; 因此,企业应重视创建上下联通、利益相关的员工职业发展体系,鼓励员工的知识共享行为,营造能够激发员工证明目标导向的组织环境。     

Energy conservation through resource-aware movement in heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networks

Energy conservation in mobile ad hoc networks is of paramount importance because most mobile nodes usually have very limited energy supply. Previous research on this issue focused on the design at the network or MAC or physical layer. In this paper, we study this problem from the new perspective of node mobility, i.e., analyzing the impact of node movement on energy conservation. In particular, armed with the inherent resource heterogeneity in mobile ad hoc networks, we propose a novel resource-aware movement strategy to make better use of some powerful nodes to achieve energy conservation. We also formulate the resource-aware movement as a NP-complete distance-constrained least-cost (DCLC) routing problem and propose an efficient heuristic solution. Extensive simulations have been used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.     

论民族文化的发展规律——兼说"民族文化保护"的认识论问题

马克思主义的唯物辩证法思想是我们研究民族文化发展规律的指导原则。同世界上的其他客观事物一样,任何一种民族文化事项都有自身发生、发展和消亡的历史。一种民族文化事项产生之后到底能够存在多长时间,取决于它能够在多大程度上满足民族文化事项传承者的物质需要和精神需要。任何一种民族文化保护活动,如果不符合文化发展规律,不符合民族文化传承者自身的愿望,就不能达到预期目的。